Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Porcine Blood

Determination of the seleno-enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood from Danish Landrace pigs was done using a quantitative, spectrophotometric method and a simple “spot test”. A close correlation between the net reaction rate measured spectrophotometrically (Δ A/min.) and time for defluores-cence (minutes) was obtained (r² = 0.72—0.77, P < 0.0005). From these results the factors used for a conversion of defluorescence time to u/g hemoglobin were evaluated. The results further showed that the “spot test” can be used as a screening method for detection of subnormal GSH-Px levels in pigs.While red cell GSH-Px seems independent of the sex, an elevation of both plasma and red cell GSH-Px was found with increasing age of pigs. The normal range of red cell GSH-Px activity was wide, contrasting the small variations observed in the individual pig. Some evidence that porcine red cell GSH-Px is under genetical control was found and discussed in relation to the possible use of GSH-Px as an indicator of the pig''s selenium status.     

微分脉冲催化极谱法测定乳牛全血硒

采用美国２７３Ａ型电化学分析系统,根据ＳｅＳＯ３２－－ＫＩＯ３氧化还原反应原理,用微分脉冲催化极谱法测定了奶牛全血痕量硒。此法最低检出极限０．１μｇ／Ｌ,线性范围０．５～５．０μｇ／Ｌ,回收率９２．６０％～１０３．００％。硒标准溶液和饲料重复测定值的变异系数分别为１．５％和２．２％。奶牛全血硒的测定值符合饲料梯度添加试验,其精密度和准确度均高。     

谷胱甘肽过氧化物抗体酶ScFv的基因构建

特异性单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株５Ｃ９所分泌的ＭｃＡｂ经化学修饰后,其抗体酶活性比兔肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性高２．６倍。在所建成的杂交瘤细胞株基础上,通过提取该细胞总ＲＮＡ,分离ｍＲＮＡ,反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,以及ＶＨ和ＶＬ基因的ＰＣＲ扩增、组装,成功地构建了谷胱甘肽过氧化物抗体酶ＳｃＦｖ基因。电泳分析证明,ＶＨ和ＶＬ基因长度分别为３４０ｂｐ和３２５ｂｐ;所构建的ＳｃＦｖ基因长度约为７５０ｂｐ,并带有ＳｆｉⅠ和ＮｏｔⅠ切点,可用于ＳｃＦｖ的基因重组及其表达。     

有机硒在猪营养中的研究进展

硒为动物必需微量元素,缺乏和过量对机体都可产生不利影响,甚至死亡。硒的形式多种多样,其中有机硒具有诸多优点,成为近年来硒研究的热点。本文重点综述有机硒在猪体内的代谢和对母猪、公猪繁殖性能、生长育肥猪生产性能及肉质品质的影响。     

不同海拔地区牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX的测定

在西宁屠宰场对来自青海省两个不同海拔县牦牛心肌和骨骼肌线粒体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性进行测定。结果表明,海拔4300m左右的玛多县牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX分别为20.15U.mg-1±5.43U.mg-1和15.32U.mg-1±4.27U.mg-1,海拔3400m左右的刚察县牦牛心肌、骨骼肌GSH-PX分别为6.67U.mg-1±5.67U.mg-1和7.76U.mg-1±4.83U.mg-1;玛多牦牛的心肌、骨骼肌组织线粒体的GSH-PX活性显著高于刚察牦牛(P<0.05)。在高原低氧环境下,牦牛体内GSH-PX活性与海拔高度呈正相关。     

