奶牛常见卵巢疾病性不孕的B型超声波影像学研究

为了研究奶牛常见卵巢疾病性不孕的B型超声波影像规律,试验应用便携式实时B型超声波诊断仪,采用直肠探查法对新疆生产建设兵团农七师和农八师地区部分奶牛场长期不发情或屡配不孕奶牛(共45头)的卵巢形态结构进行探查。通过临床症状、直肠检查结合不孕奶牛异常卵巢的B型超声波声像图,对不孕奶牛行了临床诊断。结果表明:B型超声波作为最直观的手段,可以为奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕的辅助诊断提供有效依据,说明应用实时B型超声波辅助诊断奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕有良好的应用前景。     

繁殖障碍奶牛生殖系统的超声检查

应用B超诊断法对黑龙江省几个奶牛场的繁殖障碍奶牛进行卵巢和子宫检查,获得了奶牛卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图,并分析了引起奶牛不孕的卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图特点,以期为B超诊断奶牛繁殖障碍疾病提供参考。     

新疆北疆地区规模化奶牛场奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕症的调查与分析

2010年5月~2013年6月在对新疆北疆地区规模化奶牛场的技术指导过程中,对本场技术人员认为是不孕的奶牛通过直肠检查、B超检查和结合奶牛的繁殖资料(产犊、配种记录、年龄、胎次、体况、空怀天数等),调查分析了奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕症的发病情况。结果表明,奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕以卵巢囊肿、排卵延迟、卵巢静止、持久黄体为主,同时伴发有子宫疾病、蹄病和乳房疾病。另外,奶牛卵巢疾病性不孕症的发病率与胎次、体况、季节等因素密切相关。     

奶牛子宫和卵巢常见疾病的B超鉴别诊断

B型超声诊断技术对奶牛的子宫、卵巢疾病的诊断具有直观、快速、准确和无损伤等特点,对久配不孕的奶牛进行B型超声检查,持续观察子宫和卵巢的变化,根据子宫和卵巢卵泡、黄体的回声形态及回声状态来判定奶牛的子宫内膜炎、子宫积液、卵巢囊肿、卵巢静止和持久黄体等生殖障碍的情况,显著提高了奶牛某些不孕症判定的准确性,实时监测子宫和卵巢的状态,为奶牛子宫和卵巢疾病的诊治奠定了良好的基础。     

犬卵巢囊肿引起不孕的手术治疗

2013年1月,笔者接诊一例牧羊犬不孕病例,经过B超检查,发现左侧卵巢囊性增大,行剖腹探查手术,囊肿连带左侧卵巢完全切除,5月后随访,犬正常怀孕、生产,现把诊治过程进行报道。     

犬卵巢囊肿引起不孕的手术治疗1例

正2013年1月,笔者接诊1例牧羊犬不孕病例。经过B超检查,发现左侧卵巢囊肿增大,行剖腹探查手术,囊肿连带左侧卵巢完全切除,5月后随访,犬正常怀孕、生产。现将诊治过程进行简述。     

B超声像技术在奶牛场繁殖工作中的应用

目前B超声像技术（简称“B超”）在奶牛场的繁殖工作中有着不可替代的作用。本文介绍了B超的基本原理以及奶牛场直肠检查和B超在奶牛早期妊娠诊断上的基本应用方法。B超可以较为准确地判断出胚胎的不同妊娠天数,并且可以进行奶牛产后子宫疾病的检查,从而做出准确的诊断,B超还可以针对卵巢的不同回声状态来对卵巢静止、卵泡囊肿、黄体囊肿以及持久黄体等卵巢情况进行判断;可以配合直肠检查法,有效地提高奶牛早期妊娠诊断率和生殖系统疾病的诊断率。     

B超技术在奶牛繁殖中的应用

本文对B超技术在奶牛繁殖中的应用进行了阐述。B超可以应用于奶牛妊娠诊断、性别鉴定、子宫和卵巢疾病辅助诊断及胎儿发育和卵巢、子宫状态监测,也可以应用于同期发情和超数排卵从而提高其效果。另外,在活体采卵方面B超也是必不可少的工具。     

口服促孕散治疗前后持久黄体奶牛B超影像学的研究

为探讨促孕散治疗持久黄体的作用机理,本研究通过直肠检查结合B超直肠检查对持久黄体奶牛做出诊断后口服促孕散,应用B超每3 d对黄体直径、卵泡数量、卵巢长度、卵巢宽度、子宫角纵径和子宫颈纵径进行测量,并统计1次,与用药前进行对比。30头持久黄体奶牛口服促孕散后,治疗有效头数25头,有效率为83.3%。停药后第1天卵巢出现小卵泡和中等卵泡,停药后分别在第10和19天大卵泡数量最多,部分奶牛出现发情并排卵,与用药前卵巢相比,结果发现左、右侧卵巢长在停药后均降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);左、右卵巢宽在停药后均降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);子宫颈纵径和子宫角纵径均在停药后升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,B超是诊断奶牛持久黄体的有效手段,中药促孕散对持久黄体奶牛卵巢和子宫形态等指标具有一定的影响,可以促进黄体的溶解。     

