生物技术在大豆育种上的应用

生物技术作为一门新兴技术，在大豆育种中应用十分广泛。本文简要介绍了分子标记技术中RAPD，RFLP，SSRA，AFLP概念、原理及特点，以及在国内外大豆育种应用中的现状，同时概述了转基因技术在育种上的应用情况。     

《大豆科学》征稿简则

《大豆科学》是黑龙江省农业科学院主办的大豆专业学术性期刊，作为我国大豆学术界唯一的学报，现已被收入国内外重要数据库和文摘收录文献源的重点核心期刊。国内外公开发行，大16开96页。它是以大豆作物为主体，论述大豆作物本身问题的农业科学刊物，反映我国大豆科学的最新研究成果。主要刊登有关大豆遗传育种、品种资源、生理生态、耕作栽培、植物保护、营养施肥、大豆生物技术和大豆食品加工等方面的学术论文、科研报告、研究简报、国内外研究述评、学术活动简讯和新品种介绍等。读者对象是从事大豆科学硪寄砖声的秘桔工作者和女专啸椅师毕．     

广西大豆生产及育种展望

对照当前国内外大豆生产及贸易现状,分析了广西大豆生产、贸易和育种的基本情况。通过分析,发现了广西当前大豆生产和育种中存在的主要问题,并针对问题提出了相应对策。为了解广西大豆研究现状,尤其大豆育成审定品种的数量、产量、品质、亲本来源和应用情况等,以及今后的大豆生产发展及育种思路提供参考。     

进境大豆风险分析及监管防控初探

统计近几年全国大豆进口情况及有害生物截获情况,然后根据有害生物在国内的分布情况、口岸实际截获情况,结合国内外文献资料,对有害生物的进行风险评估,初步确定重点有害生物名单,为国内农业生产及进口大豆有害生物的监管防控提出对策。     

福建省大豆科研生产发展趋势及相应措施

本文通过对福建省大豆科研与生产现状的调查及对国内外大豆市场需求的分析，认为福建省应重点发展春大豆生产，并提出了大豆科研“双高”育种措施。     

大豆中具生理活性物质的研究与开发

大豆是我国人民自古以来非常喜欢食用的粮食作物，人们对其具有的丰富营养元素、优质蛋白质、食用油脂都非常熟知，但是对其中含有的特殊的具生理活性的物质不甚了解。本文仅就我们研究的情况结合国内外资料简述如下：一、大豆皂甙的生理活性及研究现状皂甙（Ｓａｐｏｎｉ...     

中国大豆产业的影响因素、互动机制及竞争战略

本文根据国内外大豆农业生产、加工业及经贸市场的相关情况 ,对中国大豆产业的发展在影响因素、竞争战略、互动机制方面进行了分析和表述 ,旨在为大豆产业建设提出一些新的问题及新的办法 ,面对世界大豆发展格局 ,建设有中国特色的大豆产业。     

大豆食品原料的选择与食品的营养差异

大豆食品原料的选择与食品的营养差异黑龙江省农科院大豆加工室陈霞目前国内外大豆食品加工，其采用不同大豆为原料制成的大豆食品，营养成分亦不同，为了使选择的大豆品种与食品用途有效的结合，提出几种主要大豆食品原料的选择及其食品的营养差异。一、大豆食品原料的选...     

振兴我国大豆业的几点希望

振兴我国大豆业的几点希望张树元近几年来，由于各级政府加强了对大豆生产的领导，科学技术的大面积推广应用，国内外市场对大豆需求的不断增长，特别是大豆市场以及价格的逐步放开，使我国的大豆生产迅速好转，种植面积扩大，单产提高，不少地方都出现了大豆热。总的看，...     

欢迎订阅2007年《大豆通报》

《大豆通报》杂志，是由国家大豆工程技术研究中心、中国作物学会大豆专业委员会与中国食品学会大豆食品分会联合主办，为国内外公开发行的综合性双月刊。该刊为《中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库》收录期刊，主要刊登与大豆行业相关政策     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。