Establishment of a Real-time Fluorescent Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever (ASF), which caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, highly contagious disease characterized by high fever. It leads to serious economic losses in pig industry. 3 assemblies of primers and probes targeting were designed to amplify ASFV B646L (p72) gene using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology. The Real-time fluorescent RPA method was established after screening of primers and probes, optimization of reaction conditions, tests of sensitivity, specificity and repeatability. The results showed that the method could detect 10 copies of DNA within 20 min at 39℃. No cross-reaction was found when testing swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus. According to the fluorescence intensity from 5.5×10⁶ to 5.5×10⁰ copies/μL at each time point, the coefficient of variation was 0.38% to 28.30%. In conclusion, this method could be used for the qualitative detection of ASFV pathogen, which might provide technical support for the early diagnosis of ASFV infection in China, and was also of great significance for the development of corresponding control measures.     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA)检测方法的建立

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）感染引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,给养猪业造成了严重的经济损失。本研究利用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）,针对ASFV B646L （p72）基因设计了3组引物和探针,并进行筛选、反应条件优化、灵敏性、特异性和重复性试验,建立了实时荧光RPA方法。结果显示,该方法在39℃、20 min内即可检测10个拷贝的DNA分子,且与猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒均无交叉反应,检测5.5×10⁶至5.5×10⁰拷贝/μL共7个稀释度样品在各时间点的荧光强度,变异系数范围在0.38%~28.30%。该等温、快速扩增方法可用于ASFV的定性检测,为中国ASFV感染的早期诊断提供技术支持,对疫情暴发后相应控制方案的制定具有重要意义。     

Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus from domestic pigs in northern Tanzania during an outbreak in 2013

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Asfarviridae. In this study, molecular diagnosis and characterization of outbreak ASFV in northern Tanzania, was performed on spleen, lymph node, kidney, and heart samples collected in June and July 2013 from domestic pigs that died during a hemorrhagic disease outbreak. Confirmatory diagnosis of ASF was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by partial amplification of B646L gene of ASFV encoding the major capsid protein p72 using PPA1/PPA2 primers. PCR using PPA1/PPA2 primers produced an expected PCR product size, confirming ASF outbreak in northern Tanzania. In addition, nucleotide amplification and sequencing, and phylogenetic reconstruction of the variable 3′-end of the B646L gene and complete E183L gene encoding the inner envelope transmembrane protein p54 showed that the 2013 outbreak ASFV from northern Tanzania were 100 % identical and clustered into ASFV B646L (p72) and E183L (p54) genotype X. Furthermore, the tetrameric amino acid repeats within the central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene coding for the J9L protein had the signature BNBA(BN)₅NA with a single novel tetramer NVDI (repeat code N). The results of the present study confirm an ASF outbreak in northern Tanzania in the year 2013 and show that the present outbreak ASFV is closely related to other ASFV from ticks, warthogs, and domestic pigs previously reported from Tanzania.     

非洲猪瘟病毒无标签重组B602L抗原制备与鉴定

为了获得无标签重组抗原用于非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)抗体检测,本研究将B602L与类弹性蛋白多肽(ELP)基因进行融合表达,利用简单、经济的相变循环(ITC)纯化ELP-B602L融合蛋白,用烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)蛋白酶活性包涵体切除ELP标签,再用ITC回收重组B602L蛋白;用抗体阳性猪血清对重组B602L进行鉴定;以重组B602L蛋白为包被抗原进行ELISA鉴定。结果显示重组大肠杆菌能正确表达ELP-B602L融合蛋白,纯化融合蛋白纯度大于85%;TEV蛋白酶活性包涵体切除ELP标签的效率大于90%,回收的重组B602L蛋白纯度大于90%,能与抗体阳性猪血清反应;以重组B602L蛋白为包被抗原建立的ELISA与抗体阳性血清反应为阳性,与抗体阴性血清反应为阴性,OD450值与血清稀释倍数具有线性相关性。     

非洲猪瘟病毒环介导恒温扩增快速检测技术的建立及应用

本研究基于非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus, ASFV）vp72基因设计引物,建立了能够快速检测非洲猪瘟病毒的环介导恒温扩增技术（loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP）。将LAMP与OIE参考的PCR检测方法进行比较,并且应用LAMP对非洲猪瘟参考实验室提供的非洲猪瘟病毒17个毒株的基因组以及国内收集的50份猪的基因组、30份蜱的基因组进行检测。结果显示,本研究设计的引物具有良好的特异性和敏感性,所建立的LAMP能够成功扩增非洲猪瘟病毒17个毒株的基因组,而野外收集的猪和蜱的基因组检测均为阴性。因此,本研究所建立的方法能够用于非洲猪瘟的快速诊断以及防控。     

