猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒细胞受体研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的病原,对PRRSV细胞受体的研究将有助于揭示PRRSV的感染途径、复制过程、致病机理和疫病预防及控制等一系列问题,细胞受体的研究已经成为目前PRRSV研究中的重要领域。论文从硫酸乙酰肝素受体、唾液酸黏附素受体、CD163分子、波形蛋白等方面综述了PRRSV细胞受体研究进展。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒结构蛋白研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的病原,该病毒自发现以来受到国内外学者的高度重视,对病毒结构蛋白的研究也正在逐步深入和完善.论文综述了近年来PRRSV结构蛋白的最新研究进展,特别对新发现的5a蛋白的结构与功能、决定病毒入侵的细胞受体及与其结合的病毒囊膜蛋白等问题进行深入分析,从而...     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染相关受体的研究概况

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染细胞主要是通过敏感细胞上特异性受体介导产生的。文章对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染相关受体的研究进行了综述,硫酸乙酰肝素、唾液酸黏附素和CD163是主要的相关受体,对它们的功能特性研究将为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的致病机理和预防研究提供理论支持。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒致病机制及防治研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）属动脉炎病毒科,动脉炎病毒属,感染猪可引起猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征,是一种危害严重的病毒。本文综述了近年来PRRSV与宿主细胞间关系及其致病机制方面的研究进展,并对预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的几种疫苗的研制及特点进行了比较分析,为今后猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的控制提供参考。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒致病机制及防制研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)属动脉炎病毒科,动脉炎病毒属,感染猪可引起猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征,是一种严重危害养猪业的病毒.本文综述了近年来PRRSV与宿主细胞间关系及其致病机制方面的研究进展,并对预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的几种疫苗的研制及特点进行了比较分析,为今后猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的控制提供参考.     

PRRSV受体蛋白CD163及其表达影响因素的研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的一种以母猪出现繁殖障碍及仔猪出现严重呼吸道症状的急性传染病，给养殖业带来了严重的经济损失。众多科研人员通过对PRRSV受体的研究逐步了解到该病毒的受体种类和作用机制，在受体蛋白CD169、硫酸乙酰肝素、波形蛋白、DC-SIGN(CD209)、CD151、CD163和NMHC II-A(或MYH9)中，PRRSV主要是通过CD163受体入侵感染，而这过程中又有很多因素增强或减弱CD163的表达，从而增强或抑制PRRSV的感染。本文通过对PPPSV受体蛋白CD163的功能、CD163结构域与PRRSV感染之间的关系进行总结，进一步了解PRRSV的作用机制，以及通过对影响CD163表达因素的研究进行综述，以期为PRRSV受体蛋白CD163的后续研究提供一些思路及参考。     

PRRSV安徽分离株感染仔猪病理学的研究

本研究应用从安徽地区猪场分离的猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征HS08株和ZJ08株毒株人工感染仔猪,用猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征抗体检测试剂盒测定试验猪血清中PRRSV抗体,并应用组织病理学方法对感染猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）的仔猪病理组织进行研究,在生产实践中对PRRSV的防治意义非常重大。     

影响猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染与增殖的因素

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染宿主细胞以及在宿主细胞内进行复制的过程受到宿主细胞的细胞受体、胞内大分子及细胞因子影响。随着单克隆抗体制备技术、分子生物学技术与蛋白质研究技术的日趋成熟,使深入研究影响PRRSV感染与增殖的因素成为可能。目前在猪肺巨噬细胞(PAM)与Marc-145细胞中发现了多个PRRSV细胞受体,这与PRRSV感染宿主细胞所具有严格的细胞嗜性有关。同时胞内大分子物质可导致PRRSV在宿主细胞内产生增殖性感染。包括干扰素在内的细胞因子具有抑制PRRSV在宿主细胞内增殖的作用。研究影响PRRSV感染与增殖的因素,对于预防PRRSV感染与合理利用PRRSV具有重要意义。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的病原体,本文对PRRSV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,主要包括PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒蛋白及其功能、抗原变异等,旨在为诊断技术、免疫机理研究、疫苗设计与疫病防制提供借鉴.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒膜融合机制研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的高度接触性传染疫病,对全球尤其是我国养猪业危害巨大.然而,目前对PRRS防控并未取得实质性成效,究其原因是PRRSV具有独特而且复杂的感染机制.作为一种具有囊膜的病毒,PRRSV感染宿主细胞必须经病毒囊膜与宿主靶细胞膜的融合(membrane ...     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗病育种研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRS virus, PRRSV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病，严重危害我国乃至世界养猪业。然而由于PRRSV抗原的多变性，目前包括疫苗接种、药物治疗等在内的防治措施效果不佳。因此，随着现代分子生物学技术的不断发展，基于基因编辑技术对猪PRRS的抗病育种逐渐发展起来。本文简述了PRRS的临床症状，重点回顾了国内外PRRS抗病育种研究进展，通过分析PRRS的致病机制，重点阐述了PRRSV受体及针对不同受体进行编辑的体内及体外抗病毒效果，以期为未来深入研究PRRSV致病机制、开发PRRS抗病品种提供理论依据。     

