Amorphization of Serpentine at High Pressure and High Temperature

Pressure-induced amorphization of serpentine was observed at temperatures of 200° to 300°C and pressures of 14 to 27 gigapascals with a combination of a multianvil apparatus and synchrotron radiation. High-pressure phases then crystallized rapidly when the temperature was increased to 400°C. These results suggest that amorphization of serpentine is an unlikely mechanism for generating deep-focus earthquakes, as the temperatures of subducting slabs are significantly higher than those of the rapid crystallization regime.     

X-ray Diffraction Studies on Tin at High Pressure and High Temperature

Tin at a pressure of 39 kb and at 314 degrees C has tetragonal symmetry with an atom at each point of a body-centered tetragonal lattice. The unit cell dimensions are a equal to 3.81 A, c equal to 3.48 A, and c/ a = 0.91. The melting curve of tin was observed up to 45 kb and the boundary line between the tin I and tin II phases was observed to 70 kb by x-ray diflraction techniques.     

Synchrotron X-ray Study of Iron at High Pressure and Temperature

X-ray synchrotron experiments with in situ laser heating of iron in a diamond-anvil cell show that the high-pressure epsilon phase, a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, transforms to another phase (possibly a polytype double-layer hcp) at a pressure of about 38 gigapascals and at temperatures between 1200 and 1500 kelvin. This information has implications for the phase relations of iron in Earth's core.     

Structure and Density of FeS at High Pressure and High Temperature and the Internal Structure of Mars

In situ x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that FeS, a possible core material for the terrestrial planets, transforms to a hexagonal NiAs superstructure with axial ratio (c/a) close to the ideal close-packing value of 1.63 at high pressure and high temperature. The high-pressure-temperature phase has shorter Fe-Fe distances than the low-pressure phase. Significant shortening of the Fe-Fe distance would lead to metallization of FeS, resulting in fundamental changes in physical properties of FeS at high pressure and temperature. Calculations using the density of the high-pressure-temperature FeS phase indicate that the martian core-mantle boundary occurs within the silicate perovskite stability field.     

高温高压下P110钢CO2腐蚀电化学行为研究

运用电化学测量技术,研究了P110油套管钢在模拟油田现场腐蚀环境中的腐蚀电化学行为.研究结果表明,随着试验时间的延长,腐蚀速率逐渐降低.在试验时间达到72 h后,腐蚀速率降低的趋势变缓;阳极极化曲线上出现了类似于钝化的现象.阴极极化曲线的Tafel斜率变化较大,P110钢的阴极反应趋势已经不同;P110钢的EIS表明极化电阻逐渐增大,电极反应由最初的活化控制变为由扩散和活化共同控制.     

牛粪堆肥高温期氨氧化古菌与氨氧化细菌的多样性分析

堆肥化过程中,氨氧化微生物对堆肥原料的氮素转化和氮损失影响重大。为了分析牛粪堆肥高温期微生物的多样性,研究以氨单加氧酶基因（帆胡）为标记,分析了牛粪堆肥高温阶段氨氧化古菌（Ammonia-OxidizingArchaea,AOA）和氨氧化细菌（Ammonia-OxidizingBacteria,AOB）菌群多样性。结果表明,在AOB类群中,亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）和亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrosospira）克隆子数量分别占整个克隆文库的59．3％和40．7％,它们是堆肥高温期的优势氨氧化细菌,但是Nitrosomonas的数量比Nitrosospira更占优势。在AOA群落中,soil／sediment菌群占据绝对数量优势,其克隆子数量占AOA文库的94．2％,sea／sediment菌群仅占5．8％。     

油基钻井液高温高压性能预测算法的实现

依据国内外提出的最新理论预测模型,借助于MATLAB开发工具,实现了油基钻井液高温高压性能预测算法软件.该软件具备了油基钻井液高温高压表观粘度和密度预测功能,可准确预测出表观粘度和密度随井深变化,对油基钻井液的现场应用具有重大的指导意义.     

养虾池水层生物固氮作用的原位测定

侧重应用乙炔还原法进行养殖池水层生物固氮作用原位测定的具体操作步骤 ,并提出了应用医用注射器作为原位培养容器和对培养后生成的气体体积进行了校正的改进措施。列出了应用该改进方法测得的、不同对虾养殖池水层生物固氮作用速率为 0 .89～ 3.90 μg (L·h) ,最后还讨论了影响测定结果的主要因素 ,包括注射器的透光度和容积大小、试验空白和气相色谱测定条件等     

Phase transition of FeO and stratification in Earth's outer core

Light elements such as oxygen in Earth's core influence the physical properties of the iron alloys that exist in this region. Describing the high-pressure behavior of these materials at core conditions constrains models of core structure and dynamics. From x-ray diffraction measurements of iron monoxide (FeO) at high pressure and temperature, we show that sodium chloride (NaCl)-type (B1) FeO transforms to a cesium chloride (CsCl)-type (B2) phase above 240 gigapascals at 4000 kelvin with 2% density increase. The oxygen-bearing liquid in the middle of the outer core therefore has a modified Fe-O bonding environment that, according to our numerical simulations, suppresses convection. The phase-induced stratification is seismologically invisible but strongly affects the geodynamo.     

