四君子汤对脾虚犬体重及部分血清生化指标的影响

通过皮下注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型,观察犬临床体征、体重及部分血清生化指标变化情况,研究四君子汤对脾虚犬体重及血清生化水平的影响。结果显示,在犬出现脾虚证候后,体重与血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)水平均显著低于空白对照组(P0.05);用四君子汤治疗7 d后,脾虚犬体重与血清TP、ALB、GLO均恢复到与空白对照组水平接近,而未经治疗的脾虚试验组犬各项指标未恢复到与空白对照组接近,与空白对照组和四君子汤治疗组比较呈显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,通过皮下注射利血平可以复制犬脾虚证动物模型,用四君子汤治疗犬脾虚证具有明显的疗效。     

针灸对脾虚犬消化功能指标的影响

本试验通过注射利血平复制犬脾虚证动物模型,观察犬临床体征、体重及部分消化功能指标的变化,并研究针灸对各项指标的调整作用。试验结果显示,在实验犬出现脾虚证后,其体重显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05);在经针灸治疗7 d后,实验犬的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性与胃动素水平均显著高于未经治疗的实验犬(P<0.05),而胃泌素与生长抑素均显著低于未经治疗的实验犬(P<0.05)。结果表明,通过针刺脾虚犬足三里、脾俞两穴位,对改善脾虚犬临床症状、增加体重及恢复正常消化功能等方面具有明显的功效。     

电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证对其生理指标的影响

为验证采用电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证的疗效及探讨其机理。首先,用番泻叶浸剂复制犬脾虚泄泻证病理模型,然后,电针后三里穴,通过测定犬生理常数、血液指标及血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,验证其疗效。结果表明,电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证,可以影响脉搏、白细胞数量和血红蛋白含量,降低患犬体温,降低血浆中MDA含量。说明采用电针犬后三里穴治疗脾虚泄泻证效果较明显。     

犬椎间盘疾病的针灸治疗

为观察针灸疗法对犬椎间盘疾病的疗效,对41例临床病例,分两大不同病情,采用大椎穴穴位封闭疗法加百会穴、二眼穴穴位药物疗法对37例早期轻度及中度犬椎间盘疾病病例治疗1~5次,平均2.3次;结合选用大椎、命门、百会、二眼、尾根、环跳、后跟、趾间穴的白针疗法对4例中后期后躯瘫痪重症病例治疗3~6次。结果表明,37例早期轻度及中度病例全部取得显著效果,4例中后期后躯瘫痪重症病例3例得到改善,1例无效,总有效率为97.5%。此方法简便易行,并显示有较好的治疗效果。     

牛磺酸对山羊体重及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同浓度牛磺酸对山羊体重及血清中生化指标的影响。选择16只5～6月龄的山羊,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组（在日粮中添加0、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%的牛磺酸）,每组4个重复,每个重复1只羊。试验期共81 d,分为两个阶段：第一阶段在日粮基础上添加不同牛磺酸水平连续饲喂21 d;第二阶段停止药物干预。在试验第30、51和81 d时各采集一次血液,测定山羊体重及血清部分生化指标。结果显示：试验第1～30 d,各试验组山羊的平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验第31～51 d,各组山羊的平均日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）,且此时间段各组的平均日增重低于其他时间段;试验第51～81 d,试验Ⅱ组山羊的平均日增重显著低于试验Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。试验第21 d,试验Ⅲ组山羊血清γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组山羊血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）;对照组、试验Ⅱ组血清总蛋白（T...     

Effects of storage time and freezing temperature on clinical chemical parameters from canine serum and heparinized plasma

To assess changes in 24 blood constituents in frozen serum and heparinized plasma, blood samples were drawn from 10 clinically normal German Shepherd army dogs. The storage characteristics of nine enzymes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, lipase), and 15 metabolites and minerals (albumin, bile acids, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, glucose, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea) were studied. Parallel samples of serum and heparinized plasma were stored for 90 and 240 days at two different storage temperatures, -200 degrees C and -700 degrees C. Sixteen of the 24 analytes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, magnesium, phosphate, urea) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes during the storage period related to storage time, storage temperature, and sample type. Seven of the analytes (amylase, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, fructosamine, magnesium) showed changes of possible clinical importance with mean differences from baseline larger than 20% for the enzymes and 10% for the metabolites and minerals during the storage periods.     

Urinary lipid production profile in canine patients with splenic mass

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are metabolized to various lipid mediators. The profile of these lipid metabolites excreted into the urine reflects inflammatory state of the body and disease conditions. In this study, we quantified 156 types of lipids in urine samples of dogs with splenic mass, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We found that metabolites of prostaglandin (PG) E₂, F_2α, and D₂, 8-iso-PGF_3α, lyso-platelet activating factor, and 14,15-leukotrien C₄ significantly increased in urine samples of dogs with splenic mass compared to that of healthy dogs. These observations may reflect general inflammatory responses and will help better understanding of the canine splenic mass.     

Determination of uric acid in canine serum and urine by high performance liquid chromatography

A reproducible high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for analysis of uric acid in canine serum and urine. The method consists of precipitating serum proteins with phosphotungstic acid prior to HPLC analysis. Urine is analyzed after dilution with buffer. Chromatography is performed on a reversed-phase C-18 column with UV detection at 292 nm. Sensitivity of the method will allow reproducible measurement of uric acid at concentrations of 0.05 mg/dl in serum and 0.1 mg/dl in urine. The HPLC method has been used to quantify hundreds of canine serum and urine samples. The method is superior to UV absorption or colorimetric methods because its lower limit of detection allows measurement of uric acid at concentrations found in canine serum and urine.     

