种公猪精液品质与微量元素的关系

适量的营养水平,是提高公猪健康水平和繁殖性能的决定因素。营养水平的过低或过高,均可导致公猪健康紊乱和繁殖性能减退,微量元素的作用显得十分突出。盐城某种猪场种公猪自2005年1月份开始饲喂某饲料公司的哺乳母猪料以来,到2005年下半年公猪精液出现品质下降,精子活力仅60%~7     

影响种公猪繁殖性能的因素

<正>影响种公猪繁殖性能的因素很多,主要是日粮中的能量、蛋白质和氨基酸、矿物元素、微量元素以及维生素等营养物质水平会影响种公猪的繁殖性能,其次是饲养环境、热应急、水质和p H值等问题。当种公猪的日粮营养水平长期不足或过低时,会导致种公猪的生殖器官正常发育受阻,导致初情期和性成熟延迟。营养水平过低,可使成年公猪所产精液的品质明显降低。营养水平过高,对种公猪的繁殖力也会产生不良影响。过量的能量供给     

影响公猪繁殖性能的饲养管理因素

公猪的繁殖性能在生产实际中的优劣程度常与饲养管理状况密切相关。良好的饲养管理是保证公猪优良繁殖性能的基础条件,饲养管理的实践应着眼于公猪繁殖性能的充分表现,具体讲,就是通过加强饲养管理以保证公猪良好的体况、正常的性机能、提高精子的产量和质量。1公猪的饲料营养营养是维持公猪正常生命活动、产生精子和保持旺盛配种能力的基础。因此,喂给营养全价的日粮,可增进公猪的健康并提高其生精配种能力。1.1营养水平要想使成年公猪达到理想的繁殖状态,其日粮营养水平应不低于NRC推荐的标准。适宜的营养水平是符合公猪生理需要的,水平…     

种公猪营养与繁殖性能

营养与繁殖性能的关系越来越受到人们关注,而种公猪的繁殖性能对养猪生产至关重要。研究表明营养是影响种公猪繁殖性能的主要因素,营养缺乏使得种公猪繁殖性能低下。文中主要综述了能量、蛋白质与氨基酸、维生素、矿物质等营养素与种公猪繁殖性能关系以及种公猪的营养需要等。     

种公猪高效养殖应重视营养

日粮中能量、蛋白质、矿物元素以及维生素等营养水平会影响种公猪的繁殖性能。当猪的日粮营养水平长期不足或过低时,会导致种公猪的生殖器官正常发育受阻,初情期和性成熟延迟。营养水平过低,可使成年公猪所产精液的品质明显降低。营养水平过高,对种公猪的繁殖力也会产生不良影响。过量的能量供给会造成种公猪过肥,使其配种或采精困难以及精液品质下     

影响种公猪繁殖性能的营养因素

正饲养种公猪的主要目的就是为了能够为养殖场培养出更多优质的仔猪。因此,种公猪具有健康的体魄、良好的配种能力就显得十分重要了,这样的种公猪繁殖性能往往更强,而在发展养殖业时,影响种公猪繁殖性能的因素可谓是多种多样,其中营养因素可谓是重中之重。本文,笔者将对其进行详细的探讨。1能量因素对种公猪繁殖性能的影响种公猪的生产中,种公猪繁殖性能的高低直接影响后代的数量、质量以及生产效益。种公猪     

影响种公猪繁殖性能的营养因素

在种公猪的生产中,种公猪繁殖性能的高低直接影响后代的数量.质量以及生产效益.种公猪精液品质的好坏是衡量其繁殖性能的重要指标之一.而饲料中的营养因素是影响种公猪精液品质的重要因素.本文主要综述了影响种公猪繁殖性能的营养因素.     

种公猪营养、饲养管理和繁殖性能研究概述

本文就种公猪的营养、饲养管理和繁殖性能之间的相互关系进行简要概述。研究如何更好地选择出性能良好的种公猪,实现种公猪最大的使用价值以及最好的繁殖性能。根据公猪的品种和使用情况确定公猪的营养水平,建立良好的饲养管理方案,从而最大限度地提高公猪的繁殖性能。     

种公猪的营养需要及营养对种公猪繁殖性能的影响

种公猪的繁殖力不仅直接决定公猪站的经济效益,而且也直接影响规模化猪场母猪的繁殖性能。种公猪的繁殖力受多种因素的影响,营养是其中的重要因素之一。本文就国内外关于种公猪营养的文献报道,针对营养对种公猪繁殖性能的影响及种公猪的营养需要做较为全面的综述,为生产上公猪的日粮配比提供参考。     

种公猪性功能障碍原因与预防措施

种公猪的繁殖性能决定着养猪业的健康发展与养猪场的经济效益。该文就种公猪发生性功能障碍原因,如饲料营养、饲养管理、生活环境等因素进行总结,并提出解决方案,以减轻因种公猪性能障碍造成的损失,促进养猪业的健康发展。同时,希望能引起种猪技术管理人员足够重视,在种公猪养殖中加强饲养管理,饲喂符合营养需求的全价配合饲料,以减少种公猪发生性功能障碍的可能性,充分发挥种公猪的生殖性能,提高种公猪的繁殖能力与使用年限,增加养殖收益。     

