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试验旨在探究复合维生素包衣对维生素稳定性的影响。试验根据商品肉鸡肉小鸡的营养需要,用米糠粕作为载体,配制5%预混合饲料,满足肉鸡需要的钙、磷、氯化胆碱和氨基酸(不添加维生素和微量元素);在上述基础上进行如下处理:处理1,添加复合维生素(不包衣);处理2,添加复合维生素(包衣);处理3,在处理1(不包衣)基础上+复合微量元素;处理4,在处理2(包衣)基础上+复合微量元素。试验结果表明:①30 d时,包衣维生素组的VD含量显著高于不包衣组(P0.05),VB_1的含量有提高的趋势(0.05P0.10),可提高2.7%;而VA、VE、VB_2和VB_6的含量无显著差异(P0.05)。添加复合微量元素组的VD和VB_1含量显著低于不添加组(P0.05),而VA、VE、VB_2和VB_6的含量无显著差异(P0.05)。60 d时,与不包衣维生素相比,包衣维生素组的VA和VE含量显著提高(P0.05),而VD、VB_1、VB_2和VB_6的含量无显著差异(P0.05)。②相对值比较分析表明,包衣维生素组的VA、VD、VE、VB_1和VB_2等的含量均有不同程度的提高;添加微量元素后,VA、VD、VE、VB_1和VB_2等的含量均有不同程度的降低。③随着时间的延长,各试验组VA、VD、VE、VB_1、VB_2和VB_6的存留率均呈不断减少的趋势;与此同时,包衣维生素30 d和60 d时VA、VD、VE、VB_1、VB_2和VB_6等的存留率均高于不包衣组;添加复合微量元素后,预混料30 d和60 d的VA、VD、VE、VB_1、VB_2和VB_6等的存留率有所降低。由此可见,随着时间的推移,维生素的含量和存留率呈降低趋势,而维生素包衣后,其含量和存留率提高,稳定性更好;添加微量元素后,维生素的含量和存留率均呈降低趋势,稳定性下降。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究液体有机酸对颗粒饲料调制后水分含量、水分活度、霉菌总数及其对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率的影响,为颗粒饲料高效利用和降本增效提供新途径。试验一:选择2种市售液体有机酸SLL5000(主要成分为甲酸、丙酸、表面活性剂、保水因子等)和NVL(主要成分为甲酸、乙酸、表面活性剂等)在颗粒饲料加工调制过程中进行添加。对照组颗粒饲料加工过程中正常使用固体防霉剂(主要成分为丙酸钙),试验1~4组分别在饲料混合仓对物料按照每吨饲料喷洒1.5 kg SLL5000+8.5 kg水、2.0 kg SLL5000+8.0 kg水、1.5 kg NVL+8.5 kg水、2.0 kg NVLL+8.0 kg水进行处理。饲料制粒后,按随机、均匀、等量样品原则分批次取样,测定饲料制粒后水分存留情况和气候变化对饲料储存1个月后饲料品质的影响。试验二:选择健康的60日龄、平均体重1.21 kg的清远麻肉鸡180只(母鸡),随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡,分别对应饲喂试验一处理的5种试验料。预试5 d,饲养试验全期35 d。结果表明:与对照组和液体酸NVL调制饲料相比,液体酸SLL5000能够提高颗粒... 相似文献
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本研究旨在评价不同水分和颗粒粒度的高粱制粒或膨化对不同原料粒度、肉鸡代谢能、氨基酸回肠消化率和肉鸡生长性能的影响。试验以720只雄性雏鸡为研究对象,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。试验处理以2×2×2因子设计,即2种加工方式(制粒和膨化),2个调质水分(1.6%和0.8%),2个颗粒粉碎粒度(650和850μm)。结果显示:在添加1.6%水分的膨化日粮中,制粒制粒和颗粒耐久指数较高。850μm的粒径增加了饲料颗粒耐久指数。各处理组对肉鸡日增重和屠体性状均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在10~13 d饲喂颗粒饲料和添加1.6%水分的饲料的肉鸡表观代谢能和氮校正代谢能均较高(P<0.05),与添加膨化性饲料相比,高粱制粒饲料回肠赖氨酸和甘氨酸消化系数显著提高(P<0.05)。在评价饲料加湿效果时,饲料添加1.6%水分后赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸和精氨酸回肠表观消化系数显著升高(P<0.05)。1.6%水分的膨化饲料较0.8%水分显著提高了21 d肉鸡采食量(P<0.05),在42 d时,0.8%水分的颗粒饲料显著提高了采食量(P<0.05)。结论:以650μm的粉碎粒度和1.6%的水分制备颗粒饲料在肉鸡生长后期可以提高回肠氨基酸消化率和表观代谢能,而膨化工艺提高了42 d肉鸡饲料颗粒制粒和饲料转化率。 相似文献
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维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本试验旨在研究维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响。采用4×4完全随机试验设计,将384只8日龄健康艾维茵雄性肉鸡称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只。其中,VA设4个添加水平,分别为1500、3000、15000和45000IU/kg日粮;VD设4个添加水平,分别为500、1250、2500和5000IU/kg日粮,共构成16个处理组的试验日粮。结果表明:日粮VA水平对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的影响,日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡胫骨灰分含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性相对于1500、3000IU/kgVA组显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),胫骨磷含量显著增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量趋于增加(P>0.05);日粮VA水平为15000IU/kg时,胫骨钙含量、血清AKP活性有降低的趋势,胫骨磷含量趋升高。日粮VD水平在500~5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的胫骨灰分含量、胫骨钙、磷含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着VD添加剂量的增加,血清钙、磷含量呈一次线性增加,胫骨钙含量呈二次曲线上升趋势。日粮VA为15000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA临界过量;日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA过量。日粮VD水平在500~5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢无显著影响。 相似文献
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日粮维生素A和维生素E水平对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
本文旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平维生素A(VA)、维生素E(VE)对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能的影响.选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡960只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复80只.试验日粮参照AA肉仔鸡推荐标准配制,4个处理的日粮VA、VE水平分别为:6 375和37.5 IU/kg、8 500和50 IU/kg、10 625和62.5 IU/kg、12 750和75 IU/kg,试验期49 d.研究结果表明:在本试验范围内,增加日粮VA、VE水平可以改善肉鸡日增重和饲料转化率,不影响脾脏指数和法氏囊指数.随着日粮VA、VE水平的增加,血清中超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性、胸腺指数随之提高,丙二醛(MDA)水平逐渐降低.日粮VA、VE水平从AA肉仔鸡推荐量(VA:8 500 IU/kg,VE:50 IU/kg)分别降至6 375和37.5 IU/kg时,肉鸡血清中Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px水平降低19.17%和4.77%,MDA水平提高10.28%;VA、VE水平分别增加至12 750和75 IU/kg时,Cu-Zn-SoD和GsH-Px水平提高55.60%和17.89%,MDA水平降低3.86%.由此可见,提高肉鸡日粮VA、VE水平可以提高肉鸡抗氧化能力和细胞免疫水平,并且随着VA、VE水平的增加抗氧化能力逐渐提高. 相似文献
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比较了按比例组成的5个VA、VD、VE添加水平组合(VA1500,3000,6000,9000,12000U/kg;VD345,690,1380,2070,2760U/kg;VE4.5,7.5,9.6,14.419.2U/kg),对0~12周龄蛋用型育成鸡的免疫功能和某些血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,血清VA含量在一定范围可反映饲粮VA供应状况,VA6000或9000U/kg组血清VA含量最高;仅8周末血清VE受添加水平影响;VD添加水平只与12周末血清钙、磷含量及碱性磷酸酶活性呈强负相关;试验鸡的新城疫抗体效价未受维生素添加水平的影响。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献