Recombinant adenovirus expressing GP5 and M fusion proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important contagious agents of swine in the world. PRRSV infection poses a challenge to current vaccination strategies. In this study, three replication-defective adenovirus recombinants were developed as potential vaccine against PRRSV in a mouse model. Three groups of BALB/c mice (24 mice per group) were inoculated subcutaneously twice at 2-week intervals with the recombinants expressing PRRSV GP5 (rAd-GP5), M (rAd-M), and M-GP5 fusion protein (rAd-M-GP5). Two additional groups were injected with wild-type adenovirus (wtAd) or PBS as control. The results showed that the mice inoculated with recombinant adenoviruses developed PRRSV-specific antibodies, cellular immune response by 2 weeks post second inoculation. However, only mice immunized with recombinant adenovirus rAd-M-GP5 developed significantly higher titers of neutralizing antibodies to PRRSV and produced stronger lymphocyte proliferation responses compared to mice immunized with rAd-M or rAd-GP5 alone. It was also found that mice immunized with rAd-M-GP5 were primed for significant higher levels of anti-PRRSV CTL responses than mice immunized with rAd-M. Mice receiving rAd-GP5 also mounted PRRSV-specific response, but levels were lower. It suggested that the recombinant adenovirus expressing M-GP5 fusion protein might be an attractive candidate vaccine to be tested for preventing PRRSV infection.     

Increase of CD163 but not sialoadhesin on cultured peripheral blood monocytes is coordinated with enhanced susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a restricted tropism mainly for porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), but not for peripheral blood monocytes (BMo) in vivo. Previous research showed that only a few BMo became susceptible to PRRSV infection after 1 day culture. Porcine sialoadhesin (PoSn) and CD163 are identified to be the two main PRRSV receptors for binding and internalization. Both receptors are not expressed on BMo, or only expressed at low levels, which may explain why PRRSV cannot infect them. The relationship of BMo differentiation/aging, PRRSV receptor level, and susceptibility to PRRS virus infection has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, BMo were successfully cultured with pig serum plus L929 cell culture supernatant. Our results showed that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of PoSn were significantly increased after 5-day culture. The mRNA level of CD163 was enhanced more than 20-fold after 1-day culture; CD163-positive BMo increased dramatically from about 2% after 2h- culture to about 50% after 96-h culture. Furthermore, cultured BMo became much more permissive to PRRSV infection, and the percentage of PRRSV-infected BMo was at least the same as PAMs, if not higher, when infected with CH-1a, the first PRRSV strain isolated in China, or HV, a highly virulent strain. Three other PRRSV strains including VR2332, and two classical Chinese isolates could also infect cultured BMo as well. Most importantly, PRRS virus was successfully isolated from 14 of 15 antibody-positive serum samples using cultured BMo. These results suggest that the enhanced susceptibility of cultured BMo to PRRS virus is coordinated with increased CD163 expression, but less related to the delayed (day 5) increased expression of PoSn. Thus, cultured BMo could be an alternative choice for PRRS virus isolation and identification.     

不同CSF免疫状态下猪PRRS易感性及IFN-γ分泌细胞应答

采用酶联免疫斑点检测技术（ELISpot）检测自然状态下猪外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中分泌IFN-γ的细胞数,并用带T细胞表位的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）特异性小分子多肽刺激培养的PBMC,观察IFN-γ的分泌变化。结果显示,猪瘟病毒（Classical fever virus,CSFV）抗体阳性组中感染PRRSV比率小于CSFV抗体阴性组。CSFV抗体阳性猪PBMC中IFN-γ分泌细胞数量均高于CS—FV抗体阴性组,CSFV抗体阴性且受PRRSV感染猪的PBMC对PRRSV多肽刺激不应答。结果表明,对CSFV疫苗应答好的猪对PRRSV感染有一定的抵抗,其细胞免疫处于活动状态,提示2种传染病的免疫应答机理有部分相关性。     

Reduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in swine alveolar macrophages by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-induced interferon-alpha

Two common viral pathogens of swine, namely, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), were investigated in regard to their effects on monolayer cultures of swine alveolar macrophages (AMs). The purpose was to identify selected cellular changes and responses potentially associated with the clinical reactions of pigs infected with either or both of these viruses. Measurements included the (1) absolute and relative numbers of infected, viable, and apoptotic cells; (2) distribution of viral antigens; (3) levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced and their association with the extent of virus-induced cytopathology. Four groups of AMs were studied, including mock-infected, PCV2 alone-infected (PCV2-A), PRRSV alone-infected (PRRSV-A), and PCV2 and PRRSV dually infected (PCV2/PRRSV) groups. The AMs of PCV2-A group had high antigen-containing rate without cell death. There was a marked increase in cell death and apoptosis in PRRSV-A group. However, a lower PRRSV-induced infectious rate, cell death, and apoptosis were seen in PCV2/PRRSV group. High levels of IFN-alpha production were detected in PCV2-infected groups, but not in mock-infected and PRRSV-A groups. The PRRSV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) on MARC-145 cells or swine AMs was markedly reduced by pre-incubation of the cells with UV-treated or non-UV-treated supernatants of PCV2-infected AMs. In addition, the reduction in CPE was abolished when the supernatants of PCV2-infected AMs were pre-treated with a mouse anti-recombinant porcine IFN-alpha antibody. The results suggest that swine AMs were an important reservoir of PCV2; PCV2 infection reduced PRRSV infection and PRRSV-associated CPE in PCV2/PRRSV AMs; the reduction of PRRSV infection in AMs was mediated by IFN-alpha generated by PCV2 infection. The reduced PRRSV-associated CPE in AMs and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production may lead to a more severe pneumonic lesion in those dually infected pigs.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS）由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）引起,以母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸道综合征为主要特征。PRRSV具有不断变异的能力,毒力更强的新型PRRSV毒株不断出现。2006年我国就出现了美洲型PRRSV变异株,严重危害着我国养猪业。为了更好地认识猪繁殖与呼吸综合征在我国的发生与流行,对PRRS的病原学、流行病学、致病机制、遗传变异、诊断与控制技术等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染肺泡巨噬细胞后差异表达膜蛋白的鉴定与分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是危害养猪业发展的重要传染病之一。2006年我国首次爆发高致病性PRRS(highly-pathogenicPRRS,HP-PRRS),与经典的PRRS相比,HP-PRRS发病率和死亡率均显著升高。目前,对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(highly-pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,HP-PRRSV)引起的高发病率和高死亡率的机制仍不清楚。本研究利用1MOI的EGFP标记的HP-PRRSV毒株HuN4(rHuN4-EGFP)和其体外传代致弱毒株HuN4-F112(rHuN4-F112-EGFP)分别感染肺泡巨噬细胞(pulmonaryalveolarmacrophage,PAM),24h后通过流式细胞术,从FITC通道收集被PRRSV强弱毒感染的PAM,提取膜蛋白进行Shotgun质谱分析。试验最终获得82个在强弱毒感染PAM过程中存在差异表达的膜蛋白。感染rHuN4-EGFP的样品与未感染样品相比,有72个蛋白特异表达;感染rHuN4-F112-EGFP的样品与未感染样品相比,有12个蛋白特异表达。通过GO分析发现,这些蛋白主要参与代谢、生物调节与细胞加工过程,大多数蛋白具有结合、催化活性。进一步在MARC-145细胞上过表达部分差异膜蛋白,发现其中前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶9(proprotein coverteases subtilism/kexin 9,PCSK9)能明显抑制PRRSV强毒株和弱毒株的复制,Clusterin、Apoliprotein C-II能促进PRRSV强毒株复制。本研究表明利用Shotgun质谱技术鉴定出的差异表达膜蛋白对PRRSV复制有影响,深入分析PRRSV感染后差异表达的膜蛋白变化将有利于进一步明确其致病机制。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染与细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是指在一定的生理或病理情况下,机体为维护内环境的稳定,通过基因调控,激活内源性核酸内切酶,发生细胞自动消亡的过程。研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRSV）感染与细胞凋亡的关系及凋亡的可能机制将有助于人们认识PRRSV感染性的发生、发展及转归机制,现综述国内外近年来对PRRSV诱导细胞凋亡的相关研究进展,为进一步阐明PRRSV的致病机制和该病的防治提供一些新的思路。