章古台沙地长白松与欧洲赤权引种试验初报

长白松与欧洲赤松引种到章古台地区造林４年后，其成活率、保存率及树高、地径生长量均小于同龄樟子松。但长白松保存率与樟子松较为接近，且相对稳定，生长发育良好，在章古台地区初步表现出一定的稳定性与适应性；而欧洲赤松虽能正常生长发育，但保存率较低，抗旱适应能力稍差。     

章古台沙地长白松与欧洲赤松引种试验初报

长白松与欧洲赤松引种到章古台地区造林 4年后 ,其成活率、保存率及树高、地径生长量均小于同龄樟子松。但长白松保存率与樟子松较为接近 ,且相对稳定 ,生长发育良好 ,在章古台地区初步表现出一定的稳定性与适应性 ;而欧洲赤松虽能正常生长发育 ,但保存率较低 ,抗旱适应能力稍差     

清原地区引种欧洲赤松造林试验初报

为了丰富辽东山区的造林树种，在辽宁省清原地区进行了欧洲赤松的引种栽培试验，结果表明，13年生欧洲赤松的树高、胸径分别为9.9m，6.3cm，均高于樟子松，红松，与长白落叶松之间的差异不显，说明欧洲赤松在清原地区已经引种成功，可以扩大栽培。     

欧洲赤松引种试验初报

树木引种驯化在林业发展中,始终具有较强的魅力。这是由于一个优良的树种,理性地引入一个地区后,所带来的良性变化决定的。欧洲赤松生长快、抗性强、耐干旱瘠薄、耐高寒。我们从80代即开始了国内外松属植物的引种工作,其中欧洲赤松(pinusdensiflorasieb·etzucc)是较为成功的一例。本文实录了20余年赤松引种驯化情况,以供同行们参考。     

欧洲赤松引种初报

湖北省西部山区引种欧洲赤松不同种源,10年生长量调查表明,比当地华山松和油松快0.5倍左右,且适应性强,是该山区一个潜在的新造林树种。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

班克松,欧洲云杉引种试验初报

前言班克松(Pinus banksiana Lamb.)为松科松属,常绿乔木。原产北美中部以北,广泛分布于加拿大,是美洲松科树种分布最北的一种。欧洲云杉(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)又称挪威云杉,为松科云杉属,常绿乔木。原产欧洲中北部,分布于欧洲的14个国家和地区。班克松材质较脆,可作为建筑用材和纸浆材等。吉林省长春市净月潭引种的班克松30年生时,最大树高可达10.2m,胸径可达20cm,具有一定的速生性。欧洲云杉材质较轻,纹理直易加工,可     

针叶树引种育苗与造林技术研究简述

中国三北 0 0 9项目办公室从 1990～ 1999年先后引种了 2 0种针叶树进行育苗造林试验。初步选出了班克松、长白松、沙地云杉和欧洲赤松等 4种针叶树可以在科尔沁沙地进行扩大造林 ;选出了青山、高峰等 6种樟子松优良地理种源。同时 ,引进推广了留床截根育苗和硬塑料容器育苗技术。试验认为 ,科尔沁沙地主要应该从北美洲半干旱半湿润地区引种针叶树 ;试验还认为 ,美国兰云杉、小干松、铅笔柏和洛基山园柏应该继续进行引种观察     

Susceptibility of four conifer species to Gremmeniella abietina

G. abietina causes severe dieback in pole-stage stands of Scots pine in Britain. The susceptibility of ll provenances of Scots pine and of three other conifer species was tested by inoculations. Significant differences in susceptibility were found amongst Scots pine provenances, with those originating from a native Scottish pinewood at Loch Maree showing the highest levels of disease. Corsican pine was shown to be the most susceptible species tested although sporulation was greatest on Scots pine. Norway spruce was also shown to be susceptible when inoculated late in the growing season. Infection in lodgepole pine was negligible. High levels of β-phellandrene were tentatively linked with resistance among trees in a single stand of Scots pine.     

Effect of wood ash fertilization on soil chemical properties and stand nutrient status and growth of some coniferous stands in Finland

The effects of wood ash or wood ash plus nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil chemical properties, needle nutrient concentrations and tree growth were studied in five coniferous stands, aged 31–75 yrs, after 5 and 10 yrs. In each experiment 3 t ha^?1 of loose wood ash was applied to three replicated plots (30×30 m). In three of the experiments 120–150 kg N ha^?1 was applied together with the same wood ash (WAN). These three experiments also included a stand-specific fertilization (SSF) treatment, which consisted of 120, 150 or 180 kg N ha^?1. Five years after wood ash or WAN application the pH increase in the humus layer was 1–1.7 pH-units and in the 0–5 cm mineral soil layer 0.3–0.4 pH-units. The increase was approximately the same 10 yrs after application, and was also associated with an increase in pH in the 5–10 cm mineral soil layer. Wood ash or WAN significantly increased both the total and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations in the humus layer on all the sites. Wood ash or WAN had an increasing effect on the boron concentrations, but a decreasing effect on the manganese concentrations in the needles. Wood ash had no significant effect on the volume growth. The trees on the WAN plots grew as well as or slightly better than those on the SSF plots.     

