鲁西黄牛发情周期和产后期外周血浆孕酮水平

在鲁西黄牛母牛的发情周期和产后期（产犊至产后６０ｄ）收集颈静脉血样，用放射免疫分析法测定血浆孕酮（Ｐ４）水平。结果表明，母牛的发情周期平均为（２１．２±１．６）ｄ，发情当天（０ｄ）外周血浆孕酮水平为（０．５２±１．４）μｇ／Ｌ，在周期的９～１５ｄ，孕酮水平较高，其峰值为（４．６２±１．５６）μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝１５），在周期的约１８ｄ以后，孕酮水平迅速下降，至周期的２１ｄ降至发情开始时的水平；母牛产后１０．６～１３．６ｄ以后，外周血浆孕酮水平开始升高，出现黄体周期，约有一半的母牛产后第１个黄体周期为（８．４±０．５）ｄ，显著短于正常周期（２０．１±３．２）ｄ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；在短周期中，孕酮峰值为（１．５２±０．７１）μｇ／Ｌ，亦显著低于正常周期孕酮峰值（３．８４±１．２５）μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。除短周期外，产后发情周期中的孕酮水平变化与通常的发情周期基本相同     

孕激素诱导的生长激素与犬的乳腺肿瘤

乳腺肿瘤是犬的最常见的肿瘤，约占母犬肿瘤总数的一半；乳腺肿瘤约有一半是恶性肿瘤，发生转移的比率很高。犬乳腺肿瘤的发病原因还不很明确，它的形成都受哪些因子调节还未完全确定。孕激素能够诱导乳腺组织生成并蓄积生长激素，使乳腺增生，最终导致犬乳腺肿瘤的形成。在此过程中，雌激素受体、孕激素受体、生长激素结合蛋白和生长激素受体在乳腺癌的形成、发展中起关键作用。从内分泌的角度对犬乳腺肿瘤发病机理作了简单综述，以期为激素治疗乳腺肿瘤提供一些理论依据。     

Estrone and Progesterone Plasma Levels of Normal Cows and Cows with Parturient Paresis

Blood plasma concentrations of estrone and progesterone, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were measured in 22 cows (Swedish Red and White Breed) from 4 weeks prepartum up to 6 days post partum. Ten cows with parturient paresis had Ca levels below 6 mg/100 ml. Data from plasma analyses in individual cows were grouped in the following periods: 28–22, 21–15, 14–8, 7–6, 5–4, 3, 2, 1 day(s) before parturition and 1, 2, 3–6 days after parturition. Statistical comparisons of the levels of the hormones and the ratio progesterone/estrone did not reveal any significant differences between the paretic and normal cows at any time period. The results do not support the theories that high systemic levels of estrogens or an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone predispose towards parturient paresis.     

2只繁育期雌性大熊猫尿中雌二醇、孕酮含量的变化

利用酶联免疫技术对陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心2只雌性大熊猫发情期、围产期尿中雌二醇、孕酮生殖激素进行检测分析.结果表明,在发情期雌二醇值达到峰值后的24 h内对大熊猫进行人工授精受孕成功的几率较大,雌二醇变化规律与发情行为的变化规律存在一致性;产前孕酮值在峰值后开始出现急剧下降,当孕酮值下降至谷底当日或次日分娩...     

乏情奶牛日粮营养水平和血浆生殖激素的变化

选取产后65～75天无发情表现的泌乳奶牛，经直检分为卵泡闭锁（Ⅰ）、卵巢囊肿（Ⅱ）、持久黄体（Ⅲ）和排卵延迟（Ⅳ）4组，每组10头奶牛。应用放射免疫测定法检测每头奶牛血浆FSH、LH、E2、P4的水平，同时分析该牛场此时期日粮中营养水平。结果表明：饲料中能量、蛋白质和磷的含量低于NRC（2001）水平。4个组奶牛血浆中的FSH含量均低于正常水平；Ⅰ组血浆中的E2含量低于同期正常水平；Ⅱ组血浆中的E2含量高于正常水平；Ⅲ组血浆中的E2含量低于正常水平，P4的含量高于正常水平；Ⅳ组血浆中的E2含量高于正常水平，P4和LH的含量低于正常水平。结论：日粮能量、蛋白和磷含量较低导致的泌乳奶牛生殖激素的紊乱是引起奶牛乏情的主要因素。     

