Paired study on hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in immunoprophylaxis failure to prevent HBV vertical transmission

AIM：To explore the characteristics of hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in the vertical transmission after active and passive vaccination. METHODS：Fifteen cases of immunoprophylaxis failure were enrolled in the study. HBV S gene (including pres-S and S) from the mothers, newborns before active and passive vaccination and 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were detected by PCR amplification. The characteristics of HBV S gene mutation were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS：The genotype of HBV in the newborns and the infants was the same as that in the mothers. The frequencies of mutation in the 2 fragments of the HBV S gene had no significant difference between the 3 groups. The homology tree model based on HBV S gene was analyzed in the 3 groups, in which every group had their own cluster. There were 15 different mutation sites between 7 pairs of mothers and newborns. There were 3 different mutation sites between 3 pairs of newborns and infants (nt273A→A/G, nt512C→C/T and nt1139C→A), among which the first 2 were located in the S gene region but not in the “a” determinant, and the latter was located in the overlap region of S and X genes. There were 25 different mutation sites between 9 pairs of mothers and infants, but only 1 case had a different mutation site between the mother, newborn and infant. CONCLUSION：The HBV species in newborns and infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were transmitted from the mothers. The mutations in the HBV S gene with immunoprophylaxis failure happened before and after active and passive vaccination, mainly before vaccination. The relationship between HBV S gene mutations and immunoprophylaxis failure should be further explored.     

Role of renal preS1/S2-Ag and other HBV antigen determination in diagnosis of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis

AIM：To detect the expression of preS1/S2 antigen (preS1/S2-Ag) and other antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in renal tissues of patients with HBV-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), and to analyze their roles in the diagnosis of HBV-GN.
METHODS：Patients hospitalized in our department from January in 2003 to January in 2013 were retrospectively studied. A total of 49 patients with positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) serology, clinical manifestations of hematuria and/or proteinuria, and pathological diagnosis of glomerulonephritis, without systemic lupus erythematosus, anaphylactic purpura, diabetes or hepatitis C, were selected. PreS1/S2-Ag, HBV e antigen (HBeAg), HBsAg and HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in the renal tissues were examined. Five cases of glomerular minimal-change disease (MCD) with negative HBsAg and 5 cases of non-glomerulonephritis with positive HBsAg served as controls. RESULTS：The positive rates of preS1/S2-Ag, HBeAg, HBsAg and HBcAg in the renal tissues from the 49 patients of glomerulonephritis with HBV infection were 32.7% (16 cases), 38.8% (19 cases), 14.3% (7 cases) and 46.9% (23 cases), respectively. Total antigen positive rate was 70.2% (36 cases). The expression of preS1/S2-Ag was located in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells, glomerular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and mesangial cells, and positively correlated with the expression of HBcAg (r=0.459, P<001). The 4 antigens were not detected in the 5 cases of HBsAg-negative patients with glomerular MCD. In the 5 cases of HBsAg-positive patients with non-glomerulonephritis, there were 2 cases expressing HBeAg and 1 case expressing HBcAg, but no cases expressing preS1/S2-Ag or HBsAg. CONCLUSION：The expression of preS1/S2-Ag in renal tissues suggests that HBV may invade the cells of renal tissue. Combined detection of the 4 antigens could elevate the rate of diagnosis of HBV-GN.     

HLA-DRB1 genotyping and its relation with chronic HBV infection in patients

AIM: To study the HLA-DRB1 genotype and their relation with HBV infection in Shaanxi Han patients. METHODS: HLA-DRB1 genotyping was conducted in 108 case of chronic HBV infection and 108 health controls as well as 32 asymtomatic HBsAg carriers by using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method. All the patients, asymtomatic HBsAg carriers and health subjects were residents of Shaanxi district and belonged to Han nationality. The association between HLA-DRB1 genotype and different replication of HBV was also studied. RESULTS: DRB1*04, DRB1*09, DRB1*12 and DRB1*15 were the most common genotypes in Shaanxi Han residents with the frequency of 16.2%, 12.5%, 11.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Compared to 108 health controls, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 (10.6% of HBV patients versus 3.7% of health controls, odds ratio=3.10; P<0.05) and HLA-DRB1*07 (17.6% of HBV patients versus 9.3% of health controls, odd ratio=2.09; P<0.05) were markedly higher. The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 (13.4% of HBV patients versus 6.9% of health controls, odds ratio=0.48; P<0.05) was obviously lower than than in HBV patients. CONCLUSION: HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*07 are closely related with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection, and DRB1*15 is closely related with resistance to chronic hepatitis B infection. These finding suggest that host HLA class II gene is an important factor determining the outcome of HBV infection.     

