Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the mature period on the reproduction performance of Taiwan Native Chicken cockerels

One-day-old Taiwan native male chicks were fed with maize-soybean rearing diets without supplemental vitamin E to 23 weeks of age. From 23 to 52 weeks of age, the cockerels (n = 90) were assigned at random to 5 dietary treatments and fed with maize-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate). Pullets (225) of the same age were fed with standard diets throughout. They were artificially inseminated with one dose of 0.04 ml/bird intact and 5-fold diluted pooled semen at 31 to 43 weeks of age and at 49 weeks of age, respectively. The criteria evaluated included: semen quality, fertility and maximum and effective duration of fertility, blood characteristics, body and testes weight. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect cockerels' effective duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. However, when pullets were inseminated with diluted semen, supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E increased the maximum duration of fertility at 49 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving 40 to 160mg/kg supplements had higher sperm viability and motility after 39 weeks of age and those fed 80 mg/kg had higher sperm concentration at 39 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving supplements of more than 40 mg/kg vitamin E had higher body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and testosterone were not affected by supplemental vitamin E. However, plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentration was lower in cockerels fed 160 mg/kg. Lack of supplemental vitamin E over 39 weeks was associated with lower semen quality but did not reduce the proportion of fertile eggs laid by inseminated hens, perhaps because the insemination dose compensated for low sperm quality. We found that the maximum duration of fertility might be improved by supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E at 49 weeks of age.     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响.试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 m...     

维生素E水平和免疫应激处理对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究维生素E水平和免疫应激对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。采用3×3双因子设计,270只19周龄健康来航蛋鸡随机分为9组,每组5个重复,每重复6只鸡。其中,3个日粮VE水平分别为0、40和100IU/kg,3种免疫应激方式分别为不注射、肌注生理盐水和肌注减蛋综合症疫苗。结果表明:VE对免疫应激给鸡群生产性能带来的不良影响具有部分缓解作用,在免疫应激状态下,鸡群对于VE的营养需求量增加。     

Effects of supplemental parenteral administration of vitamin E and selenium to Jerseys and Holsteins during the nonlactating period

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of breed and supplemental administration of vitamin E and selenium (Se) during late gestation on circulating concentrations of these micronutrients in periparturient Jerseys and Holsteins. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical study. ANIMALS: 16 Jersey and 36 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were allotted to blocks on the basis of breed and expected parturition date. Cows within blocks were randomly assigned to be given vitamin E or Se parenterally 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition in a 2 x 2 factorial design. RESULTS: Results of ANOVA indicated Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se and lower serum concentrations of vitamin E than Holsteins at the end of lactation. Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se than Holsteins 3 to 4 weeks prior to parturition and at parturition. Selenium administration increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition. Administration of nutrients did not affect serum concentrations of vitamin E at parturition or 2 to 3 weeks after parturition or blood concentrations of Se 2 to 3 weeks after parturition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Jerseys and Holsteins consuming rations of comparable Se content differ in blood concentrations of Se during the nonlactating period, suggesting breed-related differences in Se metabolism during late lactation and the nonlactating period. Parenteral administration of Se 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition; however, Se concentrations of both groups at parturition were considered within the reference range for clinically normal cattle.     

甜菜碱对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

将240只55周龄、健康的巴布考克（B380）蛋鸡随机分为5组,在其基础日粮中分别添加0,0．5、1．0、1．5和2g／kg的甜菜碱,观察其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,在蛋鸡日粮中加入1．5g／kg的甜菜碱可极显著提高产蛋率8．13个百分点（P〈0．01）。显著提高料蛋比8．10％（P〈0．05）。对蛋品质无明显的影响。     

Effects of high concentrations of dietary vitamin E and ethoxyquin on the performance of laying hens

1. Three experiments were carried out with light strain laying hens to evaluate the effects of relatively high doses of dietary vitamin E (125 mg/kg food) or ethoxyquin (EQ) (250 mg/kg food) on their laying performance. The control diet contained 5 and 125 mg/kg vitamin E and EQ, respectively. The experimental diets were fed either from one or 32 weeks until 88 or 89 weeks of age. 2. The two antioxidants did not affect the growth of the pullets, age at first egg, final body weight, average egg weight or relative abdominal fat pad size and liver weight at the termination of the experiments. In two out of three experiments, vitamin E and EQ did not affect egg production, food efficiency or mortality; in the third experiment vitamin E significantly (P less than 0.05) improved egg production and food efficiency after an outbreak of Newcastle disease which occurred at 34 weeks of age. EQ significantly reduced mortality during the course of this experiment, but did affect the variables of performance. In two experiments vitamin E consistently improved shell density, although a significant effect was observed in only one of the eight determinations carried out. EQ did not affect this variable. 3. The uterine muscle was more susceptible to oxidation than the drumstick meat, as evaluated by TBA values. In both tissues, vitamin E significantly and consistently decreased TBA values and restricted their increase during incubation, while EQ was less effective, particularly in the drumstick meat. 4. It is concluded that increasing vitamin E and EQ concentrations in diets of laying hens have no effect on the decrease in egg production due to aging. However, vitamin E may minimize the decline in egg production and food efficiency following the outbreaks of some diseases and slightly improve--under certain yet undefined conditions--shell density.     