半胱胺对奶牛产奶量及血浆生长抑素、生长激素水平的影响

选用１０ 头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦牛进行自身对照试验。对照期饲喂基础日粮,试验期在基础日粮中添加半胱胺。每隔５ 天一次,剂量为１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 体重,共喂３ 次。结果表明,试验期奶牛日产奶量比对照期提高７ ．６ ％ （ 对照期１４ ．５ ±３ ．９ｋｇ／ 头,试验期１５ ．６ ±４ ．３ｋｇ／ 头Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;奶牛采食量无明显变化,试验期饲料转化率比对照期明显提高（ 对照期０ ．３２ ±０ ．０１ ,试验期０ ．３０ ±０ ．０２ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;与对照期相比,试验期奶牛血浆生长抑素（ＳＳ） 水平明显下降（ 对照期１ ．２１ ±０ ．３４ｎｇ／ｍｌ,试验期０ ．１４ ±０ ．０５ｎｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ（ ＜ ０ ．０１） ,生长激素含量显著提高（ 对照期１ ．３３ ±０ ．２６ｎｇ／ｍｌ,试验期１ ．７７ ±０ ．２９ｎｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;半胱胺对牛乳脂率无明显影响（ 对照期２ ．１６ ±０ ．５８ ,试验期２ ．５３ ±０ ．０６） 。以上结果表明,半胱胺能明显提高奶牛产奶量,而抑制体内生长抑素,提高内源性生长激素水平,可能为其主要的作用机制。     

Use of Radioimmunoassay to Measure Progesterone Levels During Different Reproductive Stages in Female Damascus Goats

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Evaluation of the PATHFAST Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Measuring Progesterone in Whole Blood and Serum of Mares

Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system (PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hour intervals until 24 and at 48 hr via a catheter in the jugular vein. To monitor the physiological changes in circulating progesterone in mares after induced luteolysis, concentrations of progesterone in whole blood and serum samples were measured by PATHFAST. In addition, concentrations of progesterone in serum samples measured by PATHFAST were compared with those measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using PATHFAST, the serum concentrations of progesterone in mares correlated highly with those of whole blood samples (r=0.9672, n=88). The serum concentrations of progesterone as measured by PATHFAST correlated well with RIA (r=0.9654, n=88) and EIA (r=0.9323, n=112). An abrupt decline in circulating progesterone in whole blood samples was observed within 2 hr (50%), followed by a gradual decline until 48 hr later. The results for progesterone in whole blood samples correlated highly with those in serum samples, and the declining pattern paralleled that of the serum samples. These results demonstrated that PATHFAST is useful in the equine clinic as an accurate diagnostic tool for rapid assay of progesterone within 26 min, using unextracted whole blood.     

Changes in Plasma Progesterone Levels in the Caudal Vena Cava and the Jugular Vein and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion Pattern After Feeding in Lactating and Non-lactating Dairy Cows

The present study was designed to assess progesterone profiles at the secreted (caudal vena cava) and circulating levels (jugular vein) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion pattern in lactating and non-lactating cows with reference to feeding. Four lactating and four non-lactating cycling Holstein cows were examined. Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the caudal vena cava (via a catheter inserted from the coccygeal vein) and the jugular vein every 15 min for 12 h (0500–1700 h) during the functional luteal phase. Cows were fed 50% of the daily diet 6 h after the start of blood sampling. During the 12-h sampling period, mean progesterone concentrations in the caudal vena cava did not differ between lactating and non-lactating cows (49.0 ± 2.9 and 53.3 ± 3.7 ng/ml; mean ± SE), whereas mean progesterone concentrations in the jugular vein in lactating cows were higher than those in non-lactating cows (6.4 ± 0.1 and 5.6 ± 0.1 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Lactating cows had a higher frequency of LH pulses than non-lactating cows (7.0 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.9 pulses/12 h, P<0.05). The influence of feeding was not observed on LH profiles but was observed on progesterone profiles in both veins. Progesterone concentrations in the caudal vena cava increased after feeding in both groups. Progesterone concentrations in the jugular vein decreased after feeding in lactating cows but not in non-lactating cows. These results indicate the difference in feeding-related changes in progesterone dynamics between lactating and non-lactating cows.     