Effects of ethanol on HBV gene mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B by gene chip

AIM: To study ethanol influence on gene mutations of HBV DNA and to offer testimony for clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: 85 patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided into alcoholic group and non-alcoholic group. Gene chip technique was used to detect gene mutations located in Pre-C nt G1896A and nt A1814C, basal core promoter (BCP) nt A1762T and nt G1764A, P nt C528A and nt T552C. RESULTS: The mutation frequency on BCP nt A1762T and nt G1764A in alcoholic group was significantly higher than that in non-alcoholic group (P<0.05). No difference of mutation frequency on pre-c nt G1896A nt A1814C and P nt C528A nt T552C between alcoholic and non-alcoholic group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Ethanol stimulates HBV gene mutations on BCP nt A1762T and nt G1764A, enhances HBV DNA replication and gene expression, deteriorates the state of the illness.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of lens in congenital inherited cataract mice

AIM: To separate total lens proteins of congenital inherited cataract in mice and to observe the alteration of proteins after gene mutation.METHODS: We studied the mice with a spontaneous mutation of crystallin gamma S (Crygs) transmitted as a recessive trait. Total proteins were extracted and separated using immobilized pH gradient (IPG), two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining. The image analysis was carried out using PDQuest 7.30 software package. Several significantly differential proteins in gel were identified by matrix assisted laser adsorption/ionization-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). RESULTS: As the 882 μg sample was added, we detected (417±53) spots and (370±41)spots in cataract and normal lens, respectively. As the 190 μg sample was loaded, we detected (60±7) spots and (57±5) spots in cataract and normal lens, respectively. Seven kinds of differential proteins were identified, including BFSP/filensin, γS, γF, βA1, βB1, βB2 and αB. In crystalline lens of mutant mice, γS and beaded-filament structure protein (BFSP/filensin) were not detected. γF was down-expressed (＜4 fold) while βA1, βB1, βB2 and αB were over-expressed (＞4 fold) in mutant cataract. The latter proteins were less MW than normal, suggesting that they were possibly truncated.CONCLUSION: 2-DE and mass spectrometry can help to assess and analyze the function of proteins as a novel approach. The mutant Crygs gene can lead to the abnormity of γS crystallin, which can induce the changes of skeletonal protein (BFSP/filensin) and other crystallins (γF, βA1, βB1, βB2 and αB), and then evoke cataract secondarily.     

Association between IL-6-572C/G as well as IFNAR1-168G/C and hepatitis B virus infection in populations of Dai and Han ethnicities in Yunnan Province

ATM: To explore the association between IL-6-572C/G (rs1800796) as well as interferon alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-168G/C (rs2257167) and prognosis after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in populations of Dai and Han ethnicities in Yunnan Province. METHODS: The blood samples were collected from Dai people and Han people, each nation including 100 healthy controls and 200 infected individuals (100 spontaneous recovery individuals and 100 chronic patients). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing were used to identify the gene type. RESULTS: In Dai people, no significant difference was found between genetic polymorphism of -572C/G and prognosis after HBV infection. The differences of C and G alleles between spontaneous recovery group and chronic hepatitis B group, and healthy controls and HBV infection group were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, GG and CG genotypes were a vital protective factor for the person who developed into a chronic heptatitis B patient under the G allele dominance mode (GG+CG/CC) (P<0.05). In Han people, no statistically significance for IL-6-572C/G genotype and allele distribution in each group comparisons had been found, as well as the C allele recessive mode and C allele dominance mode. For the above 4 indicators, no statistically significant difference of IFNAR1-168C/G in Dai and Han people had been found.CONCLUSION: The GG+CG genotype of IL-6-572C/G may be a protective factor for the HBV-infected Dai people to develop into chronic hepatitis B patients. However, there is no significant association between the IFNAR1-168G/C polymorphism and prognosis after HBV infection in the 2 ethnicities.     

