川乡黑猪生长发育研究进展

采用群体闭锁式核心群选育法,测定川乡黑猪世代种猪生产性能,根据综合指数高低和分子标记辅助选择选留优秀个体。完成了7个世代生产性能测定,旨在研究和提高川乡黑猪的生产性能,为养猪生产提供优秀黑种猪。结果表明：经过0～7世代的选育,其产仔数达10.27头,产活仔数9.58头;G7世代达100 kg体重校正日龄公猪、母猪分别达160.22 d、160.09 d,校正活体背膘厚公猪、母猪分别为9.95 mm、10.89 mm;G7世代肥育性能达100 kg体重日龄、活体校正背膘厚、料重比分别为160.56 d、10.25 mm、2.55。研究结果表明,川乡黑猪经世代选育后,生产性能良好,是一个优秀的黑色种公猪。     

珍禽养殖试验示范报告

经肉用生产性能测定，绿头野鸭、珍珠鸡、乌骨鸡、七彩山鸡、鹧鸪12周的平均体重分别为1235．7、879．2、846．7、642．0和353．9g。法肉鹌鹑和龙城公鹑6周龄平均体重分别为218．6和132．6g。绿头野鸭、珍珠鸡、乌骨鸡、七彩山鸡、鹧鸪、法肉鹌鹑、龙城公鹑的平均日增重依次为14．3、10．3、9．8、7．4、4．0、5．0和3．4g。半净膛率依次为79．7％、82．7％、83．6％、72．2％、80．7％、82．1％、81．3％。料肉比依次为3．41：1、3．88：1、3．67：1；5．00：1、3．77：1、3．35：1、3．94：1。只均盈利依次为5．21、6．19、8．79、7．17、3．08、1．35和0．84元。经产蛋性能测定，龙城蛋鹑365d的平均产蛋率为72．7％，平均产蛋量为2．65kg，平均蛋重10.5g，平均料蛋比3.44:1 ,只均盈利2.72元。制定了各类珍禽的饲养管理规程。1996－1998年课题组在张掖地区推广各类珍禽124.45万只，累计创产值2549万元，创利税646.9万元。2000年全区珍禽的年饲养量稳定在了100多万只。     

宁夏荷斯坦牛群体型线性评定分析报告

国内外奶牛体型与生产性能研究结果表明．奶牛的体型性状与其产奶性能、繁殖性能、抗病性能、使用年限及相关管理特性都具有一定的相关性．具备有良好功能体型的荷斯坦牛个体．其终身生产性能综合指数表现较高。通过对奶牛体型线性鉴定结果进行科学的数据分析研究。可以综合评价荷斯坦母牛群体型（部位）结构及线性性状存在的优缺点．评估种公牛对奶牛体型性状的遗传改良效果。     

尼里水牛与温州水牛杂种后代的主要生产性能测定

利用巴基斯坦尼里水牛作父本与温州水牛(母本)进行杂交试验,观察其后代的主要生产性能(泌乳性能、生长性能、繁殖性能、产肉性能).结果表明,尼温水牛的泌乳、生长、繁殖、产肉、役用等主要生产性能均得到明显提高.     

玉山黑猪与巴克夏、长白二元杂交猪屠宰及肉质性能比较研究

为比较巴玉、长玉二元杂交猪屠宰、肉质性能差异,本试验选取2窝日龄相同、体重接近的巴克夏×玉山黑猪、长白×玉山黑猪作为材料,在相同半放养饲养方式条件下进行饲喂试验,在试验猪只平均体质量达到135 kg(平均350日龄)以上级别时按NY/T825-2004方法进行屠宰测定,结果显示:体长、皮厚、皮率、失水率、a(红度)、...     

玉山黑猪与巴克夏、长白二元杂交猪屠宰及肉质性能比较研究

为比较巴玉、长玉二元杂交猪屠宰、肉质性能差异,本试验选取2窝日龄相同、体重接近的巴克夏×玉山黑猪、长白×玉山黑猪作为材料,在相同半放养饲养方式条件下进行饲喂试验,在试验猪只平均体质量达到135kg（平均350日龄）以上级别时按NY/T825-2004方法进行屠宰测定,结果显示：体长、皮厚、皮率、失水率、a﹡（红度）、脂肪含量两者之间差异极显著（P〈0.01）,眼肌面积、平均背膘厚度、脂率、两组之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;在硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸、花生四烯酸方面,长玉组含量高于巴玉组,其中硬脂酸前者高于后者14.75%,差异明显（P〈0.05）,但两者总体差异不明显（P〉0.05）。     

大围子猪不同杂交组合性能比较试验

本试验以湘黄猪、杜洛克猪、英系大白猪和丹系长白猪为父本,组配黄围、杜围、大围和长围等组合,观察大围子猪不同杂交组合的繁育、肥育和屠宰等性能表现。结果表明:黄围和杜围的产仔数较多(13.62头和13.12头)、60日龄育成率较高(92.24%和89.49%)、60日龄窝重较大(190.63kg和173.70kg)、日增重较大(579.21g和539.75g)、瘦肉率较高(55.94%和54.94%)和胴体肉质较优。经最小二乘方差分析,繁育和肥育性能组合间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

再论提高母猪生产性能的途径

再论提高母猪生产性能的途径张华，张巴克近２０年，英、美、法、日等国在世界著名的瘦肉型品种大型约克夏、长白、杜洛克和汉普夏母猪的年繁胎数２．２窝，育成仔猪１４头左右，双月窝重１５０～１６０ｋｇ的基础上，再引入我国太湖猪进行导入杂交，在日粮全价营养条件下...     

雏鹰黑猪新品系性能测定研究

为了解雏鹰黑猪新品系培育所取得的进展,分别对雏鹰黑猪新品系进行了繁殖性能、生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉品质等测定,其中,选择300窝测定繁殖性能,50头生长育肥猪(30~100 kg)测定生长性能,16头育肥猪[(101.9±7.4)kg]测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质。结果表明,在繁殖性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系母猪窝平均产仔数11.53±2.41头、平均活仔数(11.18±2.45)头、初生重(1.36±0.42)kg;在生长性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系平均日增重达(610±6.4)g、料重比约3.4:1;在屠宰性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系屠宰率为74.09%、瘦肉率为57.33%、平均背膘厚34.49 mm;肉色鲜红,pH和大理石纹适中。由此可以得出,雏鹰黑猪新品系与国内外优良品种相比在繁殖性能、生长性能、屠宰性能等方面的性状,均已达到理想水平。雏鹰黑猪新品系的培育已经取得较大进展。     

新疆褐牛的现状与前景

1新疆褐牛概况 新疆褐牛是我国于1983年育成的乳肉兼用牛.本品种是以前苏联、奥地利、西德等国外引入的瑞士褐牛、阿拉托乌牛、科斯特罗姆等种牛为父本对本地黄牛进行3代以上杂交改良,经长期选种选配,培育而成.其毛色为褐色,深浅不一,体型较大,体质结实健壮,遗传性能稳定,生产性能较高,耐粗饲,抗寒、抗病力强,适应山地、草原放牧,在新疆地区分布广泛.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.