中药组方“暖宫散”、“气血通”治疗奶牛卵巢性不孕症试验

在影响奶牛繁殖的诸多因素中,卵巢疾病性不孕导致奶牛发情周期异常、繁殖性能低下,是引起奶牛不孕的重要原因之一,包括卵巢机能减退（卵巢静止）、持久黄体、卵巢囊肿、卵泡交替发育、排卵延迟等多种疾病。笔者应用自拟组方治疗奶牛卵巢静止、持久黄体和卵巢囊肿等卵巢性不孕症71例,平均发情率为94.4%,受孕率为81.7%。     

口服促孕散治疗奶牛卵巢静止的B超影像学研究

为探讨促孕散治疗卵巢静止的作用机理,本研究主要通过直肠检查结合B超对卵巢静止奶牛做出诊断后,对其口服促孕散进行治疗,应用B超对卵巢卵泡直径、卵巢长度、卵巢宽度、子宫角纵径和子宫颈纵径进行测量,并与用药前进行对比。Ⅻ头卵巢静止奶牛口服促孕散后,治疗有效率达86．7％。停药后第1天卵巢出现中等卵泡和大卵泡,停药后第16天大卵泡数量最多,部分奶牛出现发情并排卵,与用药前卵巢比较发现,左右两侧卵巢长度在停药后第1、4、10、19天显著增大（P〈0．05）;左卵巢宽度在停药后第19天显著增大（P〈0．05）;右卵巢宽度在停药后第1、10、19天显著增大（P〈0．（15）7．子宫颈纵径在停药后第13、16天极显著增大（P〈o．01）,第19天显著增大（P〈0．05）,子宫角纵径与用药前比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明,B超是诊断奶牛卵巢静止的有效手段,中药促孕散对卵巢静止奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学变化具有一定的作用,对治疗奶牛卵巢静止有明显的效果。     

中草药防治奶牛不孕症研究

奶牛不孕症严重影响乳业生产的发展。根据发展乳业生产的需要和祖国医学的特点,我们应用中草药补中益气汤加减,促进产后母牛子宫复旧。试验组80头牛,对照组71头牛,试验组母牛发情时间较对照组提早20.17天;试验组母牛在产后100天内的受胎率为60％(45/75);对照组100天内的受胎率为40.6％(28/69),两者差异显著(P<0.05)。应用复方仙阳汤治疗母牛产后卵巢静止和持久黄体性不孕症150例,发情排卵140头,有效率为93.3％;配种受胎120头,受胎率为85.7％。     

Relationship among insulin-like growth factor-I,blood metabolites and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows

The relationship among nutritional status, systemic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and ovarian function early postpartum were investigated. A total of 27 Holstein-Friesian cows, 10 that cycled normally within 20 days postpartum, 5 diagnosed with follicular cysts, 8 with persistent corpus luteum (CL) after the first ovulation postpartum and 4 with inactive ovaries were used for the study. Blood samples were collected 1-3 times per week, for 60 days pre- and postpartum, for IGF-I, progesterone, estradiol, free fatty acids (FFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) determination. Inactive ovary and cystic cows had a higher body condition score before calving and lost more condition than normal or persistent CL cows. Immediately postpartum, IGF-I levels were higher and rose sharply in cows that cycled normally than in cystic, inactive ovary or persistent CL cows. At calving and early postpartum, FFA was higher in inactive ovary and cystic than in normal and persistent CL cows. There was a significant strong positive relationship between IGF-I and BUN, and strong negative relationships between IGF-I and FFA and AST in all groups. There was a positive relationship between serum IGF-I and estradiol in normal cystic and inactive ovary cows. This study found that overconditioned cows during the dry period or at calving, lost more body condition postpartum. These cows also had a deeper and longer period of negative energy balance (NEB), poor liver function and low circulating IGF-I concentrations early postpartum. Such cows were likely to have poor reproductive function as seen in development of cystic ovaries, persistent CL and inactive ovary. Changes in serum IGF-I early postpartum may help predict both nutritional and reproductive status in dairy cattle.     

Ovariectomy by colpotomy in cows.

