高效液相色谱法测定温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量

采用HPLC法测定复方天然药物-温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量.色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶ 50∶ 1),检测波长274 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,保留时间为5.5 min.黄芩苷进样量在0.103 2～2.064 μg范围内,峰面积与进样量之间呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 97).平均回收率99.3%,RSD为0.78%.该方法适用于检测中药新制剂--温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定烯丙孕素微囊中烯丙孕素的含量

建立了烯丙孕素微囊中烯丙孕素的高效液相色谱含量测定方法,采用Kromasil 100-5C18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以流动相水-乙腈(30∶70,V/V)、检测波长236 nm、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温30℃、进样量20 μL为色谱条件,无水乙醇为溶剂对微囊进行加热超声提取.结果 表明...     

HLPC测定制剂中盐酸左旋咪唑的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中盐酸左旋咪唑的含量。色谱柱用 CLC- ODSC1 8( 5μm,4.6mm× 1 50 mm) ,柱温为室温 ,流动相为甲醇 -水 (用冰醋酸调 p H至 4.5) =65∶ 35,检测波长2 54nm,流速 1 ml/min。方法的线性范围为 4.0～ 64.0μg/ml,r=0 .9996,样品回收率为 1 0 1 .1 %RSD为 0 .36%。该法与经典非水滴定法比较 ,两种方法测定结果差异不显著     

蒲公英中总黄酮正交提取工艺的建立

考察pH值、浸泡时间、料液比对蒲公英总黄酮提取率的影响,建立蒲公英总黄酮提取工艺。色谱柱:Eclipse×DB-C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-冰醋酸(60∶40)(V/V);柱温:30℃;流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:254 nm;进样量:20μL,测定黄酮的总含量。结果表明,各因素影响力大小为:pH值浸泡时间料液比;蒲公英中黄酮提取率为9.26%,结果准确可靠。     

HPLC法测定氨苄西林钠可溶性粉中氨苄西林的含量

采用HPLC法测定氨苄西林钠可溶性粉中氨苄西林的含量.色谱柱为WaterssphericalC18(3.9mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈-1mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-1mol/L醋酸溶液(909∶80∶10∶1,V/V),检测波长254nm,流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃,保留时间约4.5min.氨苄西林在0.25～2.0mg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率99.6%,RSD为0.3%.     

饲料中乙酰甲喹含量的HPLC检测

建立饲料中乙酰甲喹的含量高效液相—紫外检测方法。饲料样品用水浸提,水溶液再用三氯甲烷萃取并浓缩,流动相是V(甲醇)∶V(水)=30∶70混合液,紫外波长372nm。饲料样品中乙酰甲喹的定量限10.0μg/g,外标法标准曲线线性范围10.0～5000.0μg/g(r=0.999),平均回收率>95%,批内变异系数和批间变异系数<10%。     

RP-HPLC法测定术苦芩颗粒中黄芩苷和苦参碱含量

为了建立测定术苦芩颗粒中黄芩苷、苦参碱含量的反相高效液相色谱法,采用Wonda Sil?C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,黄芩苷以甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节p H值至3.0)(52∶48,V/V)为流动相,检测波长为274 nm。苦参碱以乙腈∶甲醇∶0.2%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节p H值至7.0)(22∶13∶65,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长220 nm;柱温30℃。术苦芩颗粒中黄芩苷和苦参碱分别在浓度为10μg/m L~150μg/m L和10μg/m L~400μg/m L范围内与峰面积均呈良好线性关系,r=0.99991和r=0.99994,平均加样回收率分别为99.32%和98.37%,其相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.625%和1.206%。用上述方法分别测定黄芩苷和苦参碱含量条件简单、稳定、快速,可用于检测术苦芩颗粒的质量控制标准。     

饲料添加剂百里香油中百里香酚和香芹酚含量的测定

本实验采用高效液相色谱法测定了饲料添加剂百里香油中百里香酚和香芹酚的含量。色谱柱为DiamonsilC18(2)柱,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(60∶4∶2,V∶V∶V),检测波长为274 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,百里香油中百里香酚和香芹酚含量分别为22.70%和5.12%,回收率分别为98.42%和97.81%,变异系数分别为1.18%和0.90%。     

高效液相色谱法测定双氯芬酸钠注射液的含量

目的:建立双氯芬酸钠注射液含量测定的高效液相色谱方法。方法:采用Ultimate LP-C_(18)-H色谱柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),甲醇-4%冰醋酸溶液(70∶30)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为276 nm,采用外标法进行定量。结果:双氯芬酸钠的线性范围为5.03~503.40μg/m L,回归方程为Area=20.942×Amt1-54.805(n=5),相关系数大于0.999。从高(120%)、中(100%)和低(80%)3个添加水平的检测结果可以看出,双氯芬酸钠的回收率为98.17%~103.21%。结论:本方法可用于测定双氯芬酸钠注射液中双氯芬酸钠的含量。     

高效液相色谱法检测鸡粪便中洛克沙胂

建立了用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定鸡粪便中洛克沙胂(ROX)的方法。鸡粪便采用0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钾∶甲醇=90∶10(V/V)溶液作提取液,用Waters Oasis(MAX固相萃取小柱净化;色谱条件为:Agilent C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾∶100 mL/L乙酸∶甲醇=90∶7∶3(V/V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL,紫外检测波长266 nm。ROX的浓度在10.0μg/mL范围内,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法的回收率为80.09%～81.5%,变异系数为2.09%～5.87%,检出限为1.0 mg/kg。该方法精确度和灵敏度很高,适用于鸡粪便中ROX含量的测定。从某鸡场随机采集8个粪样,调查鸡粪中的ROX含量,其ROX的平均浓度为21.49 mg/kg。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -