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枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕条件的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌对豆粕进行固体发酵,通过正交试验探讨不同碳源组合、发酵时间、培养温度、水分比例、接种菌量等因素对发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率和蛋白质水解度的影响。结果表明,影响枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率的条件因素的主次顺序为玉米粉比例>培养时间>温度>麸皮比例>水分比例>次粉比例>接种菌量,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A3B1C3D3E2F2G1,粗蛋白质增加率达到28.05%;影响发酵豆粕蛋白质水解率的条件因素的主次顺序为温度>培养时间>玉米粉比例>接种菌量>麸皮比例>次粉比例>水分比例,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A2B3C1D3E3F3G1,蛋白质水解度达到46.46%。枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕的粗蛋白质增加率与蛋白质水解率存在明显的正相关(R2=0.556)。 相似文献
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为克服芽孢杆菌单株菌株在水产动物发酵饲料应用上的局限性和优化对虾颗粒饲料发酵条件,本试验通过对优选芽孢杆菌菌株进行配伍组合,使用福林酚法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和DNS法分别进行蛋白酶、淀粉酶以及纤维素酶活性的定量测定,将选出的酶活性较高的菌株,通过16S rDNA序列信息鉴定定种,并将各菌株进行配伍,以3种酶活性为指标优选最优组合。制备发酵对虾饲料,以酶活性为指标优化加水量、接种量、颗粒大小以及通气量。结果表明:在9种芽孢杆菌组合中,蛋白酶活性最高的组合为8-Z,酶活性为(28.58±0.34)U/mL、淀粉酶活性最高的组合为3-Z,酶活性为(5.58±1.10)U/mL、纤维素酶活最高的组合为3-Z,酶活性为(34.53±7.41)U/mL。菌株组合8-Z(包含解淀粉芽孢杆菌1-D、枯草芽孢杆菌3-D和枯草芽孢杆菌9-D)制备对虾发酵饲料的适宜参数为:加水量1 mL/g,接种量0.5×107~1.5×107 cfu/g,充气量20 mL/g,发酵时间24 h,在此条件下发酵后活菌数为6.48×108 cfu/g。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研制一种肉羊微生物发酵饲料,并确定其固态翻料工艺。以酿酒酵母菌BC、XR4与枯草芽孢杆菌A15为协同发酵菌株;选取麦麸、米糠、枣渣等为发酵饲料原辅料,采用DPS软件对原料进行均匀混料试验设计,选取8个组方进行固态发酵试验,通过测定发酵料中的活菌数,β-葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、多肽等营养活性物质的含量来筛选最优的组方。同时,对筛选出的组方进行翻料工艺的研究,其中,对照组不翻料,试验1组翻料1次,试验2组翻料2次,通过测定发酵过程中的料温变化、发酵料活菌数及3种营养活性物质的含量来确定翻料工艺参数。结果显示,8个试验组中的活菌数均呈现先上升然后快速下降的趋势,3种营养活性物质含量随着发酵时间的延长而显著升高(P<0.05),其中组方7的综合指标最优,其活菌数最高达到了37.30×105 CFU/g,β-葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、多肽含量分别为97.41 mg/100 mg、37.66 mg/100 mg、20.17 μg/100 mg;翻料工艺试验中,发酵结束时2个试验组的活菌数和3种营养活性物质均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),试验2组的活菌数最高值、β-葡聚糖、甘露聚糖、多肽含量分别比对照组提高10.1%、7.5%、7.6%、3.0%。 相似文献
