磷酸活化法制备木质活性炭研究

在不同操作条件下制备得到各种活性炭，实验测定了相应的活性炭得率及活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力和苯酚吸附值。并分别研究了它们与活化实验的浸渍比、活化时间和活化温度之间的关系。实验结果表明，浸渍比是磷酸活化法制备活性炭的最重要的影响因素。综合考虑活性炭的得率和吸附性能受活化操作参数的影响规律，探讨了磷酸活化法生产木质活性炭的最优操作参数。在实验范围内，选择磷酸活化法生产木质活性炭的浸渍比100％～150％，活化温度500℃左右，活化时间60～90min比较适宜。在相对最优实验条件下制备所得到的活性炭的比表面积达到1536m^2／g，微孔孔容和中孔孔容分别为0．581和0.267cm^3／g。     

磷酸活化法制备棉秆活性炭的研究

通过研究活化工艺条件对棉秆活性炭吸附性能的影响，探讨了磷酸活化棉秆原料制备活性炭的可行性。结果表明：磷酸活化棉秆原料能制备出糖液脱色用活性炭的优级品，其碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝以及焦糖脱色力分别达N920mg／g、200mL/g和130％。其最佳活化工艺务件为：磷酸浓度50％，浸渍比2．5：1，浸溃时间60min，活化温度500％，活化时间60min。其中浸渍比对棉秆活性炭的脱色能力影响最大。     

磷酸法制备活性炭工艺研究

以杉木屑为原料,采用磷酸浸渍在高温下对其进行活化,制备活性炭。探讨温度、保温时间、磷酸浓度对活性炭性能的影响。结果表明,随着温度和保温时间的增加,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和苯吸附值总体呈上升的趋势。随着磷酸浓度的增加,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值呈先降后升的趋势。在较优的实验工艺下,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和吸苯率分别为330.0 mg·g-1、1 015.7 mg·g-1和59.2%。     

磷酸活化法制备稻壳活性炭的研究

研究了磷酸活化法制备稻壳活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了浸渍比、活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度对活化效果的影响.结果表明最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:2.5,活化剂浓度为60%,活化时间为90 min,活化温度为550℃;产品各项吸附指标均符合国家标准要求.     

KOH活化法制备棉花秸秆活性炭的研究

以棉花秸秆为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭样品,探讨了炭化、活化及后处理过程中各实验条件对活性炭样品性能的影响。综合考虑活性炭样品的性能及得率,得出较优的实验条件为:炭化温度450～500℃、碱炭比值1.0、活化温度800℃、活化时间120 min;在较优条件下制得活性炭的比表面积2 312 m2/g,碘吸附值1 936 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值392 mg/g;孔径分布以微孔为主;表面含有羟基(—OH)、活泼氢(—H)等基团。     

KOH活化制备高比表面积竹活性炭研究

研究了KOH浸渍量、活化温度、活化时间等因素对活性炭收率、微孔结构和吸附性能的影响，结果表明：当碱，竹比为0．7，炭化温度为500℃，炭化时间为1h，活化温度为800℃，活化时间为20min时，所制得的活性炭的微孔比表面积达2492m^2／g、碘吸附值2382mg／g、亚甲基蓝吸附值558mg／g。     

氯化锌法低温活化制备桑枝活性炭的研究

世界活性炭需求量的增加,使原料变得紧张。开发和节约资源,是解决原料紧张的重要措施。用桑枝为原料,ZnCl2为活化剂,在充氮条件下,采用低温450℃活化,使活性炭得率为50％（原料以含水率20％桑木屑计）,同目前用的高温活化比较,生产1t活性炭就节约1t桑木屑。且制备出的药用活性炭亚甲基兰脱色高达285mg·g^-1,糖用活性炭A法焦糖脱色100％。     

水蒸气活化法制备松籽壳活性炭工艺

研究了水蒸气法活化制备松籽壳活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间和水蒸气用量对活化效果的影响。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:炭化温度500℃、活化温度950℃、活化时间120 min和水蒸气用量为炭化料的1.8倍,制备的活性炭碘值1144 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值171 mL/g,产品得率15.6%。这些指标与木质活性炭相当,且投资少,能耗低,具有良好的社会效益与经济效益。     

三倍体毛白杨制备活性炭的研究

以三倍体毛白杨木屑为原料,经磷酸浸渍、马沸炉高温烧制后制备活性炭,并且通过模拟染料废水探讨其吸附性能.研究结果表明,活性炭适宜的制备条件为:木屑粒径40～60目,磷酸质量分数55%,固液体积比1∶2,活化温度400 ℃,活化时间4 h;该活性炭对碱性品红的最佳吸附条件为:30 ℃,pH值7,吸附时间4 h;其再生性能良好,与商品活性炭相比,具有更好的吸附性能.     

磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭

以微晶纤维素为原料,在不添加黏结剂的条件下,采用磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭。分析了捏合过程和炭活化工艺对活性炭耐磨强度、吸附性能和孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明,炭活化温度的升高及保温时间的延长有利于颗粒活性炭强度的提高;随着浸渍比值的升高,颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积和中孔容积均呈不断上升的趋势;浸渍比值较小,较细微孔结构发达,浸渍比值较大,较大微孔结构发达。在较佳的工艺条件下:捏合温度150℃,浸渍比值1.25,捏合时间55 min,炭活化温度450℃和保温时间1.0 h,制得颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、强度、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积、中孔容积和平均孔径分别为896.6 mg/g、131.3 mg/g、94.69%、1 377.3 m2/g、1.083 cm3/g、0.514 cm3/g、0.569 cm3/g和3.14 nm。     

Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon

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Research on Magnetic Activated Carbon by XPS

DIntroduction'Asonekindofimportantedbent,activatedcarbo11wasusedinlnoreandl11orefieIds.MagneticactivatedcarbonisbecoIninganinterestil1gsubjectfOrsoIvi11gseparationofactivatedcarbo11i11thisfieId.Mag11eticactivatedcarbol1wl1ichusemagneticreagentandacti-vatedcarbonasrawmateriaIl1asmal1yadva11tagesl'Isuchasgiantspecificsurface'weII-distributiOI1al1d firmly-combined1nagl1e1ism.ButtI1eadsorptivemechanismoftl1emagneticreage11tol1activatedcarbonisstiIIunknown.X-rayphotoelectronpectroscopy(X…     

活性炭对半乳甘露低聚糖的脱色研究

旨在通过活性炭对半乳甘露低聚糖溶液进行脱色精制,从而提高半乳甘露低聚糖的纯度.首先,运用单因素试验和正交试验方法,获得最佳的脱色条件,最后对脱色后的产物进行红外分析及吸附等温线的测定.研究发现:相比于粉末活性炭和柱状活性炭,颗粒活性炭的选择性脱色精制效果最佳,因此选择颗粒活性炭进行下一步的单因素试验和正交优化试验.首先...     

Preparation of activated carbon fibers with large specific surface area from softwood acetic acid lignin

Softwood acetic acid lignin (SAL) free from a high-molecular-mass fraction could be spun at 220°C by a spinning machine equipped with an extruder. Although the resulting fibers required thermostabilization, this step could be conducted with a faster heating rate than that for fibers obtained from hardwood acetic acid lignin (HAL). The thermostabilized SAL fibers were converted to activated carbon fibers (ACF) by carbonization in a stream of nitrogen at 1000°C, followed by steam activation at 900°C. At an activation time of 40 min, the SAL-ACF had a larger specific surface area than the corresponding HAL-ACF. When the activation time for SAL carbon fibers was prolonged to 80 min, the adsorption capacities of resulting ACF against iodine and methylene blue were markedly increased, as was the surface area of the ACF. It was found that SAL-ACF had adsorption properties comparable to those of high-performance commercial ACF. Also, it had a tensile strength equal to that of a pitch-derived ACF.Part of this work was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Preparation of activated carbon moldings from the mixture of waste newspaper and isolated lignins: mechanical strength of thin sheet and adsorption property

To expand the utilization of waste newspapers and lignin, activated carbon (AC) sheets, as an example of AC moldings, were prepared from those mixtures. The isolated lignins used were softwood and hardwood acetic acid lignins (SAL and HAL), softwood kraft lignin (KL), and wheat-straw lignin (WSL). The mixtures were molded into precursory sheets by thermal compression and then converted to AC sheets by carbonization and steam activation. The flexural strength of the precursory sheets was dramatically improved by additing the lignins compared to that of sheets without lignin. The strength of several sheets was more than 25 MPa. This suggested that lignins act as adhesives. SAL and HAL sheets with 40% newspaper were strengthened by the carbonization, whereas the strength of other lignin sheets was depressed. Finally, the AL-based AC sheets showed higher flexural strength (>6MPa) than others. Most of the AC sheets had adsorption ability comparable to that of commercially available AC powder and granules. The capacities were almost independent of paper content. Among the AC moldings tested, the AL-based AC sheets showed the fastest adsorption top-chlorophenol. Thus, viable AC moldings can be prepared from lignin-wastepaper mixtures, particularly SAL and HAL.     