非洲猪瘟病毒的分子病原学及致病机理研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的一种烈性传染病,具有急性、高热、高病死率等特征,主要暴发于非洲、东欧国家、俄罗斯及高加索地区。目前,该病缺乏有效的疫苗和治疗方法,给病情爆发地区的养猪业造成严重的影响。ASFV的主要靶细胞是网状内皮细胞和单核-巨噬细胞,造成细胞凋亡,影响宿主的免疫系统,进而表现出相应的疫病特征。ASFV具有基因组较大、基因型较多且易变异等特征。文章主要从分子病原学和致病机理方面对ASFV的研究情况进行综述,为ASF的防控提供理论依据。     

Research Progress on Molecular Etiology and Pathogenesis for African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), characterized by acute feature, high fever, high mortality and other characteristics. ASF mainly outbreaks in African, Eastern Europe countries, Russia and Caucasus region. At present, there are no vaccine available and effective control strategies against ASFV spread, therefore, ASF has a serious impact on the pig industry in the affected countries. The major target cells of the virus are swine reticuloendothelial cells and monocyte-macrophage cells. ASFV can result in apoptosis and affect the host's immune system, and then show the characteristics of the corresponding disease. ASFV has the characteristics of large genome, more genotype and more variability. In this paper, the molecular etiology and pathogenesis of ASFV are reviewed, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of ASF.     

非洲猪瘟病毒微芯片荧光PCR快速检测技术的建立及初步应用

非洲猪瘟缺乏安全有效的疫苗,其防控有赖于及时、准确的诊断和消毒灭源.本研究在对非洲猪瘟病毒(Afri-can swine fever virus,ASFV)B646L基因序列进行分析的基础上设计引物、探针,建立了基于微芯片的ASFV免提取荧光PCR检测技术.特异性试验结果显示,微芯片PCR可用于我国不同地区ASFV毒株...     

一种用于非洲猪瘟病毒检测的PCR方法

基于非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)VP72基因设计引物,建立一种检测非洲猪瘟病毒的PCR方法。应用本研究所建立的方法与OIE参考的方法进行比较,并对参考实验室提供的非洲猪瘟病毒17个分离株的基因组以及本实验室收集的野外样品进行检测。结果显示:本研究设计的引物具有良好的特异性,与猪的其他病原没有交叉反应;其敏感性与OIE参考的方法相当;所建立的PCR方法能够成功扩增非洲猪瘟病毒17个分离株的基因组,野外样品检测均为阴性。根据上述研究结果,本研究所建立的方法具有很好的应用性,能够用于非洲猪瘟疫病的诊断以及防控。     

1株非洲猪瘟病毒自然变异毒株的鉴定

非洲猪瘟(ASF)于2018年传入我国后已流行了2年有余,我国非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)毒株未曾出现较大变异.最近,针对我国ASF疫情放缓以及感染猪出现的低死亡率现象,我们在ASFV生态学研究中,从主动监测的样品中分离到1株源自湖北某地的ASFV自然变异株.经基因组测序发现,其EP402R基因(CD2v)和上游相邻的EP...     

In vitro and in vivo association of African swine fever virus with swine erythrocytes

The association of African swine fever virus (ASFV) with swine erythrocytes in vivo, in high titers, was verified by inoculating 30 pigs with 17 ASFV isolates and assaying their plasma and washed erythrocyte fractions for residual virus. Viral antigens were specifically localized on the surface of in vitro and in vivo swine erythrocytes, using the fluorescent antibody technique and 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for ASFV. The same monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated virus-specific polypeptides of molecular weights 13 kd and 73 kd from ASFV-infected Vero cells. Erythrocytes from viremic swine infected with Lisbon-60, Dominican Republic, Badajoz-M98, or Cameroon isolates of ASFV were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Virus was found in membrane depressions at the surface of erythrocytes. These surface depressions resembled stages of smooth surfaced pits. Erythrocytes from viremic pigs were fragile osmotically.     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

本研究为了建立一套检测非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,根据GenBank公布的23株编码ASFV结构蛋白p72的基因序列,设计引物和探针,优化退火温度、Mg^2＋浓度和引物、探针浓度,生成标准曲线,进行重复性、敏感性、特异性试验,并检测样品。结果显示,优化的退火温度为60 ℃,Mg^2＋终浓度为4 mmol/L,引物、探针终浓度分别为0.8、0.3 μmol/L。重复性试验变异系数均小于1.3%,敏感性试验最低能够检测到10拷贝/μL的质粒,以其他5种猪病病毒和ASFV质粒为模板进行特异性试验,只有ASFV质粒出现扩增曲线。结果表明,建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法是快速、灵敏、特异的检测ASFV的方法。     

非洲猪瘟病原学及单克隆抗体制备技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起猪的高度接触性、传染性、出血性以及高死亡率的传染病。20世纪中期以来,已在非洲、欧洲和美洲等数十个国家流行,并在近几年内蔓延至欧亚两洲接壤处的格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆以及俄罗斯境内,其一旦侵入我国,将会给我国养猪业带来极大的危害。非洲猪瘟病原学研究以及制备相应的单克隆抗体对非洲猪瘟病毒快速诊断技术研究和疫苗研制有着重大的现实意义。主要从病原学和单克隆抗体制备方面对非洲猪瘟的研究进展进行了综述。     

