哮喘患者12号染色体微卫星不稳定性和杂合性丢失的研究

目的了解广东湛江地区哮喘患者12号染色体微卫星不稳定性（microsatellite instability,MSI）及杂合性丢失（loss of heterozygosity,LOH）情况。方法采用PCR、聚丙烯凝胶电泳及硝酸银染色法对30例哮喘患者和30例健康对照者外周血及痰液DNA中12q13.11-24.31上10个微卫星位点进行检测。结果健康对照者未发现任何微卫星改变现象。30例哮喘患者中,8例（26.7%）患者痰液DNA有一个或多个位点发生微卫星改变（包括MSI和LOH）。结论湛江地区哮喘患者痰液DNA中12号染色体上可检测到MSI和LOH现象。微卫星改变可能与哮喘之间存在一定的相关性,MSI和LOH可能在哮喘发病机制中起一定的作用。     

GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys

Human cerebral cortical function degrades during old age. Much of this change may result from a degradation of intracortical inhibition during senescence. We used multibarreled microelectrodes to study the effects of electrophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA type a (GABAa) receptor agonist muscimol, and the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, respectively, on the properties of individual V1 cells in old monkeys. Bicuculline exerted a much weaker effect on neuronal responses in old than in young animals, confirming a degradation of GABA-mediated inhibition. On the other hand, the administration of GABA and muscimol resulted in improved visual function. Many treated cells in area V1 of old animals displayed responses typical of young cells. The present results have important implications for the treatment of the sensory, motor, and cognitive declines that accompany old age.     

Increased Wnt signaling during aging alters muscle stem cell fate and increases fibrosis

The regenerative potential of skeletal muscle declines with age, and this impairment is associated with an increase in tissue fibrosis. We show that muscle stem cells (satellite cells) from aged mice tend to convert from a myogenic to a fibrogenic lineage as they begin to proliferate and that this conversion is mediated by factors in the systemic environment of the old animals. We also show that this lineage conversion is associated with an activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in aged myogenic progenitors and can be suppressed by Wnt inhibitors. Furthermore, components of serum from aged mice that bind to the Frizzled family of proteins, which are Wnt receptors, may account for the elevated Wnt signaling in aged cells. These results indicate that the Wnt signaling pathway may play a critical role in tissue-specific stem cell aging and an increase in tissue fibrosis with age.     

年龄对非妊娠母马垂体促性腺激素细胞形态计测学的影响

利用免疫组织化学和形态计测学的方法,在繁殖季节测量不同年龄非妊娠母马垂体促性腺激素细胞的数量和直径结果:非妊娠母马垂体促性腺激素细胞的直径伴随着年龄的增长而增大,但达到老年后却减小;非妊娠老年母马的FSH细胞数目显著地高于幼年、青年和中年母马(P<0. 05),而老年母马LH细胞的数目则显著地低于其它年龄的母马(P<0. 05)。结果表明:非妊娠母马垂体促性腺细胞大小及数量与年龄的变化有关。     

犬子宫肌瘤的病理学研究

子宫肌瘤是人类女性生殖器官最常见和多发的良性肿瘤,而在动物中很少见.我们动物医院接诊了一个病犬,经过病理学研究证明为子宫肌瘤.原因可能是老龄阶段的狗,由于遗传因素、内分泌失调、微量元素缺乏、炎症或创伤等因素,引起子宫的未分化细胞,演变成肌瘤细胞,形成子宫肌瘤.     

放疗后复发鼻咽癌微卫星不稳定和杂合性缺失改变的研究

目的比较放疗后复发鼻咽癌（NPC）与初诊NPC中染色体微卫星不稳定（MSI）和杂合性缺失（LOH）发生情况。方法选择1p、3p、3q、4q、9q、11q、13q、14q的12个微卫星多态性位点,显微切割分离22例初诊和18例放疗后复发NPC组织和正常组织,提取DNA,经PCR扩增及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和硝酸银染色,进行MSI及LOH分析研究。结果（1）8个位点发生了LOH：复发癌与初诊癌相比,LOH发生率在D1S2697位点为28.6%比20.0%,在D13S133位点为30.0%比20.0%,在D9S1682位点为7.7%比9.1%;D5S433和D14S65位点只在复发癌中发生LOH,分别为33.3%和6.7%;D13S263、D4S350、D14S258位点只在初诊癌发生LOH,分别为20.0%、33.3%、16.6%。（2）11个位点发生了MSI：4个位点在复发癌和初诊癌中都发生MSI,4个位点只在复发癌中发生MSI,3个位点只在初诊癌中发生MSI。结论 D1S2697、D13S133、D5S433位点可能含有与放疗后复发NPC相关的肿瘤抑制基因,放疗后复发NPC中MSI发生率呈增高趋势,提示部分放疗后复发NPC与原发癌可能属不同细胞克隆起源。     

