Effects of Drought on the Sucrose Metabolism of Subtending Leaves of Cotton Bolls at Different Fruiting Branches and Boll Weight during Flowering and Bolling Stages

This study aimed to illustrate the mechanism of sucrose metabolism in subtending leaves of cotton bolls and its relationship with boll weight under drought stress during flowering and bolling stages. The 2-year-long experiments were conducted using pools of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants, NuCOTN 33B, subjected to drought stress (relative water content reduced naturally until the boll opening stage) on the day of anthesis of the middle fruiting branches (MFB), using well-watered conditions as the control. The net photosynthetic rate declined under drought stress in the boll's subtending leaf, respectively, and the decline range was MFB>upper fruiting branch (UFB)>lower fruiting branch (LFB). Drought stress increased the soluble sugar contents of subtending leaves at LFB and UFB but decreased them at MFB. Sucrose content was increased and starch content decreased concomitantly, indicating that drought facilitated the partitioning of photosynthate into sucrose. Drought stress also depressed the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase, while acid invertase activity was initially decreased and then increased. The changes of MFB and UFB exceeded those of LFB, indicating that sucrose synthesis was inhibited, the degradation was first inhibited then promoted, causing a reduction in the amount of sucrose available for export. As a result, the boll weight declined during drought, and the decline range was MFB>UFB>LFB. In conclusion, the decreased sucrose synthesis and the impaired sucrose efflux of subtending leaves of bolls were the main causes for decreased boll weight under drought conditions during flowering and bolling stages of cotton.     

外源6-BA和ABA对不同播种期棉花产量和品质及其棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响

大田播种期(4月25日和5月25日)和植物生长调节剂(6-BA和ABA)试验于2006年在江苏南京(长江流域下游棉区)和河南安阳(黄河流域黄淮棉区)进行，以科棉1号和美棉33B品种为材料，研究外源6-BA和ABA对不同播种期棉铃对位叶光合产物形成与运转的影响及其与产量品质的关系。结果表明: (1) 6-BA显著提高棉铃对位叶蔗糖含量和转化率及淀粉含量，而ABA则主要调节棉铃对位叶内源激素平衡。(2)不同播种期条件下(4月25日和5月25日)，外源6-BA均可使棉花单铃重增加、纤维品质提高，外源ABA在晚播(5月25日，南京试点和安阳试点棉铃发育期MDT_min分别为20.9℃和16.5℃)条件下可使棉花产量(安阳试点)和纤维主要品质指标下降幅度减小；外源6-BA和ABA对棉籽主要品质性状的作用均不显著。(3)晚播条件下外源6-BA和ABA均可提高相对棉花主要品质指标，但两者作用机制不同，外源6-BA主要是提高棉铃对位叶光合产物含量和蔗糖转化率，而ABA则主要是诱导棉株抗逆性。     

花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重的影响

试验以新棉33B为材料,于2007年和2009年在江苏南京(32º02′N,118º50′E)江苏省农业科学院防雨棚的水泥池中进行。以正常灌水(土壤相对含水量为75%±5%)为对照,于棉花中部(6~8)果枝开花时进行渍水7 d和14 d (保持地面2~3 cm的水层)处理。研究花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重形成的影响。结果表明,花铃期渍水条件下棉铃对位叶可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量增加,蔗糖/淀粉比值下降,且随渍水持续期的延长变化幅度增大,表明花铃期渍水致使叶片蔗糖外运受阻且随渍水时间的延长外运受阻加重;棉铃对位叶蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合酶和酸性转化酶活性增强,且随渍水持续期的延长和果枝部位的上升而增大;棉铃对位叶可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量与蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合酶及酸性转化酶活性显著正相关(P<0.05),表明渍水条件下蔗糖代谢被激活但并未促进叶片蔗糖的外运,铃重随果枝部位上升和渍水持续期的延长下降幅度增大。这是渍水条件下铃重下降的重要原因。     

