共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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20世纪80年代开始研究的纳米技术在90年代获得了突破性进展,它给许多行业带来巨大变化,它对生物医学的渗透与影响是显而易见的。利用纳米技术可将生物降解性和生物相容性的聚合物与药物一起制成纳米药物,作为靶向药物制剂,直接导入病灶部位的器官、组织甚至细胞,达到提高药物疗效,降低毒性的作用;将纳米材料作为药物载体,可增加某些药物的胃肠吸收,提高其生物利用度;将纳米材料作为载体,可用于基因的输送和治疗。文章就纳米技术在生物医学中的研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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纳米技术及其在动物科学中的应用前景 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
纳米技术是20世纪90年代出现的一门新兴技术。由于纳米材料理化性质的奇特性,将在物理、化学、生物学、材料学、医学等众多领域具有巨大的发展潜力。动物科学作为生物学的一个分支,也必将受到纳米技术的巨大影响。纳米技术使基因工程变得更加可控,人们可根据自己的需要制造多种多样的生物“产品”,农、林、牧、副、渔业也可能因此发生深刻变革。本文就纳米粒子的基本特性,纳米技术在遗传育种、动物营养、药物开发、防疫诊断、畜禽产品质量和畜牧环境污染等与动物科学相关领域中的应用进行阐述。 相似文献
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药物载体是指能够改变药物进入体内的方式和在体内的分布,控制药物的释放速率,并将药物输送到靶器官的物质。纳米乳作为新型药物载体,具有不可比拟的优点。纳米乳为各向同性的透明液体,热力学稳定,可过滤灭菌,易于保存;可作为油溶性药物和水难溶性药物的载体,使不溶或难溶性药物的溶解度显著提高,从而提高药物的生物利用度及机体的吸收速度;能够促进大分子水溶性药物在机体内的吸收,提高易酸败、易水解和易挥发药物的稳定性,也可作为缓释给药系统或靶向给药系统可使药物浓集在靶向器官,增强药物的疗效;乳滴粒径小且均匀,能提高包封药物的分散度, 相似文献
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纳米技术是20世纪80年代新兴发展起来的核心信息技术,广泛应用于生命医学、光电化工等领域。纳米技术与寄生虫病的试剂仪器诊断、药物治疗及疫苗防控环节有机结合,全面应用于纳米金标检测试纸条、试剂盒和仪器设备、纳米载体靶向驱虫药物、新型纳米疫苗佐剂的研发制备等方面,深入渗透到医学领域并广泛应用到寄生虫学中。作者着眼于当前纳米技术在寄生虫学中的应用,重点阐述了其在寄生虫病的检测诊断、驱虫药物和疫苗佐剂中的应用情况,包括胶体金标记免疫亲和层析、微粒材料合成、生物传感等纳米技术在寄生虫病检测诊断中的应用,总结了新型纳米驱虫药物脂质载体、化学合成药、草本中药研发的进展,并对疫苗佐剂研发中的热点,如纳米脂质体、聚合物颗粒、细胞因子的相关进展进行了概述。本文旨在为纳米技术在寄生虫学中的深入应用和研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The term "primates" comprises a varied group of animals, consisting of more than 250 different species. The close evolutionary relationship to man resulted in the use of nonhuman primates as subjects of study for scientists from different research fields. In biomedical research the use of primates is restricted to questions which cannot be answered by animals with less developed physiological senses. Primates play an important role in infectious disease research, as many pathogens relevant to humans can be transferred to selected primate species. In the last few decades this applied especially for HIV-infections of man, viral hepatitides, herpesvirus infections and for quite a long time for agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, too. In neurobiology, primates play an outstanding role due to the morphological-structural and functional resemblance of their CNS to that of man. Due to new developments in biomedicine, in particular in the field of gene therapeutics, it has to be expected that primates will have to be used also in future as animal models for the welfare of human health. 相似文献
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体细胞核移植技术(somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT)又称为体细胞克隆技术,在生物医学、遗传修饰动物研究及大家畜的育种和良种扩繁等领域具有重要的理论意义和现实价值,但目前该项技术依然存在如克隆效率低下、克隆动物表型异常等问题。近年来,研究人员通过在培养基中添加小分子药物、选择优势供体细胞系(包括iPS细胞)、优化传统核移植参数、对发育关键基因(如XIST及H3K9me3去甲基化酶等)的靶向遗传调控等途径,探索提高克隆效率的新思路、新工艺和新方法,作者着重对上述研究进展进行简要综述。 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(3)
Nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the human medical field for quite some time, though their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Recently,production demands on the livestock industry have been centered around the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to growing concern over microbial antibiotic resistance. With many countries reporting increased incidences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, laws and regulations are being updated to end in-feed antibiotic use in the animal production industry. This sets the need for suitable alternatives to be established for inclusion in feed.Many reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for animal growth promotion and antimicrobials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnological applications in animal production will be the focus of this review and the emerging roles of nanoparticles for nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, and tools in veterinary medicine and reproduction will be discussed. Additionally, influences on meat, egg, and milk quality will be reviewed. 相似文献