公猪繁殖性能评定

随着规模化养猪业的发展及人工授精技术的普及,公猪繁殖性能已是影响猪场经济效益的重要因素。如何准确评定公猪的繁殖能力,保证人工授精效果,进而保证母猪的繁殖性能的发挥,是养猪人工作中的重要环节。生产实践中最常用的是通过显微镜对猪精细胞水平进行检测。科研人员也在一直研究影响人工授精效果的因素,将精液的检测从细胞水平上升至分子水平,再用分子标记手段将公猪繁殖性能由检测提前至预测,最大限度地保证公猪的繁殖性能,保证优良公猪的性能得到最大程度的发挥。文章从精液品质、人工授精效果、分子水平检测、标记物等几个方面介绍公猪繁殖性能评价时需要衡量的指标,为公猪繁殖性能评定提供参考。     

The effect of chorionic gonadotropin administration on testosterone levels in the blood of boars with sexual function disorders]

Thirty-three boars with sexual dysfunctions and twenty-six boars clinically sound as to their reproductive capacity were evaluated for the testosterone levels in the blood plasma before i.v. administration of 500 i.u. of chorionic gonadotropin and two hours after the administration. A group of animals with reproduction disorders comprised boars with an impaired quality of ejaculate and low fertility ability (18 boars) and with sexual dysfunctions (15 boars). No statistically significant difference in the basal concentration of testosterone in the blood was found in the boars with the studied sexual dysfunctions, as compared with the boars with no sexual dysfunctions. Administration of chorionic gonadotropin increased significantly the plasma testosterone levels in both groups. If the effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the studied level of this hormone was compared in boars with sexual dysfunctions and in boars without any disorders, no significant differences were proved. It has been inferred from the above findings that there are no significant disorders of androgen supply and incretion reserve of the gonads in the boars with sexual dysfunctions.     

克隆种公猪生长状况和繁殖性能评价

体细胞核移植技术可以成功用于克隆性能优良的种用家畜,理论上克隆个体与供体在遗传上是完全相同的。为验证该理论,本试验检测了克隆种公猪自身在出生后的生长发育指标以及克隆种公猪与供核种公猪精液品质各项指标、情期受孕率、窝产仔数、产活仔数、断奶活仔数、仔猪初生重、仔猪断奶重和平均日增重等指标,探讨了克隆种公猪与供核种公猪在繁殖性能以及遗传性能之间的关系。结果显示,克隆种公猪与供核种公猪在各检测指标之间均不存在显著差异(P>0.05),提示克隆种公猪与供核种公猪在繁殖性能和遗传性能上无显著差异,可以作为种公猪用于扩繁。     

撒坝猪血清淀粉酶与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对115头撒坝猪血清淀粉酶（Am）多态性进行了检测,并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对不同淀粉酶基因型与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,所检测到的血清淀粉酶AA、AB和BB3种基因型的频率分别为0．1739、0．4261和0．4000,2个等位基因A和B的频率分别为0．3870和0．6130,未发现C基因。该位点的遗传多样性指数为0．4744。在3种基因型中,不同基因型公、母猪间的繁殖性能差异未达到显著水平（P＞0．05）,但公、母猪不同基因型交配组合间的繁殖性能则在仔猪断奶体重上存在着显著差异（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。说明血清淀粉酶多态性与某些繁殖性状之间存在着一定的相关。     

骨桥蛋白在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达及其与繁殖性能的相关性

本试验旨在研究骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达和定位,并探究其与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。试验采集了长白公猪精液和不同阶段（3日龄、3月龄、6月龄和12月龄）的睾丸组织,通过蛋白印迹的方法检测OPN蛋白在精液和不同月龄睾丸中的表达,通过免疫组化的方法对OPN蛋白在公猪睾丸细胞中进行定位;同时,根据配种胎次≥ 20胎,3次配种公猪为同一头的标准,筛选并采集17头长白种公猪精液,统计相对应的1 388头母猪的生产成绩,计算得到公猪繁殖性能指标（包括窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、分娩率和繁殖力）。低温离心精液分离得到精子和精浆,丙酮法提取精浆蛋白,Lysis buffer方法提取精子蛋白,最后运用BCA和ELISA的方法检测精子和精浆中OPN蛋白的含量,分析OPN蛋白与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。蛋白印迹结果显示,OPN在精子、精浆和各月龄阶段的长白公猪睾丸中均以两种形式表达（67.4和33.7 ku）,且67.4 ku的形式在3月龄公猪睾丸中表达量最高;免疫组化的结果显示,OPN在长白公猪的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞中表达,在精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞中无表达;BCA和ELISA结果显示,精子中的OPN蛋白含量是精浆中的7倍（P<0.05）,精液中的OPN蛋白与公猪窝产活仔数显著正相关（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,OPN在各阶段的长白公猪睾丸中都有表达,且在精子和精浆中也有表达,这可能与公猪的繁殖性能有关,从而为后期OPN蛋白在公猪受精力的研究奠定基础。     

环境温度与公猪繁殖力

温度是影响种公猪繁殖性能的重要因素.温度过高和过低都会导致种公猪精液品质下降、性欲下降,配种母猪妊娠率、产仔率和仔猪成活率下降等.因而为种公猪提供适宜的环境温度,避免热应激或冷应激是保证种公猪身体健康和繁殖力的重要举措.文章结合温度影响种公猪繁殖力的机理,阐述了环境温度与种公猪繁殖力的关系以及在种公猪饲养管理过程中为保...     