Effects of food restriction during the finishing period on the performance of broiler chickens

1. Three hundred 4-week-old commercial Hibrow broiler chicks were fed ad libitum , 85% and 70% of ad libitum or ad libitum for 5 d per week with 3rd and 5th days of food withdrawal for 28 d to examine the effects of food restriction on liveweight, growth rate, food conversion efficiency, dressing percentage, abdominal fat and mortality. 2. Quantitative food reduction to 85% and 70% of ad libitum , and reduction in feeding time by 2 d/week significantly reduced final body weight and rate of growth. 3. Food restriction (to 70% ad libitum ) resulted in lower abdominal fat than ad libitum feeding, 15% food restriction or reduction in feeding time by 2 d/week. 4. There were no significant differences between the effects of 15% food restriction and 2-d reduction in feeding time per week on final body weight, growth rate and abdominal fat. 5. Reduction in feeding time by 2 d/week resulted in the same food efficiency as ad libitum feeding and quantitative food restriction by 15% and a significantly better food efficiency than 30% quantitative food reduction. 6. Reducing feeding time by 2 d/week seemed to have less severe effects on the birds than quantitatively reducing food supply by 30%.     

维生素E对免疫抑制产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的调控效应

试验探讨维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的调控效应,选取健康的尼克褐产蛋鸡270只,随机等分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复18只。第Ⅰ组为对照组,第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为免疫抑制组,对第Ⅱ~Ⅴ组鸡在试验第5、6、7 d进行腿部肌肉注射80 mg/kgBW环磷酰胺(CTX),第Ⅰ组注射等量生理盐水。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮(维生素E含量44.59 mg/kg),Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加50、100、200 mg/kg维生素E。结果显示:①免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),破蛋率显著升高(P<0.05)。基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg维生素E显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但仍低于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);显著降低料蛋比和破蛋率(P<0.05)。②免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位显著降低(P<0.05),蛋形指数和蛋黄颜色无显著改变(P>0.05);50 mg/kg维生素E添加量显著提高免疫抑制产蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和哈氏单位(P<0.05),与对照组Ⅰ无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,免疫抑制显著降低产蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质;基础日粮中添加维生素E对免疫抑制蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质具有明显的调控效应,且以50 mg/kg添加量效果较好。     

日粮维生素水平对生长期蛋鸡影响的研究

选用4因素3水平正交试验设计，研究日粮维生素A、D3、E对生长期蛋鸡的影响。结果如下：6周末体重随VE水平的提高而提高，但差异不显著。14周末体重受VE的显著影响。高水平（100mg／kg）组显著大于低水平（10mg／kg）组与中水平（40mg／kg）组（P＜0．01），中、低水平之间差异不显著。血清新城疫抗体效价随VA水平的提高而显著提高（P＜0．05）。高水平VA和高水平VE组合组显著高于其它组（P＜0．05）。胫骨中的钙含量随VA水平的提高显著提高（P＜0．01）。VD3对体重、抗体滴度和胫骨Ca含量无显著影响。     

维生素A和维生素E水平对北京鸭前期生产性能的影响

本试验采用5×2完全随机试验设计,5个维生素A(VA)添加水平(0、2500、5000、10000IU/kg和15000IU/kg),2个维生素E(VE)添加水平10mg/kg和100mg/kg,360只1日龄北京鸭随机分为10个处理组,研究不同水平VA、VE对北京鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明,VA的添加可显著提高北京鸭生长前期的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.01);对料肉比的影响差异不显著(P0.05),VE水平对北京鸭前期生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);建议北京鸭生长前期VA的适宜添加量为5000～10000IU/kg,VE为10mg/kg。     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E on performance,health, and humoral immune response of beef cattle