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为改善发酵菜籽粕的营养价值,提高在动物饲料中的使用量。以菜籽粕为原料,选用枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、粪链球菌等菌种,通过单菌株与混菌株固体发酵试验,研究菜籽粕发酵产品的理化性质。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母发酵菜籽粕的效果显著优于其他单菌,明显提高了真蛋白质量分数和氨基酸含量,植物乳杆菌的效果最差。混菌株发酵中枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、粪链球菌、黑曲霉四菌种组合发酵明显高于其他组合,发酵菜籽粕中有益活菌总数为4.35×107cfu/g、真蛋白质量分数为45.69%、氨基酸含量为331.48 mg/g、多肽得率为18.31%、硫苷含量为10.32μmol/g、单宁含量为5.61μg/g。结果提示,混菌株发酵效果明显优于单菌株发酵,混菌株发酵中以枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、粪链球菌、黑曲霉四菌种组合发酵效果最好,提高了菜籽粕作为饲料蛋白的品质。 相似文献
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一株枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过正交优化试验对一株枯草芽孢杆菌的发酵培养基进行优化,结果发现,当培养基中豆粕液为20 g/L,葡萄糖浓度为5 g/L,玉米粉浓度为2 g/L时,在接种量为5 %的情况下,采用此种配比的发酵培养基37 ℃培养24 h,活菌数最高,可达4.0×109 CFU/mL. 相似文献
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多菌种混合发酵棉籽饼粕制备益生菌生物活性饲料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以棉籽饼粕、麸皮、苹果渣为原料,经霉菌XH001、霉菌XH002、地衣芽孢杆菌E01、枯草芽孢杆菌E02、乳酸菌SR01、酿酒酵母和饲料酵母混合发酵生产益生菌饲料。最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度32℃,原料含水量50%,芽孢杆菌接入时间为发酵后12 h,乳酸菌接种量10%,发酵时间48 h。发酵后饲料粗蛋白含量由原来的27.58%提高到37.92%,氨基酸态氮含量达到1.88%,乳酸菌活菌数达2.3亿cfu/g(干基),芽孢杆菌达18.4亿cfu/g(干基)。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究8个不同奶牛微生物发酵饲料组方及翻料工艺对物料中酵母菌活菌数及3种营养活性物质含量的影响,确定优化配方的组成及其配套翻料工艺。试验以麸皮、米糠、棉粕、玉米粉等9种当地农副产品为发酵原料,以DPS软件混料试验方案设计8种不同组方,将酿酒酵母BC、XR4,枯草芽孢杆菌A15按2:2:1混合,分别接种于8个组方中进行固态发酵。通过测定物料中酵母菌活菌数及甘露聚糖、β-葡聚糖、多肽3种营养活性物质含量来筛选优化组方,在此基础上进行翻料工艺的研究,其中对照组不翻料,试验1组翻1次料,试验2组翻2次料,通过测定发酵料料温、酵母菌活菌数及3种营养活性物质含量确定最优工艺。结果显示:①组方8为优化配方,其组成为麸皮8.62%、醋糟5.85%、米糠20.89%、棉粕12.55%、玉米粉11.35%、玉米皮7.31%、玉米渣1.10%、糖渣25.36%、玉米胚芽粕5.35%、硫酸铵1.02%、磷酸二氢钾0.50%、硫酸镁0.10%。②组方8最佳翻料工艺为:料温达到35℃左右时进行第1次翻料,待料温达到42℃时进行第2次翻料。此工艺下物料的技术指标为:活菌数4×105 CFU/g、甘露聚糖41.28 mg/100 mg、β-葡聚糖87.06 mg/100 mg、多肽10.32 μg/100 mg,其含量较对照组分别提高了100.00%、3.90%、4.89%、1.67%;较试验1组分别提高了33.33%、3.07%、3.31%、0.88%。 相似文献
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采用枯草芽孢杆菌、米曲霉和酿酒酵母混合菌株固态发酵法生产大豆多肽饲料。利用枯草芽孢杆菌和米曲霉分泌蛋白酶降解基料中的蛋白质,使其分解成小肽;利用米曲霉将淀粉和纤维素降解为简单糖类物质;利用酿酒酵母分解糖类,产生醇香味,增加多肽饲料的适口性。以高温豆粕为原料,研究了发酵培养基组成、接种菌配比、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对发酵豆粕中多肽得率的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件:豆麸比为8:1(m:m),加蜜量为2%,混菌菌种比(枯草芽孢杆菌、米曲霉、酿酒酵母)为5:1:1(V:V:V),加水量为120%,接种量为25%,发酵温度为34℃,发酵时间为96 h。最终发酵物中多肽得率达54.89%,发酵产物中多肽含量为21.47%(干基)。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献