EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy

Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.     

非小细胞肺癌中MAGE-3蛋白的Western Blot分析

目的：观察黑素瘤抗原-3(MAGE-3)蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达。方法：用Western blot方法对3种人肺癌细胞系和56例NSCLC标本及相邻正常肺组织标本MAGE-3蛋白的表达情况进行研究。结果：3种人肺癌细胞系均表达MAGE-3蛋白;56例NSCLC标本中,28你表达MAGE-3蛋白,而相邻正常肺组织均不表达MAGE-3蛋白。结论：MAGE-3蛋白在NSCLC中有较高比率的表达．有望以该抗原作为适宜靶点对NSCLC患者进行免疫治疗。     

Host resistance to lung infection mediated by major vault protein in epithelial cells

The airway epithelium plays an essential role in innate immunity to lung pathogens. Ribonucleoprotein particles primarily composed of major vault protein (MVP) are highly expressed in cells that encounter xenobiotics. However, a clear biologic function for MVP is not established. We report here that MVP is rapidly recruited to lipid rafts when human lung epithelial cells are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and maximal recruitment is dependent on bacterial binding to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. MVP was also essential for optimal epithelial cell internalization and clearance of P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that MVP makes a substantial contribution to epithelial cell-mediated resistance to infection.     

Ca2＋信号通路对本氏烟叶位介导的核盘菌抗性的影响

组合采用药理学、分子生物学和反向遗传学等技术,分析叶位对本氏烟抗核盘菌( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的影响及其机制。结果表明,叶位显著影响本氏烟对核盘菌的抗性,随着叶位自上而下,该抗性逐渐增强。药理学分析结果显示,Ca2＋通道抑制剂 LaCl3和 NaVO3处理消除了本氏烟叶片对核盘菌抗性的叶位间差异。定量反转录聚合酶链反应检测结果显示,3个 Ca2＋信号通路基因 NbCNGC20、NbCA M TA3和 NbCML1在本氏烟不同叶位叶片中的表达存在显著差异,随着叶位自上而下逐渐增加。病毒诱导的基因沉默( virus‐induced gene silencing ,VIGS)分析结果表明,钙调素类似蛋白基因 NbCML1的沉默导致叶位介导的本氏烟对核盘菌抗病性的丧失。这些结果说明叶位对本氏烟抗核盘菌具有显著影响,揭示了包括 NbCML1基因在内的 Ca2＋信号通路对叶位介导的核盘菌抗性的重要调控作用。     

水杨酸诱导烟草抗TMV作用的研究

SA喷雾处理烟草叶片可诱导烟草获得对TMV的抗性.用不同浓度的SA溶液处理心叶烟(Nicotiana glutinosa)以测定其抑制病斑的最佳浓度,并测定烟草品种K326(N.tabacum)体内防御酶系变化.结果表明:8 mmol/L SA病斑抑制效果最好,抑制率达到57.14%,SA在心叶烟上的防效在诱导处理后7d达到最佳.同时,SA处理可导致烟草品种K326叶片的PAL、POD、SOD活性不同程度提高,表明SA可诱导烟草对TMV的抗性,提高烟草的免疫能力.     

水稻空间诱变育种抗稻瘟病研究进展

空间诱变育种抗病性研究正越来越受到重视,我国利用空间诱变育种技术,已选育出一些抗稻瘟病新品种和新抗源.文章对水稻空间诱变稻瘟病抗性变异特点及空间诱变抗稻瘟病育种成果,以及空间诱变稻瘟病抗性变异机理的研究进展进行了综述,并对水稻空间诱变育种抗稻瘟病的研究前景进行了展望.     

Heterologous expression of the glucose oxidase gene in Trichoderma atroviride leads enhanced ability to attack phytopathogenic fungi and induction of plant systemic disease resistance

A transgenic strain of Trichoderma atroviride that expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene goxA under a homologous pathogen-inducible promoter (nag1) has been constructed, with the aim of increasing the ability of this biocontrol agent (BCA) to attack phytopathogenic fungi and enhance plant systemic disease resistance. The sporulation and growth rate of the transgenic progenies were similar to the wild-type strain P1. goxA expression occurred immediately after contact with the p…     