Soil animals and nitrogen mineralization under sand-fixation plantations in Zhanggutai region,China

The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen （N） mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals-m^-2. There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g：m^-2·a^-1, 3.68 g·m^-2·a^-1 and 4.16 g·m^-2·a^-1, respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was： middle-age forest without grazing 〈 middle-age forest with grazing 〈 near-mature forest with grazing （P〈0.05）. Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.     

Distribution and yield of biomass from young Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies stands on drained and fertilized peatland

Above‐ground biomass has been measured on fertilized and control plots up to stand age 31 years. Each biomass fraction was estimated by two statistically coupled linear models with squared diameter at breast height as independent variable. All fractions except reproductive structures of pine and dead branches of spruce were estimated at high precision levels, R. between 0.93 and 0.99. The above‐ground biomass fractions per hectare could be precisely described by stem volume with bark. Application of the models for prognostic purposes is discussed. Annual above‐ground net biomass production in pine increased from 2.05 to 4.34 MT d.m./ha‐yr on control plots over 11 years, while plots given complete fertilizer mixture ranged from 6.75 to 9.09. Spruce stands with a nearly optimum water relationship and fertilizer programmes yielded from 9.50 to 11.86 MT d.m./ha‐yr. The combination of energy and timber production in highly productive peatland stands is discussed.     

Long-term effects of stump harvesting on soil properties and tree growth in Scots pine and Norway spruce stands

Abstract

Effects of stump harvesting on the properties of surface soil and on the density, structure and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands were estimated in a field trial in western Finland. The experiment was established in 1977 and measured in 2010. Stems and logging residues were harvested after clear-cutting, and stumps were lifted and removed from half of the experimental area. Sixteen plots were planted with pine seedlings and 16 with spruce. The main effects of stump harvesting were improved survival of planted trees and an increase in natural regeneration. No clearly negative effects were noted in the stand development. Stump harvesting had no or minimal effects on the properties of the organic layer and those of the 0- to 10-cm mineral-soil layer. Soil properties did not differ between tree species. Pine production was higher on plots with stump removal compared to plots without soil treatment.     

章古台沙地赤松天然更新的初步研究

通过2年的野外调查与比较分析,认为在章古台沙地赤松天然更新是可行的。天然更新方式有3种,即林下更新、林隙更新和林缘更新。天然更新幼树在空间上呈带状、群团状分布;更新幼树年龄在时间上是连续的,降水量大的2004、2005、2008年更新幼树相对较多;更新幼树密度为20 300~100 000株.hm-2。赤松林缘天然更新幼树长势要好于林隙,林隙要好于林下。所以,要充分利用各种条件,进行天然更新和人工促进天然更新。     

章古台地区不同密度樟子松人工林衰退情况分析

针对科尔沁沙地东南缘章古台地区的樟子松引种固沙林出现大面积衰退,甚至死亡现象,在该地区樟子松林中选择不同密度的样地进行调查分析。结果表明:樟子松的衰退与林分密度呈正相关;林木的胸径随林分密度的增加而减小,林木的枯死株数、枯梢病感病指数随密度的增加而增加。综合来看,章古台地区樟子松初植密度应控制在1700株hm^-2以下,并应根据生长情况对林木进行疏伐作业,在近熟龄之前将林分密度降至700株hm^-2左右比较适宜。     

章古台沙地油松天然更新的初步研究

通过2年的野外调查与比较分析,认为在章古台沙地油松天然更新是可能的.天然更新方式有2种:林隙更新;林缘更新.天然更新幼树在空间上呈带状、群团状分布,一般分布在距母树树冠投影以外的东北方向;更新幼树年龄在时间上一般是不连续的,主要集中在年降水量大的2004、2005、2008年;每100 m2更新幼树57～139株.油松...     

The occurrence and pathogenicity of uni- and binucleate Rhizoctonia and Pythiaceae fungi among conifer seedlings in Finnish forest nurseries

Uni- and binucleate Rhizoctonia and Pythiaceae fungi were isolated from roots of dieback seedlings. Only binucleate Rhizoctonia strains were present in the roots of healthy seedlings. In pathogenicity tests, uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp. were pathogenic and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. non-pathogenic. Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Phytophthora undulata were the only Pythiaceae fungi that killed 12-week-old seedlings.     

辽宁省章古台引种樟子松造林研究

辽宁省章古台于1955年引种樟子松进行治沙造林试验。在50多年引种栽培过程中,樟子松经受了环境条件的巨大变化,引起生理机能与生长发育规律的改变,出现旺盛生长期提前且缩短、提早衰弱、水分亏缺、感染枯梢病等不稳定因素。通过选育优良种源,选择优良无性系,降低造林和经营密度,营造混交林,提早打除底侧枝,防止枯梢病发生等措施,改善与提高了引种造林技术。通过对樟子松的引种造林,章固台地区生态系统逐渐完善与稳定,在杨树难以成林的干旱沙丘的中上部形成了固沙林生态系统,构成了典型的沙地造林模式。