氮素调控棉花纤维蔗糖代谢及纤维比强度的生理机制

以棉纤维比强度高(科棉1号,平均比强度为35 cN tex^-1)和中等(美棉33B,平均比强度为32 cN tex^-1)的2个基因型为材料,于2005年在江苏省农业科学院(长江流域下游棉区)和江苏省邳州县宿羊山镇(黄河流域黄淮棉区)设置氮素水平(零氮为0 kg hm^-2,适氮为240 kg hm^-2,高氮为480 kg hm^-2)试验,研究氮素调控棉纤维蔗糖代谢及纤维比强度的生理机制。结果表明,棉铃对位叶氮浓度随铃龄变化的趋势符合幂函数曲线[ , YN为棉铃对位叶氮浓度(%),t为铃龄(d),a、b为参数]。高氮水平下的a值显著增加,导致铃龄24 d前纤维中蔗糖代谢相关酶(蔗糖酶、蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶)活性和蔗糖转化量、纤维素最大累积速率以及铃龄24 d纤维比强度降低;零氮水平下的b值显著增加,与铃龄24 d后纤维蔗糖代谢相关酶活性和蔗糖含量峰值降低、纤维素快速累积持续期缩短以及铃龄24 d后纤维比强度增幅减小的关系密切。上述变化特征在品种间一致,是棉纤维发育对棉铃对位叶氮浓度做出的重要生理响应,进而导致高氮、零氮水平下的成熟纤维比强度显著降低。铃龄24 d是氮素调控棉纤维蔗糖代谢及纤维比强度的转折期,该时期的棉铃对位叶氮浓度分别为3.15% (南京)、2.75% (徐州)时有利于高强纤维的形成。     

Effect of Moderate Drought in the Early Stage on Cotton Yield,Fiber Quality and Water Use Efficiency

[Objective] A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a moderate drought regime in the early-stage on cotton yield, fiber quality and water use efficiency. [Method] An experiment was set up in 2015 and 2016 on the Qingyuan Experimental Plot of Hebei Agricultural University based on a split plot design with two main plots: (1) conventional irrigation (W1) and (2) drought (limited irrigation before sowing with no irrigation during the growing period, W2). Three sub-plots with different cotton cultivars were established: CCRI 50 (early maturity), Nongdamian 601 (ND 601, moderate earliness), and Jimian 958 (JM 958, intermediate maturity). [Result] (1) Drought stress affected the ratio of seasonal bolls. Under drought stress, the ratio of summer bolls decreased and that of autumn bolls increased. Because the precipitation peak in 2016 was higher than normal and mainly concentrated in July, which was later than in 2015, the ratio of autumn bolls increased in 2016. (2) Drought stress affected cotton yield but had no significant effect on fiber quality. Under moderate drought, the boll number per plant and boll weight of ND 601 and JM 958 decreased, the ratio of boll setting increased (P < 0.05), the boll weight of CCRI 50 increased, and the yields of all three cultivars decreased. Because CCRI 50 is an early-maturing cultivar and sensitive to water, its yield decreased significantly (41.0%). (3) Reducing irrigation by an appropriate amount was able to improve water use efficiency. The water use efficiencies of ND 601 and JM 958 averagely increased significantly, by 15.75% and 10.05%, respectively, between 2015 and 2016 under drought stress. The water use efficiency of CCRI 50 decreased significantly, by 15.9%, because of its early maturity and sensitivity to water stress. [Conclusion] Moderate irrigation has a significant effect on yield, fiber quality, and water use efficiency. Cotton yield losses caused by water stress can be ameliorated by making the best use of natural precipitation and by increasing planting density.     

Sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre under low temperature during fibre development

The effects of low temperature on sucrose content and activities of key enzymes related to sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre were investigated. Two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and Sumian 15, were grown in the field at two sowing dates in 2006 and three sowing dates in 2007, the differences of environmental conditions during fibre development period (from flowering date to boll opening date) for different sowing dates were primarily on temperature. Low temperatures (MDTmin of 21.1, 20.5 and 18.1 °C) in late sowing dates (25 May/10 June) prolonged the fibre development period, and had significant effect on cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism. Results showed that, under low temperature, sucrose content was increased, cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate were decreased, and the variability of cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate through sowing dates in Sumian 15 was more than that in Kemian 1. The measurable activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and acid/alkaline invertases in sucrose metabolism were affected by low temperatures. Under low temperatures, activities of SuSy and invertase in sucrose degradation were increased, and two cultivars had the similar change. In contrast, the activity of SPS in sucrose synthesis was lower than the activity in developing fibre at normal environmental condition, and the time to peak activity was delayed, SPS activity in response to temperatures differed between two cultivars. The results indicated that restrained cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism under low temperature were mainly attributed to the changed activities of enzymes (SPS, SuSy and invertase), and the difference of cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism in response to temperature in fibre cells for two cotton cultivars was mainly determined by the level of SPS activity.     

棉花季节桃加厚发育生理特性的差异及与纤维比强度的关系

选用3类棉纤维比强度差异明显的4个棉花品种, 研究棉花伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃纤维加厚发育过程中主要生理特征的差异及与纤维比强度的关系。结果表明, 棉花季节桃纤维加厚发育过程中物质转化特征和相关酶活性存在较大差异, 最终导致纤维比强度差异的形成, 且季节桃间的差异在各类品种内表现一致。伏前桃和伏桃纤维加厚发育处于较为适宜的温度条件(铃龄10~50 d日均温26.0~28.5℃)和棉株生理年龄(3~9果枝)下, 纤维素合成相关酶活性越高, 相关物质转化越多, 纤维素快增持续期长, 纤维素累积速率平缓, 越利于高强纤维的形成。早秋桃纤维发育后期温度条件较伏前桃差且棉株开始衰老, 但其纤维合成相关物质转化率高, 纤维素累积特征优于伏前桃, 最终纤维强度高于伏前桃; 随着铃龄10~50 d日均温降至20℃以下和棉株进一步的衰老(16果枝以上), 晚秋桃纤维素快速累积期延长, 相关物质转化率降低, 纤维累积速率过慢, 纤维细胞发育迟缓, 造成最终纤维比强度较低。     

主要栽培措施对高品质棉科棉3号纤维品质的影响

 于2005 2006年研究了密度、施肥和化控等措施对高品质棉科棉3号纤维品质的效应,发现烂铃和不同时期成铃的纤维品质存在较大差异,栽培措施影响烂铃率和棉花结铃分布,从而影响纤维品质。高N和不化控处理,伏前桃和伏桃烂铃率提高5～10倍,增加施N量和减少化控是导致烂铃率高的主要原因。后期植株全N含量与烂铃率呈极显著正相关,控制后期各器官N代谢有利于降低烂铃率。随施N量增加,后期结铃分布逐步提高;增加密度（尤其是高密度）导致伏桃比例降低,而伏前桃和晚秋桃比例增加;化控量增加前中期铃分布比例提高,中后期铃比例降低。从降低烂铃率和提高优质铃比例两方面综合分析,应保持适宜的密度和施N总量,N肥前期适当增加,中期稳定,后期减少;化控用量总量略增,运筹上做到“花前减,花期稳,封顶增”。     

温光气象因子影响棉铃产量和纤维品质性状的相关效应研究

 通过播期设置营造着果点棉铃差异性或相近性温光条件下完成棉铃发育过程,研究温度及光照两个气象因子对棉铃产量及纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明,不同温光条件各着果点棉铃的产量与品质性状差异达到极显著和显著水平,变异单铃纤维重>单铃子棉重>单铃生物量>衣分,比强度>伸长率>麦克隆值>纤维长度>整齐度;各着果点上不同开花期单铃纤维重极显著差异趋势一致,其它性状差异趋势不尽一致。依据温光气象因子与产量和品质性状的正相关,建立逐步回归分析动态模型分析铃期更具重要的影响因子,相对单铃总生物量6.0～7.0 g和单铃子棉重4.8～5.4 g的≥15℃有效积温范围为408.90～764.77℃和471.12～729.74℃,相对单铃纤维重1.8～2.3 g、麦克隆值3.5～4.9、纤维长度27～31 mm的平均日最低温度范围为15.46～26.33℃、13.1～23.6℃、15.9～26.6℃,相对纤维比强度值24.0～26.0 cN·tex^-1的日均温为21.2～23.7℃,相对衣分40%～42%的有效太阳辐射总量范围为871.45～899.57 MJ·m^-2 。据此可分别推理出江淮生态棉区目标性状棉铃的临界开花日。     