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of dietary vitamin E on receiving performance and health and on finishing performance of beef cattle. One hundred twenty beef steers (Exp. 1; initial BW = 173 kg) and 200 beef heifers (Exp. 2; initial BW = 204 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three treatment diets formulated to supply 285, 570, or 1,140 IU/animal daily of supplemental vitamin E during the receiving period. Average daily gain, gain:feed, and DMI were calculated every 14 d, with pen as the experimental unit. Morbidity and retreatment data were analyzed using a nonparametric procedure. After the receiving period, cattle were assigned to a grazing period followed by a finishing program and fed until slaughter. In Exp. 3, 17 beef steers were used to evaluate effects of the same three vitamin E levels on humoral immune response to an ovalbumin vaccine given on d 0 and 14. Jugular blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, and 21. In Exp. 1, vitamin E did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG, DMI, or gain:feed for d 0 to 14, 14 to 28, or 0 to 28. No effects were noted for percentage of morbidity; however, cattle receiving 1,140 IU/d had a numerically (P = 0.15) lower incidence of retreatment. During the 91-d finishing phase, a quadratic effect (P < 0.08) was noted for DMI, ADG, backfat thickness, longissimus muscle area, and yield grade. In Exp. 2, a tendency for a linear (P = 0.10) increase in ADG was observed for the first 14 d of receiving; however, ADG decreased linearly (P = 0.06) with vitamin E concentration thereafter. For the 28-d period, ADG and DMI did not differ among treatments, but gain:feed decreased linearly (P < 0.05) for d 14 to 28 and for d 0 to 28. No effects on percentage morbidity were noted in Exp. 2, and no differences were detected for ADG, gain:feed, or DMI for the 98-d finishing period. There was a linear increase in yield grade (P < 0.05) and a linear (P < 0.08) decrease in longissimus muscle area with increasing vitamin E. Heifers receiving 570 IU of vitamin E during the receiving period tended to have a higher (P < 0.09) dressing percentage at slaughter. In Exp. 3, no significant differences were detected in serum IgG titers to ovalbumin on d 0, 7 or 14; however, on d 21, a linear increase (P = 0.07) in serum IgG titers was noted with supplemental vitamin E. Supplemental vitamin E had limited effects on performance; however, effects on humoral immune response and recovery from respiratory disease warrant further research.     

桑枝叶提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响

为研究桑枝叶提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响,试验选择47周龄体重相近、健康、采食正常的罗曼粉蛋鸡324只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复27只鸡。对照组(试验Ⅰ组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.8%的桑枝叶提取物,预试期7d,试验期64d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的桑枝叶提取物均可显著降低蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期的次蛋率(P<0.05),降低比例分别为27.08%、54.87%和58.48%,显著提高蛋壳厚度(P<0.05);(2)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.4%和0.8%桑枝叶提取物可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期的产蛋率、日采食量和蛋黄颜色(P<0.05),其中蛋黄颜色指数分别增加12.95%和15.81%,同时可显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05),较对照组分别降低3.31%和4.55%;(3)随着桑枝叶提取物添加量的提高鸡蛋哈氏单位和蛋黄重均有逐渐增加的趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加0.4%和0.8%的桑枝叶提取物可提高蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期的总体生产性能,并对鸡蛋品质有一定的改善作用。     

Effects of supplemental biotin during gestation and lactation on reproductive performance of sows: a cooperative study

A cooperative experiment to evaluate biotin addition to sow diets was conducted at three research stations using 303 litters. Primiparous and multiparous sows (overall average parity 2.8) were fed a 14% CP corn-soybean meal diet (140 micrograms/kg biotin), with or without supplemental biotin (330 micrograms added biotin per kg feed), throughout gestation and lactation. As many sows as possible were fed their respective diets through three successive parities. During gestation, sows were given from 1.82 to 2.27 kg of feed per day, depending on environmental conditions; during lactation sows had ad libitum access to feed. Supplemental biotin had no effect (P greater than .35) on sow weights at breeding, at d 109 of gestation, at farrowing or at weaning. No differences were found in litter size at birth (P greater than .18), but at d 21 of lactation, sows fed the diet containing supplemental biotin had larger litters than sows fed the unsupplemented diet (9.4 vs 8.7 pigs, respectively; P = .01). Pig weights at birth and d 21 of lactation were not affected (P greater than .20) by dietary treatment. Biotin supplementation did not affect (P greater than .28) the length of the interval from weaning to estrus. No evidence was found that feet cracks or bruises were reduced by biotin supplementation. The results indicate that biotin supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet during gestation and lactation increased the number of pigs at d 21 of lactation, but it did not decrease the incidence of foot lesions.     