Bioavailability to chicks of selenium in barley, oats and meat meal

Day-old White Leghorn chicks deficient in selenium (Se) were fed a low Se basal diet (containing adequate level of vitamin E) for 2 weeks depletion period before they were given the experimental diets containing different levels of Se for 4 weeks. Dietary treatments contained 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 or 0.12 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite, barley, oats, meat meal or their extracted counterparts. Plasma GSH-Px activity was observed at weekly intervals, while the Se concentration of plasma and liver were determined at the end of the study. The biological availability of Se in the test ingredients was measured by the induction of plasma GSH-Px activity. In comparison to sodium selenite (100 %) it was: 77 % for barley, 80 % for extracted barley, 37 % for oats, 62 % for extracted oats, 20 % for meat meal, and 26 % for extracted meat meal. Using the retention of Se in plasma as a criterion, the following biological availability of Se was observed: barley 151 %; extracted barley 102 %; oats 90 %; extracted oats 107 %; meat meal 40 %; and extracted meat meal 47 %. Similarly, the efficiency of the test ingredients in increasing the Se concentration in liver was: barley 82 %; extracted barley 90 %; oats 67 %; extracted oats 98 %; meat meal 26 %; and extracted meat meal 31 %. The greater biopotency of the natural Se sources for increasing the Se concentration of the chick tissues than for inducing the plasma GSH-Px activity in comparison to sodium selenite, indicated that proportionally less amounts of the Se retained in the chick plasma from the natural sources were incorporated into the metabolic active form of Se, i.e., GSH-Px. Therefore, the plasma GSH-Px activity was suggested as the more reliable criterion to be used for the evaluation of the bioavailability of Se.     

Comparative effect of selenium in wheat, barley, fish meal and sodium selenite for prevention of exudative diathesis in chicks

Groups af White Leghorn chicks obtained from dams deprived on selenium (Se), were fed from hatching a low-Se-vitamin E basal diet alone, or supplemented with 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 or 0.08 mg Se/kg diet, as sodium selenite (Na2SeO₃ · 5H₂O), wheat, barley or fish meal. Prevention of the Se-vitamin E deficiency responsive disease exudative diathesis (ED) as it was clinical observed, induction of the plasma Se dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and Se concentration in the cardiac muscle were observed to be dietary Se level and source dependent. Slope ratio assay was applied to estimate the biological availability of Se in the natural sources relative to Se in sodium selenite. For the prevention of ED, the bioavailability of Se in wheat, barley and fish meal was 99, 85 and 80 %, respectively. The increase in the plasma GSH-Px activity revealed a bioavailability for Se in wheat, barley and fish meal of 79, 71 and 66 %, respectively. Using retention of Se in the cardiac muscle as the bioassay, a bioavailability of 108, 87 and 100 % was calculated for wheat, barley and fish meal Se, respectively.     

祁连县本地黄牛全血铁含量的测定

对60头祁连县本地黄牛的全血铁含量进行了测定。结果表明：祁连黄牛全血铁含量为0．319g/L。同时发现公、母黄牛间的全血铁含量无显著差异（P＞0．05）,而成年黄牛的全血铁含量极显著地高于犊牛（P＜0．01）。     

门源本地黄牛血钾浓度测定

采用火焰光度法对 40头门源县本地黄牛进行了血钾浓度测定 ,其血清钾浓度为 5 .5 2± 0 .82mmol L ,全血钾浓度为 8.90± 3.32mmol L ,红细胞钾浓度为 15 .5 2± 10 .2 5mmol L     

晋南牛母牛现状与保护发展的探讨

晋南牛是地方良种黄牛之一,但近年来存栏数量直线下降,文章阐述了晋南牛母牛的现状及母牛存栏减少的原因,强调保护晋南牛母牛的工作的紧迫性,同时提出保护发展其的措施。     

Dietary incorporation of feedstuffs naturally high in organic selenium for racing pigeons (Columba livia): effects on plasma antioxidant markers after a standardised simulation of a flying effort

Selenium is a trace element of importance for animal health. It is essential for adequate functioning of many enzymes such as, the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, which protects the cell against free radicals. A muscular effort induces a rise in reactive oxygen species production which, in turn, can generate an oxidative stress. Two groups of eight racing pigeons were fed respectively with a diet containing 30.3 (control group) and 195.3 (selenium group) μg selenium/kg diet. The pigeons were submitted to a standardised simulation of a flying effort during 2 h. Blood was taken before and after the effort to measure antioxidant markers and blood parameters related to muscle metabolism. Plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly higher in the selenium group. There were no significant differences for the other measured parameters. As a consequence of the effort, the pigeons of the selenium group showed a higher increase of glutathione peroxidase activity and a smaller increase of plasma lactate concentration. Variations because of the effort in the other markers were not significantly different between the two groups. It is concluded that the selenium status was improved with the feeding of feedstuffs high in Selenium.     