桂科育成猪血常规指标的测定分析

[目的]检测桂科育成猪的血常规指标,明确不同功能细胞(红细胞、白细胞和血小板)的数量变化及形态分布情况,为桂科猪的免疫评估与抗病性能研究提供基础数据.[方法]于49日龄起每周对44头桂科育成猪(公母各半)采血1次,连续采样7周,测定其血常规指标,并与长白猪和恩施黑猪的血常规指标进行比较分析.[结果]在桂科育成猪不同日龄的红细胞类检测指标中,红细胞计数(RBC)和血红蛋白含量(HGB)均在70日龄达最低值(6.85× l012/L和97.1 g/L),显著低于49、56、63、84和91日龄时的对应值(P<0.05,下同);平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)的变化规律基本一致,均在70日龄达最低值(15.11 pg和275.70 g/L)、91日龄达最高值(16.40 pg和314.30 g/L);红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)和红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)的变化相对较稳定,不同日龄间均无显著差异(P>0.05,下同).在白细胞类检测指标中,白细胞计数(WBC)于63日龄达最低值(13.71×109/L)、84日龄达最高值(17.52×109/L),二者差异显著;中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)在70日龄时达最低值(3.61×109/L),显著低于49和56日龄的对应值.淋巴细胞计数(LYMPH)的变化相对较稳定,受日龄增长的影响不显著.在血小板类检测指标中,血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)及血小板平均分布宽度(PDW)在不同日龄的变化相对较稳定,受日龄增长的影响不显著.与35日龄长白猪和5月龄以上恩施黑猪相比,桂科育成猪除HCT、平均血小板体积(MPV)、PCT和PDW等少数指标表现异常外,其他大部分血常规指标介于长白猪与恩施黑猪血常规指标范围内.[结论]桂科育成猪在血常规指标方面有一定的独特性,发育至49~91日龄时已具备较稳定的免疫系统.     

雄蚕益肾方对迟发性性腺功能低下症大鼠睾丸组织病理变化与超微结构的影响

目的 探讨雄蚕益肾方对迟发性性腺功能低下症（late-onset hypogonadism,LOH）大鼠睾丸组织病理变化和超微结构的影响。方法 采用"退役种鼠（40周龄）+复合情志刺激+孤养"方法,建立LOH大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、睾酮组、雄蚕益肾方组（雄蚕组）,另设立正常对照组（8周龄）,药物干预4周,末次给药后24 h处死动物,检测血清睾酮水平、睾丸指数,分别以光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察睾丸组织的病理变化与超微结构。结果 模型组、睾酮组、雄蚕组之间睾丸指数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,LOH大鼠睾丸组织出现曲细精管结构紊乱,精子大量减少,睾丸间质变少等病理变化以及线粒体数量明显减少,大量线粒体水肿等超微结构改变,雄蚕组病理变化和超微结构均得到改善。结论 LOH大鼠可出现睾丸组织器官水平和细胞水平的病理变化及超微结构改变,雄蚕益肾方可能能通过改善其病理变化和睾丸间质细胞超微结构而发挥作用。     

武汉地区克氏原螯虾的生物学研究

克氏原螯虾是从国外移植的一种大型淡水虾类,目前在国内许多省市均有出产。本文根据在武汉地区对其生物学特性的研究结果指出:该虾夜间活动和觅食,白天常藏于洞穴中,少数在草丛中栖居。体长4厘类以上的个体的主要食物为水生高等植物、丝状藻类和植物碎片;次要食物为水生昆虫及其幼虫,偶然性食物为硅藻以及鱼类和蛙类的病残个体或死尸。I~ 龄虾的体长生长快,雌体达V~ 龄、体长达11.49厘米和雄体达Ⅲ~ 龄、体长达10.90厘米后,体长生长减慢,体重剧增。雌雄个体比为1.00:1.10,均在Ⅲ龄达性成熟。雌体产卵期一般在10月份,4-5月份也可见少数产卵个体。最小产卵个体6.95厘米。雌体长6.95-11.00厘米个体的产卵数变动在80-267粒。     

东北民猪垂体组织结构的研究

民猪垂体的形态接近圆形,它有一个发达的分枝状的神经部;含有三种不同着色细胞的中间叶,被神经部分成几部分。腺垂体部明显可见四种不同染色的细胞,它们分别表现为:嗜橙黄——G细胞数量稳定,分布一般在腺垂体的中部。嗜碱性细胞表现出深蓝与淡蓝两类细胞,深蓝色细胞(强嗜碱性细胞)数量伴有年龄的变化,幼龄比成年少,差异非常显著(P<0.01),淡蓝色细胞(弱嗜碱性细胞)的数量随着年龄的增长而减少,到六十公斤体重时则不见。然而,嫌色细胞却随年龄的成长而增加,雌性比雄性多,两性差异显著(P<0.05)。     

小鼠中年期和老年期睾丸组织转录组分析

为丰富小鼠睾丸组织转录组研究领域的基础数据,对中年期(180日龄)和老年期(360日龄)小鼠睾丸组织进行转录组测序分析,在中、老年期分别获得25 187 980个和28 840 576个可用Reads,比对到参考基因组上的Reads分别有18 861 721和22 355 657个,占总读数的74.88%和77.51%,并检测到中、老年期小鼠睾丸组织中分别有17 770和18 073个基因表达。以中年期为对照,老年期睾丸组织中下调基因122个,上调基因185个,其中可清楚注释的基因共285个。GO分析发现285个差异表达被归纳到生物过程、细胞组分与分子功能3个大类的25个小类,主要涉及膜、氧化还原过程、转运蛋白活性、生殖发育及衰老等。KEGG分析发现差异表达基因涉及139个信号通路,主要代谢通路为信号转导、脂代谢、碳水化合物代谢、内分泌系统和神经系统等生物学机制。差异表达基因中RPKM1的有57个,其所涉及信号通路主要为脂代谢、固醇类激素生成、TNF信号通路、补体系统、胰岛素和溶酶体等。     

草原兼用型新疆褐牛肉用性能的研究

[目的]研究草原放牧兼用型新疆褐牛不同年龄段的产肉性能.[方法]在昭苏县选择38头放牧新疆褐牛进行屠宰测定和分析,将这38头新疆褐牛按4岁以下、4～7岁、7岁以上3个不同年龄段分组,测定分析各组新疆褐牛主要屠宰性状指标.[结果]在放牧条件下,4～7岁组平均活重386.62 kg,屠宰率50.24;,净肉率41.73;,肉骨比4.94:1,其主要屠宰性能指标均显著优于4岁以下年龄段(P＜0.05),与7岁以上组无显著差异(P＞0.05),新疆褐牛4～7岁为适宜淘汰屠宰年龄段.[结论]根据测定,4岁以后可以挑选出来一部分乳用性能低的牛,育肥一段时期屠宰,以降低饲养成本,提高经济效益.     

Potentially lethal radiation damage: repair by mammalian cells in culture

Less than optimum conditions with regard to cell division after x-irradiation provide the necessary environment in which mammalian cells can repair potentially lethal radiation damage. The kinetics of repair suggest that, during the repair process, a transient, unstable cellular state occurs which prevents cell division in complete growth medium. The capacity for repair appears to be dependent on cell age.     