重度联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠排卵,胚胎发育能力及妊娠母体激素动态

为探讨先天性Ｔ－Ｂ淋巴细胞联合缺陷对生殖功能的影响,用正常ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠作对照,对重度联合免疫缺陷（ＳＣＩＤ）小鼠的排卵,胚胎（胎儿）发育能力及妊娠体外周血浆促黄体素（ＬＨ）和孕酮（Ｐ）水平的变化进行了研究。首先,观察了妊娠期、窝产仔数,发现ＳＣＩＤ小鼠大多在妊娠第２０天（检栓当天为第１天）凌晨分娩,平均窝产卫数为３．８６±１．６７）只,ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠多在妊娠第２０天较晚或第２１天凌晨分娩,平     

补喂复合益生菌对3～6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响

试验旨在研究补喂复合益生菌对3～6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、VFA浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响。选取体重相近(90.23kg±11.02kg)、健康状况良好的3月龄伊犁马哺乳马驹10匹,随机分为2组,每组5匹,分别为对照组和试验组。在分阶段补喂等量营养水平的精料补充料和苜蓿干草的基础上,试验组每匹马驹每天补喂0.075g(2×10¹¹ CFU/g)枯草芽孢杆菌和0.133g(3×10¹⁰ CFU/g)植物乳杆菌复合菌,进行为期90d的饲养试验。结果显示,补喂复合益生菌能够显著或极显著降低马驹粪便中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和淀粉的含量(P<0.05;P<0.01),分别比对照组低3.50%和11.32%;显著或极显著提高马驹粪便中乙酸和丙酸的浓度(P<0.05;P<0.01),分别比对照组高14.65%和64.29%;极显著提高血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平(P<0.01),比对照组高16.17%。由此可见,补喂复合益生菌能够降低马驹粪便中纤维的含量、提高挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度,增加3～6月龄伊犁马血浆细胞因子水平。     

产蛋期母鸡血液激素的昼夜变化

用放射免疫方法检测了10只200日龄产蛋期母鸡血液激素的昼夜变化。结果:血浆雌二醇含量在11时出现一次峰值,孕酮在8时和17时出现两次峰值,黄体生成素在17时出现一次峰值,其他时间这几种激素的含量均波动不大;甲状腺素含量在一昼夜内一直较稳定,无明显波动。此外,对上述血液激素与排卵的关系作了讨论。     

四种猪血抗凝剂抗溶血效果比较及新复合型抗凝剂最佳使用条件研究

采用紫外分光光度计测定血浆液中血红蛋白的吸光值。比较添加不同抗凝剂血液保存时间,确定一种猪血新复合型抗凝剂及其最佳保存条件。试验结果表明,最佳使用条件为抗凝剂溶液浓度15%、抗凝剂添加比例4.5‰、保存温度8℃、保存时间不超过84h。     

补喂复合益生菌对3~6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响

试验旨在研究补喂复合益生菌对3~6月龄伊犁马粪便纤维含量、VFA浓度和血浆细胞因子水平的影响。选取体重相近（90.23 kg±11.02 kg）、健康状况良好的3月龄伊犁马哺乳马驹10匹,随机分为2组,每组5匹,分别为对照组和试验组。在分阶段补喂等量营养水平的精料补充料和苜蓿干草的基础上,试验组每匹马驹每天补喂0.075 g（2×10¹¹ CFU/g）枯草芽孢杆菌和0.133 g（3×10¹⁰ CFU/g）植物乳杆菌复合菌,进行为期90 d的饲养试验。结果显示,补喂复合益生菌能够显著或极显著降低马驹粪便中酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和淀粉的含量（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,分别比对照组低3.50%和11.32%;显著或极显著提高马驹粪便中乙酸和丙酸的浓度（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,分别比对照组高14.65%和64.29%;极显著提高血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的水平（P < 0.01）,比对照组高16.17%。由此可见,补喂复合益生菌能够降低马驹粪便中纤维的含量、提高挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的浓度,增加3~6月龄伊犁马血浆细胞因子水平。     