不同补饲标准对天祝白牦牛母牛繁殖性能的影响

冷季母牦牛采用补饲+保温措施能起到减损保膘、降低成畜死亡率、提高繁殖成活率、所产犊牛6月龄日增重快的效果,试验确定了不同补饲量.结果表明:冷季母牦牛日补饲青干草1.5 kg、精料0.25 kg以上组在减损保膘、成畜死亡率、繁殖成活率、犊牛初生重、6月龄体重、日增重等方面比补草组Ⅲ组和不补饲组Ⅳ组均有极显著提高.效益分析:总效益Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别高2 580元、11 055元、17 822元,头均增效益Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别高129.0元、553.1元、891.1元,差异均极显著(P<0.01).     

换羽期日粮维生素水平对蛋鸡强制换羽效果的影响

432只产蛋率为49.5%的60周龄的海兰褐商品蛋鸡随机分为3个组。开食时,A组(对照组)给予低维生素日粮(VA 3000IU/kg,VE10IU/kg,VD 300IU/kg,VC 20mg/kg,VK4mg/kg,多维20mg/kg);B组给予中等维生素日粮(5倍对照);C组给予高维生素日粮(10倍对照)。结果表明,与A组相比,B组、C组达50%产蛋率的试验天数显著(p<0.05)减少;换羽期产蛋率、产蛋量极显著(p<0.01)提高,料蛋比、死亡率和破软蛋率极显著(p<0.01)降低;C组换羽后破软蛋率、换羽后死亡率分别显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.01)降低,且换羽后效益最好,比对照组提高18.13%。     

Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin E during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites, and thermogenesis

Twin-bearing Targhee ewes (Exp. 1, 1 yr, n = 42) and 1,182 single- and twin-bearing whiteface range ewes (Exp. 2, n = 8 experimental units over 2 yr) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of supplemental energy source and level of vitamin E supplement on lamb serum metabolites and thermogenesis (Exp. 1) and on lamb growth (Exp. 2). During late gestation, ewes were individually fed (Exp. 1) or group-fed (Exp. 2) a daily supplement. Supplements were 226 g/ewe of daily safflower seed (DM basis; SS) with either 350 IU/ewe daily (VE) or no added supplemental (VC) vitamin E; or 340 g/ewe daily of a barley-based grain supplement (DM basis; GC) and either VE or VC. One hour postpartum in Exp. 1, twin-born lambs were placed in a 0 degrees C dry cold chamber for 30 min. Lamb rectal temperature was recorded every 60 s and blood samples were taken immediately before and after cold exposure. In Exp. 2, lambs were weighed at birth, at turnout from confinement to spring range (32 d of age +/- 7; turnout), and at weaning (120 d of age +/- 7). Ewes were weighed at turnout and weaning. In Exp. 1, a level of vitamin E x energy source interaction was detected (P < 0.10) for body temperature and change in NEFA and glucose concentrations. Lambs from SSVC ewes had the lowest (P = 0.01) body temperature and had decreased (P = 0.08) NEFA concentration. The SS lambs tended to have decreased (P < 0.11) concentrations of blood urea N (BUN) and thyroxine at 0 min than did lambs born to GC ewes. After 30 min of cold exposure, SS lambs had increased and GC lambs had decreased BUN, triiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine:thyroxine concentrations (P < 0.10). In Exp. 2, kilograms of lamb per ewe at turnout and weaning and lamb survival at weaning were greater (P < 0.07) for GC than SS lambs. Based on the decreased body temperature in SSVC lambs at birth, the greater change in BUN during the cold exposure for SS than GC lambs, and the decreased survival rate for SS than GC lambs, SSVC-supplemented ewes appeared to give birth to lambs with an apparently decreased energetic capacity. This may compromise the ability of the newborn lamb to adapt to extreme environmental conditions.     

不同日粮条件下添加维生素E对蛋种鸡繁殖性能的影响

本试验选择220日龄健康的伊莎父母代种鸡6000羽,随机分为8组,每组8个重复.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为常 规日粮组,分别添加维生素E0、40、180、300 mg/kg;V、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组为非常规基础日粮,分别添加维生素E0、40、180、300 mg/kg.通过8周饲养试验,测定不同剂量的维生素E对蛋种鸡受精率、死胎率、...     

维生素A、E对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

将 2 8只繁殖獭兔随机均分 2组 ,基础日粮相同 ,但试验组在配种前 3天妊娠第 7天于日粮中添加VA8mg/kg、VE10 0mg/kg。结果与对照组相比 :试验组产活仔数提高了 2 0 2 3 %(P <0 0 5 ) ,育成率提高了 6 5 8%(P <0 0 5 ) ,增重速度提高 7 11%(P <0 0 5 )。