Early experience determines song dialect responsiveness of female sparrows

In a laboratory experiment, female white-crowned sparrows responded almost exclusively to male songs taken from their home dialect region and usually not to songs taken from an alien dialect region. Song dialect populations may represent a level of genetic population structure below that of the subspecies and may play an important role in songbird evolution.     

Uncertain and multi-objective programming models for crop planting structure optimization

Crop planting structure optimization is a significant way to increase agricultural economic benefits and improve agricultural water management. The complexities of fluctuating stream conditions, varying economic profits, and uncertainties and errors in estimated modeling parameters, as well as the complexities among economic, social, natural resources and environmental aspects, have led to the necessity of developing optimization models for crop planting structure which consider uncertainty and multi-objectives elements. In this study, three single-objective programming models under uncertainty for crop planting structure optimization were developed, including an interval linear programming model, an inexact fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IFCCP) model and an inexact fuzzy linear programming (IFLP) model. Each of the three models takes grayness into account. Moreover, the IFCCP model considers fuzzy uncertainty of parameters/variables and stochastic characteristics of constraints, while the IFLP model takes into account the fuzzy uncertainty of both constraints and objective functions. To satisfy the sustainable development of crop planting structure planning, a fuzzy-optimization-theory-based fuzzy linear multi-objective programming model was developed, which is capable of reflecting both uncertainties and multi-objective. In addition, a multi-objective fractional programming model for crop structure optimization was also developed to quantitatively express the multi-objective in one optimization model with the numerator representing maximum economic benefits and the denominator representing minimum crop planting area allocation. These models better reflect actual situations, considering the uncertainties and multi-objectives of crop planting structure optimization systems. The five models developed were then applied to a real case study in Minqin County, north-west China. The advantages, the applicable conditions and the solution methods of each model are expounded. Detailed analysis of results of each model and their comparisons demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the models developed, therefore decision makers can choose the appropriate model when making decisions.     

Reproductive development in a female songbird: differential stimulation by quality of male song

Female canaries exposed to playback of large repertoires of male songs built nests faster and laid more eggs than did those females exposed to smaller song repertoires: females are attentive to attributes of male song, and their choices have played a role in the evolution of oscine singing behaviors.     

Syrian hamster female protein: analysis of female protein primary structure and gene expression

The concentration in plasma of the female protein (FP) of the golden Syrian hamster is regulated by sex steroids and by mediators of the acute-phase response to tissue injury or inflammation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone corresponding to FP was isolated from a hamster liver cDNA library and used to determine the nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of native FP. The primary sequence of FP is 69 percent identical to human serum amyloid P component and 50 percent identical to human C-reactive protein. Evidence showed that sex-limited and acute-phase control of the FP gene is pretranslational. The FP protein is thus a useful model for investigating dual regulation of expression of a single gene.     

科学规划调整结构大力发展生态经济--关于南平市延平区农业发展的几点建议

延平区地处闽北,气候温和,雨量充沛,农业资源丰富,生态环境良好,有一定农业设施和产业化基础.新时期如何发展生态农业,繁荣乡村经济,增加农民收入,对城郊型的延平区来说,既是一个好机遇,又必须有新思路.为此,提出6个方面建议,仅供决策时参考.     

Nicotine is chemotactic for neutrophils and enhances neutrophil responsiveness to chemotactic peptides

Neutrophils contribute to chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema associated with cigarette smoking. Nicotine was found to be chemotactic for human neutrophils but not monocytes, with a peak activity at approximately 31 micromolar. In lower concentrations (comparable to those in smokers' plasma), nicotine enhanced the response of neutrophils to two chemotactic peptides. In contrast to most other chemoattractants for neutrophils, however, nicotine did not affect degranulation or superoxide production. Nicotine thus may promote inflammation and consequent lung injury in smokers.     

Temporal synergism of corticosterone and prolactin controlling gonadal growth in sparrows

Gonadal growth was controlled in two avian species by corticosterone and prolactin injected daily at various times. Testicular growth was induced in photorefractory house sparrows (Passer domesticus) kept in continuous light by prolactin injected 4 or 8 hours after administration of corticosterone. Other temporal patterns were ineffective. Gonadal growth was also stimulated in photosensitive white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) kept in continuous light by prolactin injected 12 hours after administration of corticosterone. Daily injections of prolactin 8 hours after injection of corticosterone inhibited gonadal growth. The seasonal cycle of reproductive photorefractoriness and photosensitivity is controlled by a changing relation between the daily rhythms of plasma concentrations of corticosterone and prolactin.     

我国女性就业问题成因及解决思路

两性存在着差异,生理的差别任凭"上帝"也不能改变.承认差别的存在,克服人为不平等的因素,建立新的伦理关怀,这是文明至今应该、并且能够开拓的一条道路.对社会的可持续发展而言,两性的作用犹如车之双轮、鸟之双翼,相辅相成,缺一不可.     