Association of rs2162459 polymorphism in CYP7A1 gene with effectiveness of atorvastatin in northern Chinese Han population

AIM：To investigate the association of the polymorphism of rs2162459 locus in cytochrome P-450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1) gene, encoding cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, with the effectiveness of atorvastatin in northern Chinese Han population. METHODS：Clinical data and blood samples of 200 cases of hyperlipidemia patients were collected. The variants of rs2162459 in CYP7A1 gene were detected by multiplex SNaPshot technology. Several genetic models were constructed to analyse the association of gene polymorphism with the effectiveness of atorvastatin by logistic regression method. RESULTS：The polymorphism of rs2162459 was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in three genotypes of AA, GA and GG were (136±0.94) mmol/L, (1.16±0.38) mmol/L and (1.07±0.28) mmol/L, respectively (P<0.05). There were differences in the genotypic frequency and allelic frequency between atorvastatin effective and ineffective groups (both P<005). Significant differences in regulating HDL-C level among the three genotypes of rs2162459 were found after logistic regression. The results of additive model, generalized model and dominant model, presented as OR (95% CI), were 1.74 (1.09~2.77), 2.86 (1.13~7.25) and 2.21 (1.12~4.33), respectively. CONCLUSION: The baseline HDL-C level in the carriers of GG genotype is lower than that in the carriers of the other two genotypes. The HDL-C-elevating effect of atorvastatin on GG genotype carriers is more significant than that on AA genotype carriers.     

Association of IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms with childhood bronchial asthmatic susceptibility and the levels of plasma IFN-γ,IL-4 and IgE

AIM: To investigate the gene polymorphisms of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) and the association with asthmatic susceptibility and the levels of plasma IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgE of asthmatic children. METHODS: 100 asthmatic children and 122 control children were enrolled the study. The genotypes of IFN-γ gene-179G/T polymorphism, IL-4 gene-33C/T and-589C/T polymorphisms were tested by PCR-RFLP.The genotype of IFN-γ gene +874A/T polymorphism was tested by AS-PCR.The CA repeat polymorphism of IFN-γ gene was detected by capillary electrophoresis technique.The levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: 100 asthmatic children and 122 control children were all GG homozygotes at -179 locus of IFN-γ gene.-179 locus of IFN-γ gene has no mutation. The genotypes and allele frequency of IFN-γ gene +874A/T and CA repeat polymorphisms showed no significant difference between asthmatic children and the control(P>0.05). An association was revealed between IFN-γ gene +874A/T polymorphism and the level of plasma IFN-γ.The level of IFN-γ was lower in AA genotype than in AT genotype(P<0.05). The genotypes and allele frequency of IL-4 gene -33C/T and -589C/T polymorphisms showed significant difference between asthmatic children and the control(P<0.05).The levels of plasma IL-4 and IgE were higher in TT genotype at -33 locus and -589 locus than those in CT genotype, but only -33C/T polymorphism was associated with the level of plasma IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The IFN-γ gene +874A/T and CA repeat polymorphisms were not correlated with asthmatic susceptibility, but there is significant correlation between the level of IFN-γ and +874A/T polymorphism. TT genotype of IL-4 gene -33 locus and -589 locus maybe the susceptible genotype of asthma in children, and the -33 locus polymorphism is associated with the level of IL-4.     

甜樱桃‘拉宾斯’自交亲和性与SFB4′基因的关系研究

甜樱桃品种‘拉宾斯’与‘雷尼’均为S1S4基因型。调查其自花结实率,‘拉宾斯’为31.3%,表现自交亲和;‘雷尼’为0,表现为自交不亲和。将‘拉宾斯’与‘雷尼’相互授粉,‘拉宾斯’为父本时表现亲和,反之不亲和,推断‘拉宾斯’的自交亲和性由花粉侧突变导致;调查花粉萌发率,‘拉宾斯’为58.08%,‘雷尼’为57.82%。鉴定‘拉宾斯’自交后代及其与‘雷尼’杂交后代的S-RNase的基因型,发现所有后代中均出现S4基因型,部分后代中出现S1基因型,证明‘拉宾斯’花粉育性是正常的,其亲和性可能是由S4基因座上花粉侧的基因突变导致。测序发现‘拉宾斯’花粉SFB4′在911 bp处有4个碱基缺失。分析‘拉宾斯’花粉SFB4′与花柱S4-RNase的连锁性,发现两者连锁率为100%。以‘拉宾斯’为父本的带有SFB4′的杂交后代的自花结实率为23.3%~61.4%,表现自交亲和,说明来源于‘拉宾斯’的SFB4′基因与自交亲和性有关。RT-PCR及测序显示‘雷尼’SFB4与‘拉宾斯’SFB4′均能正常转录,但4个碱基缺失导致其C端翻译提前终止,原核表达SFB4和SFB4′蛋白发现SFB4略大于SFB4′,推测是由于SFB4′的翻译提前终止导致的。以上结果表明:‘拉宾斯’的自交亲和性可能是由花粉侧SFB4′C端的氨基酸缺失导致,该缺失可能使其丧失了与S-RNase的识别能力。     