Lectin-Histochemistry: Glycogenosis in Cattle

Ten out of 47 calves that were born in a small Brahman herd from southern Brazil developed progressive muscular weakness and tremors, lethargy and poor body condition. Necropsy was performed on three affected animals. The only gross lesion detected was paleness of the muscles of the trunk and limbs. Multiple cytoplasm vacuoles located in different tissues were the principal microscopic lesions. Vacuoles were particularly evident in skeletal muscles and myocardium. PAS-positive granules were numerous in skeletal muscle fibres and Purkinje fibres of the myocardium, but were also observed in the neurons of the brain and spinal cord, and in the vascular smooth muscle fibres from all the examined tissues. Pretreatment with diastase completely abolished the PAS reactivity. The vacuoles reacted strongly to Griffonia simplicifolia II and Concanavalia ensiformes lectins, whose biding pattern has been reported as useful for demonstration of glycogen. Examination of the electron micrographs revealed that glycogen was free within the cytoplasm or accumulated in membrane-bound granules of several tissues, especially in striated muscle, liver and neurons of the CNS. These findings were consistent with generalized glycogenosis.     

镉中毒对鸡体内GSH-Px、SOD的影响及硒颉颃效应的研究

选用90只100日龄依沙褐公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,加镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg,加硒镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg Na2SeO322 mg/kg,通过在日粮中添加一定剂量的镉或硒与镉,建立亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃模型;亚慢性镉中毒可致鸡体内血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,构成了镉损伤肝脏的病理学基础。加硒后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

低磷、高氟、低硒性黄牛跛行的病因学研究

以饲料和土壤低磷、高氟、低硒为线索，检测跛行黄牛血清中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、羟脯氨酸（HYPRO）、维生素D以及甲状旁腺素（PTH）等钙、磷代谢的相关指标的动态变化，探讨低磷、高氟、低硒对黄牛骨骼和肌肉的影响，以及这些致病因素之间的相互关系，为黄牛跛行病的病因学诊断和防治提供依据。结果显示：（1）土壤和饲料低磷，导致黄牛血清低磷及钙磷比例失调是引起黄牛跛行的直接因素。（2）土壤、饲料高氟是加重钙磷代谢障碍引发跛行的主要因素。（3）黄牛硒缺乏导致的肌肉损伤，是引发跛行的并发因素。     

河北省肉牛发展现状、问题与建议

本文通过对河北省肉牛存栏数、养殖模式、品种改良、饲养管理等方面的调研,分析了河北省肉牛业发展的现状和存在问题,提出了河北省肉牛业发展的思路和建议。     

纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶mRNA表达和酶活的诱导作用

为了探讨纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (cGPx)的诱导作用 ,将 1日龄艾维茵肉雏鸡随机分为 1个对照组 (0mg/kg)和 5个剂量组 (0 .1,0 .2 ,0 .3,0 .4和 0 .5mg/kg) ,饲喂到 4 2日龄 ,断头处死。从肉鸡肝脏中提取总RNA ,RT PCR法检测肝脏中的cGPx的表达丰度 ;DTNB法测定肝组织中的cGPx酶活性。试验结果表明 ,各试验组肉鸡肝脏组织cGPxmRNA丰度与对照组相比有显著的差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;各试验组肉鸡肝脏组织cGPx活力与对照组相比有显著的差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且二者变化规律一致。本试验结果表明 :纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏cGPxmRNA稳定性具有调控作用 ,并能提高其酶活 ,而且其Weinberg剂量 效应的最适剂量范围较宽