中国城乡基本养老保险非均衡发展分析——基于2013年31省数据实证分析

从3个维度选取15个反映2013年城乡基本养老保险制度财务可持续和地区经济发展水平的指标，利用主成分分析法对2013年我国各省市城乡养老保险发展状况进行研究。结果表明，东部省份的地区GDP和城镇职工基本养老保险基金可持续性表现较好，西部省份在城乡居民养老保障水平和城乡居民社会养老保险财务可持续上表现良好。西部与中东部省份的差距在缩小，西部省份内部差距明显。研究发现，地区经济发展水平、地区人口结构老化和财政支持力度是影响制度财务可持续的直接原因，而地区发展失衡的根本原因在于统筹层次过低，因此，解决地区非均衡发展的牛鼻子在于打破利益藩篱，尽快提高统筹层次。     

鸭瘟鸭病毒性肝炎二联弱毒疫苗的研究 Ⅳ、疫苗的田间免疫试验

本文报道鸭瘟鸭病毒性肝炎二联弱毒疫苗的田间免疫试验。试验采用不同品种鸭群首次免疫（30日龄）后不同日龄和加强免疫（168日龄）后不同时间（天）的鸭抵抗1万倍最小致死置鸭瘟病毒（DPV）强毒攻击的能力以及鸭首次免疫后不同日龄鸭血清中抗DHV中和抗体液度和加强免疫后不同时间（天）所产的蛋孵出的1日龄雏鸭抵抗1万倍LD60鸭肝炎病毒（DHV）强毒攻击的能力。试验结果表明：30日龄的雏鸭进行首次免疫，其对鸭病毒性肝炎的免疫期达5．5－6个月，对鸭瘟的免疫期达9个月；产蛋前（23-24周龄）进行加强免疫，则对鸭瘟和鸭病毒性肝炎的免疫期均达到9个月。经过1990－1995年大面积对天府肉鸭（曾祖代、祖代和父母代）、樱桃谷鸭（祖代和父母代）四川麻鸭、建昌鸭和奥日星鸭（祖代和父母代）共1千余万羽份的免疫注射，免疫效果良好，深受使用单位的欢迎。     

Notch-mediated restoration of regenerative potential to aged muscle

A hallmark of aging is diminished regenerative potential of tissues, but the mechanism of this decline is unknown. Analysis of injured muscle revealed that, with age, resident precursor cells (satellite cells) had a markedly impaired propensity to proliferate and to produce myoblasts necessary for muscle regeneration. This was due to insufficient up-regulation of the Notch ligand Delta and, thus, diminished activation of Notch in aged, regenerating muscle. Inhibition of Notch impaired regeneration of young muscle, whereas forced activation of Notch restored regenerative potential to old muscle. Thus, Notch signaling is a key determinant of muscle regenerative potential that declines with age.     

Quantitation of strain BALB-c mouse peritoneal cells

Total and differential counts of the peritoneal cells of male and female BALB/c mice aged 10 days to over 2 years demonstrate that the increase in cell number that occurs in mice over 2 months old is due entirely to an increase in lymphocytes. The number of peritoneal macrophages in BALB/c females is maintained at a constant level for 22 months. The stability of the macrophage population in contrast to the increase in numbers of lymphocytes suggests that the body pools of these two cell types are not related.     

Interaction of critical periods in the visual cortex of kittens

The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed directional deprivation. The kittens were placed in a drum rotating in one direction with one eye open at ages 2 1/2 to 5 weeks; the drum rotation was reversed and the other eye opened when they were 5 to 12 weeks old. Recordings were then made in the visual cortex. The results were the sum of the effects of reverse suture and reversal of directional deprivation: most cells were driven by the eye that was open second, and most unidirectional cells preferred the direction to which the animals were exposed first. Consequently, many unidirectional cells preferred the first direction but were driven by the eye open second--a combination that the animal never saw during rearing. There was also an effect of ocular deprivation on directional properties and vice versa: reverse suture reduced the overall percentage of unidirectional cells, just as directional deprivation has been shown to affect the ocular dominance histogram. This result suggests that the same cells may be affected by both forms of deprivation.     

一个水稻三倍体×二倍体杂交F2群体的微卫星杂合性丧失

DB102为一田间发现的三倍体水稻,利用它做母本与二倍体水稻中作59杂交,得到一个早世代(F2)稳定群体,通过微卫星分析发现,该群体中有一些微卫星位点发生了杂合性丧失,且至少6条染色体上发生微卫星位点杂合性丧失(loss of heterzygoisity LOH)可能有DNA序列变化。而微卫星位点的杂合性丧失又可能与该杂交组合早世代稳定有关。