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 33 of thyroglobulin gene and Graves' disease relapse after antithyroid drug withdrawal

AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 33 (E33SNP) of thyroglobulin gene and Graves' disease (GD) relapse after antithyroid drug (ATD) withdrawal. METHODS: The healthy controls (232 cases) and GD patients with discontinued treatment (243 cases) were selected. According to the time of relapse, the GD patients were divided into A, B and C subgroups. The A group contained 77 cases of relapse within 1 year, B group contained 86 cases of relapse 1~2 years after treatment and C group contained 80 cases without recurrence within 2 years. The genotypes of E33SNP were identified by RT-PCR. The genotype ratio of thyroglobulin between control group and observation group was comparatively analyzed, and the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), ophthalmopathy and goiter size in A, B and C subgroups in different genotype GD patients were investigated. Moreover, cumulative efficiency for patients with different genotypes in the observation group after ATD treatment within 2 years were analyzed. RESULTS: The genotype of E33SNP between observation group and control group had no significant difference, but a significant difference between A, B and C subgroups was observed (P<0.05). The levels of TSH, FT3 and FT4, and goiter size of the patients with different genotypes had no significant difference, while the TRAb levels and ophthalmopathy presented a significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the cumulative efficiency within 2 years for GD patients with E33SNP T/T, E33SNP T/C and E33SNP C/C genotypes was 61.8%, 42.6% and 21.3%, respectively, all with significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The GD patients with E33SNP C/C genotype have significantly higher TRAb level and ophthalmopathy rate than those in the patients with E33SNP C/T and E33SNP C/C genotypes, and are more likely to relapse after ATD treatment. The GD patients with E33SNP T/T genotype show a lower recurrence rate. Therefore, combination treatment or other treatment modalities may be more reasonable for the GD patients with E33SNP C/C genotype.     

Association of S100B polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in Guangxi population

AIM: To explore the association of rs9984765, rs2839356 and rs2186358 polymorphisms in S100B gene with the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: SLE patients (n=313) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (n=396) were recruited in this study. The genotypes of the 3 sites were determined by single-base extension PCR (SBE-PCR) and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: No difference between the SLE patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs9984765 and rs2186358 was observed. However, the frequency distribution of rs2839356 C allele was significantly different in the 2 groups (P=0.040). Stratification analysis showed that the frequency of rs2839356 C allele was higher in the patients with neurologic disorder than the patients without neurologic disorder (P=0.023).CONCLUSION: S100B gene rs9984765 and rs2186358 polymorphisms may not contribute to the susceptibility of SLE in Guangxi population. The rs2839356 C allele might be correlated with the SLE patients with neurologic disorder.     

Association between HBV infection and HLA-DPB1 gene in population of Guangzhou Chinese

AIM: To investigate the association between HBV infection and HLA-DPB1 gene in population of Guangzhou Chinese. METHODS: 58 unrelated patients (test positive of HbsAg, HBeAg, HbcAb) and 75 unrelated healthy control individuals were typed by sequencing based typing (SBT) method in their HLA-DPB1 gene. RESULTS: The phenotype frequencies of HLA-DPB1 alleles of patients and control have no significant difference. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is no association between HLA-DPB1 gene and HBV infection.     