Comparison of two dry chemistry analyzers and a wet chemistry analyzer using canine serum

Canine serum was used to compare seven chemistry analytes on two tabletop clinical dry chemistry analyzers, Boehringer's Reflotron and Kodak's Ektachem. Results were compared to those obtained on a wet chemistry reference analyzer, Roche Diagnostic's Cobas Mira. Analytes measured were urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol and bilirubin. Nine to 12 canine sera with values in the low, normal, and high range were evaluated. The correlations were acceptable for all comparisons with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98 for all analytes. Regression analysis resulted in significant differences for both tabletop analyzers when compared to the reference analyzer for cholesterol and bilirubin, and for glucose and AST on the Kodak Ektachem. Differences appeared to result from proportional systematic error occurring at high analyte concentrations.     

补饲水平对甘肃高山细毛羊血液指标及其羔羊体重的影响

本研究根据40kg中国美利奴泌乳母羊泌乳量分别为0.8、1.0和1.2kg时所需营养物质的饲养标准,配制了精粗比分别为5∶5、6∶4和7∶3的3种营养水平日粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,对甘肃高山细毛羊泌乳母羊进行冬春季放牧补饲试验,同时以牧户自行补饲少量精料、玉米粒及大量青干草的泌乳羊为对照组。通过测定各组试验羊的血清生化指标和母羊及羔羊的体重变化,探索出适宜的草料供给与营养均衡模式。结果表明,血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量日粮Ⅲ摄入组最高,极显著高于对照组(P0.01),尿素氮(BUN)含量对照组显著高于其余3组(P0.05),胆固醇(CHO)含量日粮Ⅱ摄入组显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于其余3组;试验末期总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量为日粮Ⅱ摄入组最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量日粮Ⅱ和Ⅲ摄入组显著低于其余两组(P0.05);日粮Ⅱ和Ⅲ摄入组母羊日增重显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于其余两组。总体来看,日粮Ⅱ和Ⅲ的摄入对母羊血清生化指标及羔羊体重都有显著影响,但为了降低饲养成本,避免能量和蛋白过剩,在放牧的同时补饲日粮Ⅱ为最佳的选择。     

肌注PHA对犬血清中补体C3、C4的影响

对各犬只肌注PHA,通过测定不同时期血清中补体C3,C4的浓度,以判定PHA对补体的影响作用。把PHA分成4个剂量组:低剂量组(0.05 mg/kg)、中剂量组(0.10 mg/kg)、高剂量组(0.20 mg/kg)和对照组(相同剂量的生理盐水)。在注射前和注射后的7 d、14 d对各组实验犬只进行采血分析,测定其血清中补体的含量,并进行统计学分析。结果显示,不同剂量的PHA对犬只的补体系统刺激作用不同,其中中剂量组可以极大地提高机体的补体水平,并保持一定时间的高水平,而低剂量组和高剂量组的差异不显著。     

DEAE cellulose chromatographic characterization of canine serum

Canine serum samples were fractionated on DEAE cellulose using a continuous gradient system to establish a representative chromatographic pattern for normal dog serum. Serum samples were separated using decreasing pH (8.4–4.5) and increasing molarity (0.01–0.3 m) phosphate gradient and the elution pattern was obtained by spectrophotometric (280 nm) analysis of fractions. In preparative separations individual fractions were also analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis to determine the content of IgG immunoglobulins, transferrin and albumin. The results demonstrate a distinctly different chromatographic pattern from that of human serum. The size of the first eluting peak and the position of subsequent peaks of canine serum differ from human serum chromatograms. Fraction analyses demonstrate that this difference is due in part to the content of the various peaks and indicates a difference in electrophoretic mobility of corresponding serum proteins. In addition, canine IgGa was separated free of other immunoglobulins by rechromatographing the first peak using this gradient system.     

Significant association of serum autoantibodies to TYMS,HAPLN1 and IGFBP5 with early stage canine malignant mammary tumours

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most prevalent neoplasms in female dogs. Despite the high incidence of such tumours, a lack of easily accessible biomarkers still impedes early diagnosis of malignant CMTs. Herein we identify thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as CMT antigens eliciting corresponding autoantibodies in CMT cases. We establish enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect autoantibodies to TYMS (TYMS‐AAb), HAPLN1 (HAPLN1‐AAb) and IGFBP5 (IGFBP5‐AAb) in sera from 81 dogs with malignant CMTs (41 in Stage I), 24 with benign CMTs and 35 healthy controls. Levels of all the three autoantibodies are elevated in the malignant group compared with the healthy or the benign group; notably, the elevated autoantibody levels significantly correlate with the stage‐I CMTs. For discriminating malignant CMTs from healthy control, the area under curve (AUC) of TYMS‐AAb is 0.694 with specificity of 82.9% and sensitivity of 50.6%. The AUC of utilising HAPLN1‐AAb for distinguishing the stage‐I CMTs from healthy controls is 0.711 with specificity of 77.1% and sensitivity of 58.5%. In differentiating malignant CMTs from the benign, the AUC of IGFBP5‐AAb reaches 0.696 with specificity of 70.8% and sensitivity of 67.9%, and a combination of IGFBP5‐AAb and TYMS‐AAb increases the AUC to 0.72. Finally, the AUC of combined HAPLN1‐AAb and IGFBP5‐AAb in discriminating the stage‐I CMTs from the benign achieves 0.731. Collectively, this study highlights a significant association of the three serum autoantibodies with early stage malignant CMTs.