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1.
杉木福建柏混交林效益研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
通过对杉木福建柏混交林中单株生物量组成、土壤团粒组成、土壤孔隙和水分状况的研究分析, 结果表明: 混交林中杉木每hm 2 蓄积量是杉木纯林的169 倍, 细根量是杉木纯林的15 倍; 与纯林相比, 混交林中0~20cm 土层> 025m m 水稳性团聚体高出901% ; 结构体破坏率低1582% ; 有机质和水解性 N 含量分别高0245% 和131×10- 6; 毛管孔隙、非毛管孔隙、总孔隙高009% 、091% 、100% , 土壤容重低0057gcm - 3; 最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别高300% 、350% 、204% ; 混交林40cm 土层含水量也比纯林大155t·hm - 2。由于混交林的结构较为合理,能一定程度改善土壤理化性质、提高林分生产力,是一种值得推广的造林模式。 相似文献
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诱发桃形李煤污的主导因子是梨园蚧危害,该虫在浙江浦江1年3代,以受精雌成虫越冬。防治方法:2月中下旬,用3 ̄5度石硫合剂全面喷洒;4月中下旬,50%杀螟松800 ̄1000倍液喷洒;6月中下旬,50%甲基托布津000倍液喷洒;11月份,50%久效膦6 ̄10倍涂干。 相似文献
3.
双体免充气日光温室的研制与应用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
日光温室是在现代加温温室的基础上发展起来的节能型简易园艺栽培设施。由于高跨比小,后坡投影大,透光量不足,有效空间较小,难以满足花卉等高经济性作物大规模工厂化周年高效生产之需求。双体免充气日光温室是在综合多种优化模型分析的基础上提出来的。它在后墙上直接支撑双体免充气可拆式全透光整体曲面结构,其基本参数为跨度5m,脊高25m,高跨比050,后墙高18m,后坡长19m,后坡仰角22°,后坡投影为零,前坡1m处的垂直高度19m,剖面截面积646m2。对照试验表明:双体免充气型无明显的弱光胁地;在不覆草帘的冬季,早晨6时和中午12时的最高温度分别比对照高2℃和62℃;夏季50%遮荫后,室内各点平均温度低于对照3℃;冬季保温效果则更为显著,大于8℃的有效积温分别是鞍山Ⅱ型和室外的15倍和53倍;秋、春两季切花月季栽培试验表明,鲜切花的产量和质量也明显高于对照,尤其是早春的盲枝发生率仅为对照的40%。 相似文献
4.
采用文中所介绍的技术,龙眼扦插40天后即产生愈伤组织,愈合率达866%;60~90天大量生根,生根率达872%,成活率达745%;90天后即可进行苗地移栽,成活率达905%。1年生苗高60~150cm,地径06~15cm,此时即可出圃定植。2~3年挂果,4年进入丰产期,丰产效果显著。 相似文献
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通过对引进巨尾桉无性系与巨桉、尾叶桉进行山地造林试验3年的研究结果表明,巨尾桉无性系不仅能适宜本地区山地栽培,而且生长快,3年生平均树高121m,胸径123cm,单株带皮材积00728m3,去皮材积00574m3,比尾叶桉分别增长235%、281%、921%和1402%,比巨桉分别增长131%、194%、566%和515%。它还具有树干通直圆满、树皮较薄、冠径比小、出材率高、丰产性好等特点,可以大面积发展,并总结出栽培上的关键技术。 相似文献
7.
神灯白掌组织培养快繁技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以神灯白掌顶芽或茎段作为外植体,消毒后接种在培养基(1):MS+BA10+NAA01+3%蔗糖,培养30d。将无菌材料转接在新配制的培养基(1)上,30d转接1次,如此反复继代,年繁殖系数达36。生根培养采用培养基(2):1/2MS+IBA08+15%蔗糖+002%活性炭。瓶内平均发根率达98%以上,温室内移栽平均成活率达95%以上。 相似文献
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3种粉剂防治鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫药效试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选用2.5%甲基对硫磷,90%灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉和3%敌死蜱,分别用陶土稀释5种浓度防治鞭角华扁叶蜂1-6龄幼虫,试验结果表明,72h死亡率,用2-8倍陶土稀释的2.5%甲基对硫磷达87.6%~97.9%,用25-250倍陶土稀释的90%灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉达85.6%-97.1%,用2-8倍陶土稀释的3%敌死蜱粉剂达85.4%-99.2%,2.5%甲基对硫磷,90%灭幼脲防治成本分别为21.65-23.5 相似文献
10.
对苹果进行苹果果型剂处理多点试验结果表明:苹果盛花未期喷施150—200倍苹果果型剂,Ⅰ类果达30%—455%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类果达629%—815%;果形指数在095以上,最大值12;处理果果个增大,呈园锥形,着色均匀,色泽浓红。应用果形剂是生产高档优质果品的重要技术措施之一。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献