Distribution characteristics of polymorphisms of interleukin-22 gene in Guangxi population and their association with serum lipid levels

AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of interleukin-22 (IL-22) gene rs2227485C/T and rs2227491A/G polymorphisms in Guangxi people and the distribution differences with other ethnic groups, and to explore the difference levels of common lipid indexes in different genotypes. METHODS: SNaPshot technique and DNA sequencing were used in 280 Guangxi persons to examine IL-22 genotypes and to analyzed the distribution frequencies of allele and genotype in these sites. The distribution frequencies in different sexes, and the differences between groups and diffe-rence levels of common lipid indexes in different genotypes were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Three genotypes of CC, CT and TT were found in rs2227485C/T with the frequency distribution of 17.1%, 49.3% and 33.6%, respectively. No significant difference between different sexes of each genotype and allele frequency in the Guangxi population was observed (P>0.05). Compared with the distribution frequencies of genotype and allele in HapMap-TSI, HapMap-HCB, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-MEX, those in Guangxi population showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Three genotypes of AA, AG and GG were found in rs2227491A/G with the frequency distribution of 16.1%, 52.8% and 31.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between different sexes of each genotype and allele frequency in the Guangxi population (P>0.05). The significant differences of genotype frequencies among Guangxi population, HapMap-TSI, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-MEX were detected (P<0.05). Compared with the other 4 populations, allele frequencies in Guangxi population had significant difference (P <0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of HDL-C and LDL-C among the 3 genotypes of rs2227491A/G. The level of HDL-C had difference between AG/AA genotype and GG genotype. In addition, the level of LDL-C had difference between AG/GG genotype and AA genotype (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: rs2227485C/T and rs2227491A/G polymorphisms of IL-22 gene have differences in different populations. The rs2227491A/G polymorphism may be associated with serum lipid levels.     

Influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphism on the indexes of vascular endothelial functions

AIM: To investigate the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C→T mutation on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang II), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and nitric oxide (NO). METHODS: By cluster sampling, 1146 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. MTHFR 677 genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for each sample. Plasma levels of homocysteine were determined by fluorescence ration biochemical assay. Serum NO levels were determined by cadmium reduction method. Plasma AngⅡ and PGI₂ concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Total samples were divided into three groups according to the genotypes. No significant difference in PGI₂ and AngⅡamong the three groups was observed. The difference of serum NO level between the C/C and T/C genotypes was not significant (P>0.05). The serum concentration of NO of T/T genotype was significantly lower than that of T/C and C/C genotypes (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The influence of MTHFR 677 C→T mutation on Ang II and PGI₂ is not significant in the people from the residential communities. The decrease in serum NO level might be one of the underlying mechanisms of MTHFR 677 C→T mutation causing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.     

Effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D and p53 on replication of HBV

AIM:To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum D (XPD) and p53 on the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS:Recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD and vacant vector plasmid pEGFP-N2 were transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells by liposome. On the next day, these cells were incubated with pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor, at a concentration of 20 μmol/L for 24 h. The cells were divided into 5 groups: blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, pEGFP-N2/XPD+pifithrin-α group and pifithrin-α group. The mRNA expression of XPD, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) was detected by RT-PCR. The content of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants of culture medium was measured by ELISA. The content of HBV-DNA in the supernatants of culture medium was examined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Using the method of bDNA, the content of HBV-DNA in the core particles was assessed. RESULTS:The expression of XPD mRNA was elevated by the transfection of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD. The increase in XPD expression significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBx. The content of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants of culture medium was significantly decreased by the increase in XPD expression. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the content of HBV-DNA in the supernatants of culture medium was significantly down-regulated by the increase in XPD expression. bDNA results showed that the content of HBV-DNA in the core particles was significantly decreased by the increase in XPD expression.Pifithrin-α abolished the above-mentioned effects of XPD (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the replication of HBV through p53 pathway. Therefore, XPD and p53 may be the targets for antiviral therapy of hepatitis B.     

Changes of DNA methylation at CpG sites in promoter region of TNF-α gene in DENV2-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells

AIM：To examine DNA methylation at CpG sites in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene in dengue virus type 2 (DENV2)-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
METHODS：DNA methylation in the promoter region of TNF-α gene was measured by bisulfite sequencing PCR.
RESULTS：The promoter region of TNF-α gene was from -294 bp to +58 bp, including 11 CpG sites. The PCR products identified by aga-rose gel electrophoresis were consistent with the theoretical size. Two sites were methylated at 0 h and 6 h and 6 sites were methylated at 12 h in TNF-α gene promoter region in DENV2-infected PBMC. The average methylation rates were 103%, 121% and 255% at 0 h, 6 h and 12 h, respectively. Significant differences between 0 h and 12 h and between 6 h and 12 h were observed.
CONCLUSION：The DNA methylation in the promoter region of TNF-α gene is increased in DENV2-infected PBMCs.     