Activated carbon sheet prepared from softwood acetic acid lignin

As an example of activated carbon (AC) moldings, AC sheets were prepared from thermoplastic acetic acid lignin by lamination. The resulting AC sheets are a new type of product that can be applied as water and air cleaners. Powdered softwood acetic acid lignin (SAL) was molded into sheets by a thermal pressing method. When the sheet was carbonized under a stream of nitrogen at 1000°C, it was deformed with expansion and contained much foam. The deformation during carbonization was suppressed by the addition of pulp to the lignin. A sheet prepared by mixing lignin with pulp was directly carbonized without thermostabilization. The carbonized sheet was activated with steam for 2h. The resulting AC sheet had adsorption properties, such as specific surface and iodine adsorption capacity, comparable to those of commercial AC powders or granules. Furthermore, the AC sheet had a larger capacity to adsorb methane than did the commercial AC powder. Therefore, SAL seems to be a promising source for the AC moldings.     

薄皮核桃壳基活性炭的制备及表征

【目的】以农林废弃物薄皮核桃壳为原料,通过化学活化-高温炭化法制备多孔活性炭材料,优化制备工艺过程,表征吸附性能机理,为薄皮核桃壳的开发利用提供技术指导。【方法】以碘吸附值和亚基甲蓝吸附值为考察指标,进行活化剂的筛选,并进一步考察原料粒度、料液比、活化时间、炭化温度和炭化时间对制备出的活性炭的吸附性能的影响。采用N2吸附-脱附等温线、元素分析仪和FTIR测定了活性炭的孔隙结构、主要元素组成和表面官能团,扫描电镜分析形貌结构,XRD和TG分析活性炭的结晶度和热稳定性。【结果】选用磷酸为最佳活化剂,薄皮核桃壳活性炭的最佳制备工艺条件为:核桃壳粉100目、料液比1:4、活化时间120 min、炭化温度500℃、炭化时间60 min,此工艺条件下制备出的活性炭的碘吸附值为657.42±3.16 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为248.55±1.94 mg/g。制备出的活性炭的表面积为449.80 m2/g,具有丰富的孔隙结构,孔容积为1.11 m2/g,平均孔径为7.87 nm。碳元素含量为65.56%,结晶度不高,为无定型结构,活性炭在400℃左右发生热降解,主要含有羧基、酚基、醇羟基等活性官能团。【结论】采用磷酸活化法制备出的薄皮核桃壳活性炭的孔隙结构发达,具有良好的吸附性能,碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均高于国家标准,具有将废弃物资源循环利用的价值和前景。     

磷酸氢二铵处理五节芒茎秆板的阻燃性能

为了寻找木材资源的替代品,进行了非木材植物——五节芒茎秆的利用研究.将五节芒茎秆制成丝条,先用不同质量分数的磷酸氢二铵进行阻燃处理,然后顺纤维同向铺装、热压,制成茎秆板.其阻燃性能测定结果表明:在50kW/m2的热辐射功率下,与对照板材相比,五节芒茎秆板的热释放速率、总释放热、有效燃烧热等明显降低;试板点燃和发生轰然的时间延长,残余物质量增加.     

山核桃壳制吸附汽油蒸气的载体活性炭试验

以山核桃壳为原料,采用磷酸活化法活化,经过浸渍、膨胀塑化、炭化、活化、漂洗和烘干等工序制得汽油蒸气吸附载体活性炭。采用正交试验方法,研究了磷酸浓度、炭化温度、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,较优的制炭工艺条件为：磷酸浓度85％,膨胀塑化130℃,炭化温度250℃,活化温度480℃,活化时间120 min。在较优工艺条件下制得活性炭试样,它的丁烷工作容量为13.55 g/100 mL,25℃时汽油蒸气吸附量为605 mg/ g,BET 比表面积为2215.37 m2/ g,孔容积为1.4247 cm3/ g。     

竹质活性炭制备的研究进展

分析了1989年以来,国内竹质活性炭制备研究概况,综述了KOH活化法、H3PO4活化法、ZnC l2活化法和水蒸汽活化法制备竹质活性炭的工艺和机理研究进展,通过比较,认为环保型水蒸汽法是常规竹质活性炭制备的发展方向;并提出今后的研究可在三个方面加强:一是全面、系统地研究各因素及因素间的交互作用以深化制备工艺的研究;二是引入新技术以拓展制备技术的研究,三是以应用需要推动制备技术的研究。