植物响应水分胁迫的分子机制研究进展

水分胁迫是影响植物生长发育及农作物产量和品质的主要限制因子.论述植物响应水分胁迫的分子机制,其信号转导整个过程包括细胞感知水分胁迫信号、胁迫信号的传递、第二信使激活一些相关的转录因子、转录因子与顺式元件相瓦作用诱导基因的表达.在水分胁迫起始信号和靶基因表达之间至少存在4条独立的信号转导途径,包括两条ABA依赖型和两条非...     

A high-pressure structure in curium linked to magnetism

Curium lies at the center of the actinide series and has a half-filled shell with seven 5f electrons spatially residing inside its radon core. As a function of pressure, curium exhibits five different crystallographic phases up to 100 gigapascals, of which all but one are also found in the preceding element, americium. We describe here a structure in curium, Cm III, with monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/c, found at intermediate pressures (between 37 and 56 gigapascals). Ab initio electronic structure calculations agree with the observed sequence of structures and establish that it is the spin polarization of curium's 5f electrons that stabilizes Cm III. The results reveal that curium is one of a few elements that has a lattice structure stabilized by magnetism.     

PVC双壁波纹排水暗管滤水结构试验研究

为降低暗管工程施工成本,在实验室利用模拟实验装置研究了PVC双壁波纹排水暗管的滤水结构。试验表明在粉砂、粉质壤土等弱透水性介质中,PVC双壁波纹排水暗管的开空率达到1．6％就可满足农田地下排水要求,砂砾滤料的铺设厚度不应于4．5cm,生产实际中砂砾滤料的铺设厚度宜取9～12cm。     

Temporal pattern as a cue for species-specific calling song recognition in crickets

Female crickets can recognize conspecific calling song from its temporal pattern alone. In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the song pattern consists of three classes of interpulse intervals arranged in a stereotyped sequence. Females recognize a model song in which the sequential order of intervals is random. This argues against the hypothesis that recognition results from matching auditory input to an internal template of the song.     

Scoliosis in chickens: responsiveness of severity and incidence to dietary copper

The severity and incidence of spinal lesions were manipulated in a line of chickens susceptible to scoliosis by varying their dietary intake of copper. A decrease in expression of the lesion was related to increased intake of copper. The change in expression, however, appeared to be related only indirectly to the defects in collagen cross-linking, maturation, and deposition known to be associated with dietary copper deficiency. Thus, a dietary constituent in the range of normal intakes may act as an environmental factor in the expression of scoliosis.     

基于灰色多目标线性规划的庄浪县土地利用结构优化研究

选取大陆性季风气候特征的甘肃省庄浪县进行实例分析,综合考虑经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,采用灰色多目标线性规划法,建立目标函数,得出最优的土地利用结构优化方案,并用常规的叠加法将确定的土地利用数量结构方案优化配置到具体的地域空间.结果表明:庄浪县在土地利用过程中用地盲目性、随意性大,导致结构与布局不稳定;以最优化理论为指导思想,得出3个备选方案,方案一生态效益最大化,方案二经济效益最大化,方案三不仅使耕地面积达到72 890.87hm2,实现庄浪县耕地保有量目标规划的要求,而且通过增加2 297.26hm2的园地面积和5 429.57hm2的林地面积来提高生态效益,随着城镇化进程的加剧,城镇用地规模增加至1 765.05hm2,农村居民点面积减少了476.45hm2,且采矿、交通等非农建设用地也分别有所增加;在Arcgis中将最优土地利用数量结构落实到具体的地域,实现了土地利用数量结构和空间结构的有效统一.     

小U型渠道砼衬砌结构冻胀破坏监测试验设计

主要针对小U型渠道砼衬砌结构冻胀破坏监测的试验方案进行探讨性的设计．首先对主要试验参数的监测方法进行了全面的论述,其次就依据本设计进行试验监测时,可能存在的问题及预防措施进行了简要分析,同时提出了渠道衬砌结构冻胀损伤诊断．最后监测试验方案是基于笔者对田间灌溉渠道砼衬砌结构冻胀破坏监测试验的研究和理解进行设计的．     

植物工厂LED灯无土栽培生菜适宜品种筛选试验

在植物工厂LED灯无土栽培条件下,进行6个生菜品种比较试验,结果表明:以四季生菜产量最高,其次分别是农友三元生菜、紫叶生菜、意大利生菜,这4个品种都是在植物工厂LED灯无土栽培环境下栽培的适宜品种。     

陕北剪纸与山歌的艺术共性

民间剪纸与山歌在艺术上存在着许多共性，本文把陕北这一地域的2种不同的艺术形式做一比较，从多方面、多角度找出它们的共同点和联系，以帮助我们对某一方面有更加广度和深度的学习和研究。     

Interspecific genetic control of courtship song production and reception in Drosophila

The genetic control of courtship song differences between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans males was investigated by producing hybrids from reciprocal crosses. The song rhythm difference between the parental species appears to be due to sex-linked genes, whereas the basic interpulse-interval difference is autosomally inherited. Hybrid females show selective preferences for artificially generated songs carrying intermediate "hybrid" characteristics.