铜处理对大白菜芝麻状斑点病发生及总酚含量的影响

选择感病品系03B9 与抗病品系C24 为试材,在水培条件下,研究不同铜浓度处理对大白菜芝麻状斑点病发生、总
酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：随着铜处理浓度的升高,两品系芝麻状斑点病的斑点数明显增加,03B9 芝麻
状斑点病发生程度明显高于C24。铜处理期间C24 总酚含量、PPO 活性较03B9 平均高出25.6% 和77.0%。试验结果初步表
明,水培条件下铜胁迫促进了大白菜芝麻状斑点病的发生,铜浓度与芝麻状斑点病发生程度有关,同时影响了叶柄总酚含量
及PPO 活性。     

Relationship of subclasses of serum HDL and Apo A-Ⅰ gene polymorphism in hyperlipidemia

AIM: To investigate apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ gene (Apo A-Ⅰ) polymorphism and its relationship with serum HDL subclasses in patients with hyperlipidemia (HL). METHODS: Apo A-Ⅰ genotype was assayed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The subclasses of serum HDL in 118 patients with hyperlipidemia and 109 healthy subjects were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis conjunction with immunodetection method. RESULTS: Both in HL group and the control group, G/G and C/C genotypes were the most frequent at －78 bp and ＋83 bp of Apo A-Ⅰ gene, respectively. The frequency of rare A allele at －78 bp in HL group was significantly higher than that in control group. In HL group, subjects with G/A mutation had higher serum levels of TG, Apo C-Ⅲ, pre β1-HDL and HDL3a, and lower levels of HDL2a and HDL2b compared to the subjects with G/G genotype. CONCLUSION: The G/A transition in the －78 bp position of the Apo A-Ⅰ gene promoter in patients with hyperlipidemia is associated with HDL subclasses. There is a general shift toward smaller sized HDL, which, in turn, indicates that HDL maturation might be abnormal.     

Effect of HSP70 on HBV replication

AIM: To investigate the role of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. METHODS: The effect of HBV replication on the expression of HSP70 was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The overexpression efficiency of HSP70 was confirmed by Western blot. The effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV DNA replicative intermediates was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Southern blot. The effects of HSP70 overexpression on the expression level of HBV 3.5 kb mRNA and HBV core protein were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The Effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV promoter activity was detected by dual luciferase reporter system. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of HSP70 were inhibited by HBV replication. Overexpression of HSP70 repressed the expression of HBV DNA replicative intermediates, 3.5 kb mRNA and core protein, as well as HBV core promoter activity. CONCLUSION: HBV replication inhibits the expression of HSP70. Overexpression of HSP70 represses HBV replication. These data suggest that HSP70 repressed HBV replication by inhibiting HBV core promoter activity.     

Genetic polymorphisms of RTN4 gene in Chinese Guangxi population

AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of rs2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G polymorphisms of RTN4 gene in Guangxi population, and to compare the differences among different populations. METHODS: The genotypes of RTN4 gene at rs2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G in 323 healthy persons of Guangxi were performed by the technique of SNaPshot and DNA sequencing. The results were compared with the alleles and genotypes of other populations (HapMap-CEU, HapMap-HCB, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-YRI in HapMap). RESULTS: In Guangxi population, 3 genotypes, AA, AC and CC, and 2 alleles, A and C, were found in rs2920891A/C. The allele frequencies between male and female showed significant differences (P<0.05). The genotype and allele frequencies compared with HapMap-JPT, HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI had differences with statistical significance (P<0.05). Three genotypes, AA, AG and GG, and 2 alleles, A and G, were found in rs17046647A/G. The genotype and allele frequencies between male and female showed no significant differences (P>0.05), but there were significant differences of the genotype and allele frequencies as compared with HapMap-JPT, HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The rs2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G polymorphisms of RTN4 gene in Chinese Guangxi population are different from those in other races.