Cartographical analysis of African swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the Russian Federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio

African swine fever (ASF), have been introduced into the Russian Federation from Transcaucasia countries, has spread widely across the territory of the southern region of Russia since 2008. In this work we present an analysis of the spatial and temporal spread of the disease, determine risk factors by means of GIS tools and model the dynamics of the epidemic process both within infected premises (farms) and at the between-farm level to estimate the basic reproduction ratio R(0). The analysis allowed us to make a conclusion about the anthropogenic nature of the risk factors for disease spread. The major significant risk factors identified were: density of the road network, density of domestic swine population and density of water bodies in the study area. The basic reproduction ratio was estimated to range from 2 to 3 at the between-farm level and from 8 to 11 within the infected farms. These initial studies of the ASF epidemic provide information on which to based control and prevention programs.     

某养殖场的病死野猪ASFV实时荧光PCR检测

为了进一步做好非洲猪瘟疫情防控工作,研究用实时荧光PCR法对武威市某养殖场病死野猪的猪耳朵和猪鼻拭子样品进行了非洲猪瘟病毒检测。结果显示该养殖场病死猪耳样品和猪鼻拭子样品均无Ct值,线形为直线,表明所有被检测样品均为ASFV抗原阴性。研究为严防非洲猪瘟进入威武市奠定了坚实的技术储备,也为威武市非洲猪瘟疫情防控提供了一定参考。     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的研究与评价

根据非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）K205R基因序列设计合成引物及TaqMan探针,通过优化引物浓度、退火温度和Mg²⁺浓度,建立基于K205R基因的ASFV实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR）检测方法。对在猪肝脏组织DNA中掺入重组质粒制备的模拟样品进行扩增来确定所建方法的实际检测效率,并将OIE推荐的基于p72的qPCR调整后作为评价该方法检测效果的对照。试验结果表明,基于K205R基因的检测方法在检测模拟样品时扩增效率要优于基于p72的方法,而且敏感性和特异性强,适用于非洲猪瘟的快速检测、监测。     

基于E184L基因的非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染引起的一种高度接触性传染病。由于ASFV的感染机制极为复杂,基因型多,至今尚无有效疫苗用于防控,防止该病暴发主要依赖于早期快速诊断和控制。为建立一种高效快速、特异的ASFV检测方法,根据ASFV的E184L基因序列,设计了TaqMan荧光定量PCR引物及探针,建立了检测ASFV的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法。结果表明,该方法设计的引物具有高度特异性,以构建的重组质粒为标准品建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法的标准曲线具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.992,对ASFV核酸最低检测限为1.51拷贝,且与伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等不存在交叉反应。建立的基于ASFV E184L基因实时荧光定量PCR检测方法能够快速、准确、特异地对ASFV核酸进行定量分析,丰富了ASFV的检测方法。     

非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测技术与应用进展

自2018年8月以来,非洲猪瘟已成为我国养猪业的头号疫病,对养猪业造成了巨大损失。基于聚合酶链式反应(PCR)的核酸检测方法具有高灵敏性和高特异性,在对非洲猪瘟的诊断、感染监控和养殖复产过程中生物安全评价等方面发挥了重要的作用。文章对常用的核酸检测技术与特点、非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测方法的应用、核酸检测新技术展望3个方面进行了总结,以期为养猪企业在非洲猪瘟核酸检测和监测方面提供帮助。     

Swine leukocyte antigen and macrophage marker expression on both African swine fever virus-infected and non-infected primary porcine macrophage cultures.

Swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) and a macrophage specific marker were monitored on porcine macrophages cultured with or without macrophage colony stimulatory factor (M-CSF) and on cells infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV). SLA expression was maximal either in the total cell extract or on the cell surface at 3-4 days of culture; after 4 days these values began to decrease. Fluorescence analyses of immunostained macrophages cultured with or without M-CSF indicated a major upward shift in the number of SLA Class I molecules on individual macrophages whereas for SLA Class II both a novel expression of Class II and an upward shift in the number of molecules per cell were evident. Infection of 3-day-old macrophage cultures with three different isolates of ASFV resulted in minor changes in surface expression of SLA Class I, SLA Class II, and macrophage markers. No differences in infection with ASFV was observed whether macrophages were SLA Class II positive or negative, nor was there blocking by anti-SLA Class I or Class II monoclonal antibodies of ASFV infection of cultured macrophages.     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)P72基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物和探针,使用含有选定检测序列的重组质粒标准品绘制标准曲线,建立了非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明:该方法的敏感性可达100个拷贝值,具有良好的敏感性和重复性。