For the purpose of collecting active ovarian structures for cell culture, unilateral ovariectomy (n = 34 ovaries) was performed per vagina on 17 dairy cows having normal estrous cycles, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 9 (n = 18 ovaries) dairy cows, and corpora lutea (n = 13) were removed from 11 beef cows having normal estrous cycles. None of the cows was clinically ill after the operation. Nine of 37 cows developed adhesions of both uterine horns and the body of the uterus. Three instruments were used to perform colpotomy. The described surgical technique for removal of the ovaries or corpora lutea is practical and inexpensive, and has low morbidity associated with it.     

电针辅助治疗奶牛常见不孕症试验

对农七师123团奶牛场16头诊断为不孕症的奶牛用常规方法进行了治疗，其中11头奶牛患子宫内膜炎，另外5头患卵巢静止。对石河子大学动物科技学院试验站4头诊断为不孕症的奶牛在采用常规子宫注射中药同时进行了电针辅助治疗，其中2头奶牛为子宫内膜炎，另外2头为卵巢静止。对这两组奶牛进行了治疗效果的对比。结果表明，采用电针辅助治疗的4头患不孕症的奶牛全部有效，受胎率是75％。而只采用常规治疗方法组的总有效率为75％，受胎率是62．5％。两者比较差异不显著（P〉0．05），但是前者的疗程较短。     

Progesterone assays and rectal palpation in pre-service management of a dairy herd.

Fifty-one dairy cows were examined three times at weekly intervals during weeks 5 to 7 after calving. Rectal palpation of the ovaries and plasma progesterone assay were used to determine cyclic ovarian function. Eight of 51 cows exhibited true anoestrus by day 49 after calving. Only 23 of 43 cycling cows were served by day 77, the end of the target period for first service. In 77 per cent of 142 examinations, rectal palpation and progesterone assay gave compatible results. Most incompatibility occurred early or late inthe cycle, or in association with cystic structures in the ovaries. Eleven of the 51 cows had cysts in the ovaries but cyclicity and fertility were not adversely affected.     

Dynamics of ovarian follicular development in cattle following hysterectomy and during early pregnancy

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate ovarian follicular dynamics and functional activity during pregnancy in cattle. In 11 pregnant Charolais cows of Experiment I, size of largest follicle, number of follicles and accumulated follicle size were reduced by day 27 of pregnancy on the ovary bearing the corpus luteum (CL) but not on the non-CL bearing ovary. In experiment II, local attenuation of ovarian follicular development on the CL bearing ovary of seven pregnant heifers was evident compared to the contralateral ovary without the CL. However, in four hysterectomized heifers, follicular development was sustained on both the CL- and non-CL bearing ovaries when CL maintenance was achieved without presence of the uterus or conceptus. In Experiment III, steroidogenic characteristics of the largest and second largest follicles at 17 d postestrus were evaluated for seven pregnant and six cyclic cattle. Follicle by physiological status interactions were detected for both aromatase activity of the follicle and follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. In cyclic cows, the largest follicle had appreciably more aromatase activity than did the second largest follicle; whereas, aromatase activity of the largest follicle from pregnant cows was less than that of cyclic cows. However, in pregnant cows the second largest follicle became the estrogen-active follicle, and this follicle occurred with a higher frequency on the ovary contralateral to the CL-bearing ovary. These changes in aromatase activity were reflected by parallel changes in estrogen concentrations of follicular fluid. The higher progesterone concentration in follicular fluid of the largest follicle in pregnant cows provided further confirmation of their atretic status. In conclusion, during early pregnancy the conceptus and/or uterus ipsilateral to the conceptus appear to secrete compounds which alter local follicular steroidogenic activity and attenuate subsequent follicular growth between 17 to 34 d of pregnancy on the CL-bearing ovary. This local mechanism acting within the ovary may contribute to the antiluteolytic effects of early pregnancy in cattle.     

Manganese status of pasturing ewes, of pregnant ewes and doe rabbits on low manganese diets and of dairy cows with cystic ovaries.

Four experiments were conducted to obtain information on the manganese (Mn) status of ewes, doe rabbits and dairy cows with cystic ovaries. Manganese was not concentrated specifically in any one tissue or organ but the use of 54Mn has indicated that the isotope was retained by the liver for a longer time. Significantly lower (P less than 0.01) levels of Mn were observed in the liver, kidney and blood of pregnant ewes fed a synthetic diet containing low levels (5 ppm) of Mn than those that were supplemented with 60 ppm Mn. It would appear that the determination of blood Mn concentration would provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the assessment of the Mn status of the pregnant ewe and could be more reliable than data based on tissue (liver, kidney, ovary) levels of Mn. The cortical stroma of dairy cows with cystic ovaries had lower Mn contents than those cows that were without cystic ovaries. The data on blood suggests that cystic ovaries cannot be diagnosed by blood Mn levels if Mn was indeed a contributing factor of the development of this condition. The doe rabbit responded to supplemental dietary Mn in a manner analogous to the ewes.