体细胞突变体HX—3对水稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传

采用离体筛选技术，从感白叶枯病的恢复系明恢63的体细胞突变后代中获得抗病突变体HX-3。对HX-3的白叶枯病抗性遗传进行了研究。结果表明，HX-3对水稻白叶枯病的抗性能够稳定遗传，且为全生育期抗性，其抗性由一对显性单基因控制；HX-3与具有不同抗病基因的抗白叶枯病近等基因系CBB2（Xa-2)、CBB3(Xa-3)、CBB4（Xa-4)、CBB7(Xa-7)、CBB12（Xa-12)和IRBB21（Xa-21）间的等位性分析表明，HX-3的抗病基因与Xa-2、Xa-3、Xa-4、Xa-7、Xa-12、Xa-21不等位。     

拟南芥复制因子C亚基3基因突变削弱了植物对紫外辐射的抗性

在前期以EMS (甲基磺酸乙酯)筛选更多抗生物和非生物逆境的突变体试验中,发现了1个从G到A的点突变体rfc3-1,该点突变削弱了植株抗紫外辐射的能力.将野生型拟南芥复制因子C亚基3基因转化到突变株rfc3-1后恢复了突变株的野生型表型,证明紫外辐射抗性异常表型是由拟南芥复制因子C亚基3基因突变所引起的,AtRFC3在拟南芥紫外辐射抗性中起重要作用.     

Peroxidase and resistance to ceratocystis in sweet potato increased by volatile materials

Increased peroxidase activity and resistance to black rot was found in sweet potato roots incubated above infected roots in closed containers when compared with similar tissue incubated above uninfected roots. The peroxidase increases were detected in unpurified extracts and in extracts subjected to gel electrophoresis.     

枝条浸泡法鉴定番茄抗青枯病研究

采用枝条浸泡菌液法鉴定番茄品种对青枯病的抗性,并对影响鉴定结果的因素进行了研究。结果表明,菌液浓度以1×106～1×107cfu/mL、苗龄以38～48d、浸泡时间以6～12d为宜。该方法可以有效地鉴定番茄品种的抗性,有利于抗病基因鉴定时的取材保证,对抗性植株的快速鉴定及其幼苗的早期快速鉴定具有重要意义。     

Physiological mechanisms involved in resistance to cotton verticillium wilt induced by AM fungi

It was proved that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi played an important role in increasing plant resistance to soilborne pathogens, especially when plants were pre-inoculated with AM fungi. Mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet well understood. On the basis of the former experiment results in our lab, effects of AM fungi on cotton Verticillium wilt and the mechanisms of increasing disease resisitance by the tested fungi were studied in pot culture under greenhouse conditions. …     

生物源激发子诱导马铃薯抗真菌病害研究进展

诱导植物抗病是近几年植物保护研究的热点,国内外学者进行了大量而富有成效的工作,为马铃薯真菌病害生物防治开辟了新途径.有效且无毒无害生物源激发子的筛选为探讨诱导抗性的方法和机理奠定了基础.结合本实验室的初步工作,介绍了诱导抗马铃薯真菌病害的生物源激发子的筛选、诱抗效果及诱抗机制等方面的研究进展状况,并阐述了诱导抗马铃薯真菌病害研究前景.     

酶抑制剂与杀虫剂混配对黄曲条跳甲抗药性的抑制作用

研究了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、胡椒基丁醚(PB)和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)3种酶抑制剂对黄曲条跳甲Phyllotretastriolata的杀虫剂敏感性的影响.结果表明:TPP对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈和阿维菌素均有显著增效作用;除对敌敌畏的增效作用低于PB外,TPP对其余6种杀虫剂的增效作用均高于PB和DEM;PB对甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯,DEM对甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氯氰菊酯的增效比均大于2.0,但PB对甲胺磷、灭多威以及DEM对甲胺磷、敌敌畏的增效作用不显著;PB对氟虫腈和阿维菌素以及DEM对灭多威、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈和阿维菌素的增效作用较低或不明显;辛硫磷、毒死蜱和氟虫腈对黄曲条跳甲的毒力远大于甲胺磷、敌敌畏、灭多威、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯.分别采用辛硫磷、毒死蜱和氟虫腈与氰戊菊酯或氯氰菊酯混配后的增效作用显著.故采用酶抑制剂与杀虫剂混配可有效抑制黄曲条跳甲对一些杀虫剂的抗性.     