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细菌耐药性问题已成为全世界的共同挑战,其导致抗菌药物的作用下降,细菌性疾病发病率及死亡率不断攀升。疾病治疗难度加大、治疗费用增加以及动物生产力的持续降低,给畜牧养殖业造成严重经济损失。因此,寻找新方案以对抗耐药细菌尤为重要。纳米技术于近代兴起,被广泛运用于生物医学等多个领域,在对抗耐药细菌方面具有显著优势。纳米技术可通过破坏细菌细胞膜、抑制外排泵、产生活性氧(ROS)、抑制和降解生物被膜等多种机制降低细菌抗性。本文将从纳米技术的应用历程、对抗耐药菌的策略以及对抗耐药菌机制等三个方面进行简要概述,以期为兽药研究者提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
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Research on domestic animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, and aquatic species) at land grant institutions is integral to improving the global competitiveness of US animal agriculture and to resolving complex animal and human diseases. However, dwindling federal and state budgets, years of stagnant funding from USDA for the Competitive State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative (CSREES-NRI) Competitive Grants Program, significant reductions in farm animal species and in numbers at land grant institutions, and declining enrollment for graduate studies in animal science are diminishing the resources necessary to conduct research on domestic species. Consequently, recruitment of scientists who use such models to conduct research relevant to animal agriculture and biomedicine at land grant institutions is in jeopardy. Concerned stakeholders have addressed this critical problem by conducting workshops, holding a series of meetings with USDA and National Institutes of Health (NIH) officials, and developing a white paper to propose solutions to obstacles impeding the use of domestic species as dual-purpose animal models for high-priority problems common to agriculture and biomedicine. In addition to shortfalls in research support and human resources, overwhelming use of mouse models in biomedicine, lack of advocacy from university administrators, long-standing cultural barriers between agriculture and human medicine, inadequate grantsmanship by animal scientists, and a scarcity of key reagents and resources are major roadblocks to progress. Solutions will require a large financial enhancement of USDA's Competitive Grants Program, educational programs geared toward explaining how research using agricultural animals benefits both animal agriculture and human health, and the development of a new mind-set in land grant institutions that fosters greater cooperation among basic and applied researchers. Recruitment of outstanding scientists dedicated to using domestic animal models for agricultural and biomedical research, strong incentives for scientists to take advantage of training opportunities to write NIH grants, and greater NIH and USDA cooperation to sponsor the use of agricultural animals as dual-purpose animal models that benefit agriculture and biomedicine will also be necessary. In conclusion, the broad diversity of animal models needed for agricultural and biomedical research is at risk unless research priorities at the land grant universities are critically evaluated and financial support for such research is dramatically increased. 相似文献
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鸡的基因组序列含有大约10亿多碱基对(bp)、20000-23000个基因,这个基因组的很多特性使鸡在生物发生和进化研究中成为了一个理想的生物有机体。鸡基因组的独特结构和鸡基因组序列草图的独特特征为认识脊椎动物进化提供了一个透视的视角,使鸡成为了一个研究生物学的理想生物模型,它们将提高科学对禽类生物学、发育生物学、基础生物科学及医学的认识。运用鸡作为一个全球蛋白质营养源的生物模型和对疾病治疗研究的生物医学模型具有明显的优势,因此,鸡基因组的排序、基因组学工具在生物研究中的利用以及现代选择性育种方案发展的快速进展将会促进鸡基因组在农业和医学中的必然利用。该文将综述鸡基因组的简要独特结构、禽类进化的相关性与在农业与医学中的潜在利用。 相似文献
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