舍内关键环境因子对畜禽健康影响的研究进展

养殖环境是影响畜禽健康和生长的重要因素,饲养密度过高易导致畜禽舍内局部空气温湿度、空气环境颗粒物和有害气体浓度升高,畜禽易出现热应激和呼吸道疾病,降低生长性能。明确养殖不利环境因素对畜禽健康的影响和机制,对于通过改善养殖环境提高畜禽健康状况具有重要意义。文章针对畜禽舍高温、颗粒物和有害气体等关键环境因子对畜禽生长性能、繁殖性能、免疫性能和呼吸道健康等的影响进行综述,针对存在问题提出建议,旨在为我国畜禽养殖产业转型升级与可持续发展提供理论依据。     

Does a Boar's Season of Birth Determine Semen Parameters and Reproductive Performance?

This article studies the effect of a boar's birth season and breed on semen parameters and its further reproductive performance. Research material consisted of 72 boars from three breeds (24 Polish Large White PLW, 24 Polish Landrace PL, 24 Duroc × Pietrain D×P). During the whole period of the study, selected semen parameters were analysed: semen volume, spermatozoa concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total number of motile spermatozoa, number of insemination doses and also reproductive indicators: farrowing rate, total born litter size, total number of piglets born live and still, and average piglet weight. Boars born in the winter and summer months demonstrated the highest spermatozoa concentrations (383.25 and 392.37 × 10⁶/ml), total number of spermatozoa (91.75 and 93.21 × 10⁹), total number of motile spermatozoa (76.10 and 77.99 × 10⁹) and number of insemination doses (24.53 and 24.89; p ≤0.01). Statistically lower values for these parameters were observed for boars born in the spring and especially in autumn (p ≤0.01). The significant impact of birth season on farrowing rate (p ≤ 0.05) and average piglet weight (p ≤ 0.05) was confirmed for PLW boars. For the PL breed, only the total number of piglets born live was proven to be significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05). No impact of birth season was shown on semen quality or reproductive performance for D×P boars. In our study, we showed that the birth season of a boar had a more impact on the level of semen parameters, and less on the reproductive performance indicators. The results indicated that both the quality of semen and reproductive performance varied in terms of the study factors, as well as between individual breeds of boars involved in the experiment.     

Biological markers of boar fertility

The semen evaluation techniques used in most commercial artificial insemination centers, which includes sperm motility and morphology measurements, provides a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. As well, differences in relative boar fertility are masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial artificial insemination (AI) in many countries. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be seen in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. The increased efficiency of pork production should involve enhanced use of boars with strong reproductive efficiency and the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Given that the current measures of semen quality are not always indicative of fertility and reproductive performance in boars, accurate and predictive genetic and protein markers are still needed. Recently, significant efforts have been made to identify reliable markers that allow for the identification and exclusion of sires with reduced reproductive efficiency. This paper reviews the current status of proteomic and genomic markers of fertility in boars in relation to other livestock species.     

Associations between health disorders of French dairy cows and early and late culling within the lactation

Data from an observational study, carried out during a 4.5 year period (1986–1990), were used to quantify the effects of health disorders on the risk of culling. The study population consisted of 47 commercial Holstein dairy herds from western France, comprising 4123 cows.

Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between health disorders and early and late culling. Fourteen main health disorders with clinical signs and one subclinical disease were studied: abortion, periparturient accident, calving provided with assistance, digestive disorders, ketosis, locomotor disorders, mastitis, metritis, milk fever, cystic ovaries, respiratory disorders, retained placenta, teat injuries, non-traumatic udder disorders and status with respect to milk somatic cell count. Adjustments were made for year, month of calving, parity, breeding value for milk, best of the two first milk production records and reproductive performance. The possible effects of interactions among variables were also studied. The herd effect was taken into account using random effect models.

Non-traumatic udder disorders, teat injuries, milk fever and the occurrence of both ketosis and assistance at calving were significantly associated with an increased risk of being early culled (odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.6 to 10.3). Early and late abortion, late metritis, poor peproductive performance, retained placenta, non-traumatic udder disorders within 45 days post-partum and mastitis occurring in the first 3 months of the lactation were positively associated with a late culling (OR ranging from 1.2 to 6.6). Cows with lower breeding value for milk and higher parities were high risk groups for culling. A lower level of milk production and occurrence of both reproductive disorders and poor reproductive performance were risk factors for late culling.