转群体感应淬灭基因attM烟草抗青枯病的研究

自根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)克隆获得attM基因。采用叶盘转化法,农杆菌介导转化烟草,经过卡那霉素抗性筛选获得抗性愈伤组织,对其分化产生的植物株系进行PCR、PCR-Southern和荧光定量PCR及GUS染色检测分析。结果表明:attM基因被成功插入烟草基因组DNA中。在转基因株系中均能够表达,相对表达量最大可达125.8,最小为31.0。以野生型烟草和转pBI121空载体的烟草为对照,分别进行了离体及活体检测试验,结果表明:转attM基因烟草植株对茄科雷尔氏菌引起的青枯病抗性显著。1×107～1×108CFU.mL-1的青枯菌接种离体叶片,野生型烟草和转pBI121空载体的烟草的中毒面积与接种面积比值为15～25,转基因植株的比值低于3;青枯菌3×106CFU.mL-1伤根接种盆栽烟草植株14d,野生株和转空载体烟草均青枯死亡,病情指数为100,转基因植株病情指数为31.25。     

An essential signaling role for the m3G cap in the transport of U1 snRNP to the nucleus

The major small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4 + U6, and U5 have to be transported from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized, to the nucleus, where they splice pre-messenger RNAs. Since the free core snRNP proteins in the cytoplasm do not enter the nucleus on their own, the nuclear location signal must either reside on the snRNA or be created as a result of snRNA-protein interaction. Here the involvement by the 5'-terminal cap of snRNA molecules in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of UsnRNPs has been studied by microinjection of synthetic U1 RNA molecules into frog oocytes; the U1 RNA bore either the normal cap (m3G) or a chemical derivative. Antibodies in the cytoplasm against the m3G cap inhibited the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNP. U1 RNA that was uncapped or contained an unnatural ApppG cap did not enter the nucleus, even though it carried a normal complement of protein molecules. When the ribose ring of the m3G cap was oxidized with periodate, nuclear transport of U1 snRNPs was severely inhibited. Finally, microinjection of m3G cap alone (but not m7G cap) into oocytes severely inhibited the transport of U1 snRNPs to the nucleus. These data suggest that one step in the nuclear uptake of U1 snRNPs involves the m3G cap structure.     

植物抗软腐病基因工程的策略及研究进展

通过基因工程的手段提高植物对软腐病的抗性已被认为是一条切实可行的途径。目前已有大量研究证实,利用植物与病原菌互作的相关基因、病原菌致病性的相关基因以及杀菌肽基因可以或有望提高植物对软腐病的抗性。文章对以上几个方面及相关的抗软腐病基因工程的一些策略与研究进展进行了论述。     

Hematopoietic histoincompatibility reactions by NK cells in vitro: model for genetic resistance to marrow grafts

In certain strains of mice, bone marrow grafts from parental donors fail to grow in first-generation hybrid mice. This "hybrid resistance" of nonsensitized F1 hybrid mice to the engraftment of parental hematopoietic transplants contradicts the classical laws of transplantation and is dependent on a radioresistant but immunogenetically specific effector mechanism. Studies in a new in vitro model reveal that committed hematopoietic precursors of parental origin can be inactivated by direct contact with natural killer-like splenic effectors from F1 mice. The reaction requires genetically restricted recognition, since only parental competitors syngeneic to the target bone marrow cells partially reversed this inactivation. Models of this type may be useful in studying the possible role of natural resistance in bone marrow transplantation in humans.     

水杨酸诱导不结球白菜抗黑斑病机制的探讨

以不结球白菜感黑斑病品种短白梗为材料,于两叶一心期用05mmol·L-1水杨酸(SA)进行叶面喷雾处理,用半定量RT-PCR技术检测叶片中Bcchi、BcPR4、BcAF基因的表达变化,并在SA处理后24 h接种甘蓝链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicicola),研究抗病相关物质的变化,以探讨SA 诱导的抗病机制.结果表明,SA喷雾处理后显著诱导了BcAF、BcPR4、Bcchi在短白梗中的表达;接种后,经SA处理的短白梗中,48 h前SOD活性、12 h后POD活性、48 h前PPO活性和0～12 h与84 h后H2O2含量均高于未经处理的,而CAT活性在处理36h后低于未经处理的.用SA 对短白梗进行喷雾处理可明显降低其病情指数,表明SA诱导系统获得性抗性在提高黑斑病抗性方面起到重要作用.