西伯利亚高压异常与海温异常的关系

利用1948～2004年的NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料和NOAA卫星中心月平均海温资料,分析探讨了西伯利亚高压异常与海表温度异常的关系,找出海温异常对西伯利亚高压变化影响较大的海区。结果表明,西伯利亚高压面积指数和强度指数与海温有很好的同期相关性。西伯利亚高压中心强度指数和海温的同期相关场的相关型,与面积指数的相关场结构相似,但正相关区域扩大,负相关区的强度明显减弱。西伯利亚高压面积指数和中心强度指数,与同年春季、秋季、夏季大西洋北部海温距平的相关都很显著,与副热带南印度洋、热带南太平洋的显著负相关区及与西南大西洋的显著负相关区都存在明显的季节差异,面积距平的相关系数要大于强度距平的相关系数。对西伯利亚高压异常变率影响较大的主要是副热带南印度洋、中高纬北太平洋、大西洋北部、热带南太平洋和西南大西洋几个海区的海温异常。     

高温高压过热蒸汽处理木材的热稳定性

以日本柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)为试材,采用差热分析仪(附带DSC测试配置)对经温度为80、120、160、180℃,相对湿度分别为0、40%、60%、100%(80℃时最大相对湿度为80%)过热蒸汽处理后的试件进行了测试,探讨不同温度、不同相对湿度条件对木材热稳定性的影响.结果表明:高温高压过热蒸汽处理后的木材与未处理材的热分解机理基本相同;处理木材的温度越高,木材热分解所需温度也随之增高;高温高压过热蒸汽处理材的热稳定性好于未处理材,并随处理温度的升高而提高;相同温度条件下,相对湿度较低时处理的木材,其热稳定性好于相对湿度较高时处理的木材;相同相对湿度条件下,高温处理的木材,其热稳定性好于低温处理的木材.     

Phase Transformation at High Temperatures in Hafnia and Zirconia

Phase transformation curves for HfO(2) and ZrO(2) have been made. Transformation hysteresis is discussed. The transformation of monoclinic to tetragonal as temperature increases occurs over the range 1000 degrees to 1200 degrees C in ZrO(2), and 1500 degrees to 1600 degrees C in HfO(2). With decreasing temperature the transition back to monoclinic occurs from 970 degrees to 750 degrees C in ZrO(2) and 1550 degrees to 1450 degrees C in HfO(2). These transformations have been visually observed in ZrO(2), but not in HfO(2).     

在高温及均匀内压作用下球罐的蠕变分析

本文对高温、均匀内压作用下球罐的蠕变变形和应力进行了探讨.根据塑性条件及单向拉伸蠕变试验的数据,导出了稳定蠕变阶段受压球罐的应力、应变及直径扩大量的理论公式,且对不计蠕变变形和考虑蠕变变形时球罐的承载能力进行了计算和比较.     

超高压高效液相色谱法测定茶酒中茶氨酸含量

[目的]研究茶酒中茶氨酸含量的分析方法。[方法]以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为衍生剂,采用超高压高效液相色谱测定茶酒中的茶氨酸。[结果]检测茶氨酸的线性范围为0.1~100.0μg/m L,线性方程可拟合为Y=53.57X-41.664,相关系数r为0.999 59,该方法的最低检出限达到0.05μg/g(以S/N=3计)。样品中茶氨酸的含量为0.25 mg/kg,加标试验的回收率在99.6%~100.1%。[结论]该方法快速、简单、定量准确,可在茶氨酸的测定分析中推广应用。     

土壤和生物中全磷样品的高压蒸汽消解法

利用自制“自控式高压蒸汽消解器”研究了测定土壤、肥料、粮食、蔬菜、食品中全磷时样品的最佳消解条件和方法。消解后样品的全磷，用钼锑抗光度法测定，其准确度和精密度可与凯氏瓶敞口消解法媲美，但试剂用量和消解时间只需敞口法的１／３～１／５，且无实验室环境污染，可作为有机生物样品的常规消解装置和方法     

Observations of Hydrogen at Room Temperature (25{degrees}C) and High Pressure (to 500 Kilobars)

Hydrogen becomes a solid at 25 degrees C when subjected to a pressure of 57 kilobars. The high-pressure phase appears as a transparent crystalline mass. The refractive index of the high-pressure phase increases sharply with pressure, indicating a density increase of similar magnitude. At 360 kilobars the calculated density of the high-pressure phase is 0.6 to 0.7 grams per cubic centimeter.     

高温高压热处理材力学性能神经网络建模研究

木材高温高压热处理是一种相对稳定且非常环保的木材热处理方法。该研究利用BP神经网络建模研究木材高温高压热处理与其力学性能的关系,结果表明BP神经网络在网络构建和预测性能上效果良好。在此基础上对木材热处理的工艺参数进行了分析和优化,这对科学合理地使用木材具有重要意义。     

基于正相高效液相色谱法的维生素E异构体含量测定

采用正相高效液相色谱法同时分离和测定生育酚和生育三烯酚的含量,确定一种简单准确测定维生素E异构体含量的方法。样品经前处理后,用ZorbaxNH2柱分离,以正己烷-异丙醇为流动相洗脱,在波长292nm处进行检测,采用外标法对七种维生素E异构体：α-生育酚、α-生育三烯酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、γ-生育三烯酚、δ-生育酚和δ-生育三烯酚进行了定量分析。结果表明,各组分线性关系良好（相关系数0.9993～0.9998）,精密度高,稳定性和重现性好,加样回收率在97.0%～102.1%,方法简便准确,可用于不同样品的定量分析。     

Sanidine: Predicted and Observed Monoclinic-to-Triclinic Reversible Transformations at High Pressure

High sanidine, (K,Na)AlSi(3)O(8), transforms reversibly to a triclinic phase at high pressure. This is analogous to the high-temperature monalbite transformation. Disordered alkali feldspars of various compositions have unit-cell dimensions which are very similar at the transition (a = 8.30 A, b = 12.97 A, c = 7.14 A, and beta = 116.2 degrees ), indicating that the transformation is structurally controlled. Changes in temperature, pressure, and the sodium/potassium ratio cause similar structural variations: angles between adjacent, rigid tetrahedra vary to accommodate changing effective alkali cation sizes.