不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对12月龄焉耆马营养物质消化代谢、血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对12月龄焉耆马营养物质消化代谢、血浆生化指标的影响,为焉耆马的科学饲养提供理论依据。试验选取年龄为12月龄、平均体重为(191±20)kg的焉耆马公马12匹,随机分为2组,每组6匹;采用分期分组的设计方法,第1期为试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组,第2期为试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组,各组饲喂不同纤维和蛋白质水平的饲粮(各组饲粮中纤维和蛋白质水平分别为76.59%、6.81%,74.21%、7.88%,71.82%、8.94%,69.41%、10.01%),进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明:焉耆马对饲粮中干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙、磷摄入量随饲粮中蛋白质水平的增加呈上升趋势,但中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维摄入量呈下降趋势;焉耆马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化率以及消化能和代谢能随饲粮中蛋白质水平的增加而增加,其中试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组钙的消化率比试验Ⅰ组分别提高10.78%(P0.05)、19.48%(P0.05)、7.46%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组代谢能显著高于试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅱ组(P0.05)。就氮、钙、磷代谢而言,焉耆马体内钙、磷的沉积率也呈增加趋势,但增加饲粮中蛋白质水平对氮沉积率无显著影响(P0.05);各组血浆中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、谷氨酰胺含量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,提高焉耆马饲粮中的蛋白质水平可增加营养物质的摄入量,提高营养物质的消化率和沉积量,且以饲粮中纤维水平为69.41%、蛋白质水平为10.01%时最佳,但对血浆生化指标无显著影响。     

奥奶净对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选择45头泌乳前期奶牛,根据年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量进行配对,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,各组均饲喂奶牛场配制的全混合饲料,另外,试验Ⅰ组每天每头奶牛日粮中添加45g奥奶净,试验Ⅱ组每天每头奶牛日粮中添加60g奥奶净,研究奥奶净对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲45g／d和60g／d奥奶净的奶牛产奶量分别提高了2．34％和2．96％（P〈0．05）;乳脂率分别提高2．63％和6．72％;体细胞数分别下降了35．92％和42．55％（P〈0．05）;磷酸肌酸激酶有提高的趋势,乳酸脱氢酶呈下降趋势;奶牛血清IgG、SOD和GSH-Px含量均有不同程度的提高,而MDA呈下降趋势。表明饲喂奥奶净能够促进奶牛泌乳、提高机体免疫力和机体抗应激能力．并有促进营养物质代谢的趋势。     

猪血浆中六茜素的HPLC测定及药代动力学

采用YWG-C18色谱分析柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),Waters TM486可变波长紫外检测器,甲醇-水(4060)为流动相,香草醛为内标;血液样品用乙醚提取纯化后进样,220 nm波长处检测,建立了反相HPLC法检测猪血浆中六茜素(pyroline,PL)含量的方法,同时对PL静脉单次给药(30 mg/kg)后在猪体内的药代动力学进行了分析.结果表明,PL在血液中的线性范围为1.0～100.0 mg/L(r=0.995 3),最低检测量0.1 μg,最低检出质量浓度2.0 mg/L,平均方法回收率为98.36%,精密度考察PL日内、日间相对标准偏差小于4%.所得的PL血药时程符合二室开放模型,药物动力学参数为T1/2a=1.52 min,T1/2β=66.05 min,AUC=880.07 mg/(min@L).表明PL单次给药后,在体内分布广泛而迅速,消除快.试验所建立的HPLC检测法专属性高,快速、准确、重复性好.