长江流域麦/油后直播棉花播种时间下限研究

【目的】晚播、增密、减氮是长江流域棉花生产通过缩短生产周期来降低人工成本和物化成本的有效途径,适宜的播种时间是麦/油后直播棉花产量形成的重要影响因子,但是适宜的播期及晚播下限的研究未见报道。【方法】2018年和2019年在湖北省主产棉区4个试验点进行播期试验,试验设5个播期处理,分别为5月20日、5月25日、5月30日、6月4日、6月9日,在高密度、低氮条件下,研究不同播种时间对棉花生育进程、田间长势长相、产量和品质的影响。【结果】推迟播种可通过缩短播种出苗期和苗期加速棉花生育进程,全生育期缩短,纤维品质稳定。但是,随播期推迟,伏桃数量、单株铃数、单位面积成铃数、籽棉产量及成熟期吐絮率下降。特别是过迟播种,单位面积成铃数、10月20日吐絮率及产量会显著下降。【结论】长江流域相似棉区麦/油后直播模式最适播期建议在5月25日左右,以不晚于6月4日为宜。     

Effects of Density and Miantaijin Chemical Control on Boll Characteristics and Physiological Activity of Direct-Seeded Cotton after Wheat Harvest

[Objective] The aim of this research is to study the effects of planting density and Miantaijin(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·mepiquat chloride of mass fraction 27.5%) chemical control on physiological leaf characteristics and boll setting characteristics of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest. [Method] In 2011―2012, the early-maturing variety Guoxinzao 11-1 was used as the experimental material. The study was conducted in Yangzhou University in 2011―2012 under the direct-seeded after wheat harvest cropping system, and the randomized complete block design was arranged with planting densities and Miantaijin rates. [Result] Under the density 105 000 plant·hm^－2 combined with 1 170 mL·hm^－2 Miantaijin, the boll setting was mainly concentrated before August 31. The SPAD value, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free amino acid content on July 15, July 30, August 15 of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest showed significant or extremely significant open-down parabola relationship with the number of bolls before August 31. It indicates that keeping the appropriate level of carbon and nitrogen physiological activity in cotton leaves is beneficial to high-quality bolls. [Conclusion] High density (105 000 plant·hm^－2) combined with proper Miantaijin control (1 170 mL·hm^－2) would contribute to forming quality bolls of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest, and the physiological activities of leaf carbon and nitrogen are suitable.     

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。     

Spatial difference of drought effect on photosynthesis of leaf subtending to cotton boll and its relationship with boll biomass

The leaf subtending to a cotton boll (LSCB) is vital to boll development and biomass, but few studies have examined the effects of drought on the source capacity of LSCBs on different fruiting branches (FBs). To investigate the response of LSCB photosynthesis on different FBs and the relationship of boll biomass to drought, a drought experiment was performed with three treatments: well‐watered (WW, soil water relative content [SRWC] 75 ± 5%), mild drought (MD, SRWC 60 ± 5%), and severe drought (SD, SRWC 45 ± 5%). Despite photosynthetic active radiation increasing under drought conditions, the pre‐dawn leaf water potential, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and maximum quantum yield in PSII (Fv/Fm) under MD and SD significantly decreased when compared with WW, with a more pronounced decrease observed on upper FBs. Additionally, the maximum sucrose and hexose levels in LSCBs increased under drought conditions, whereas the maximum starch content decreased on FB_10–11, but showed a varied trend on FB_2–3 and FB_6–7. Although carbohydrate levels in the LSCBs increased, biomass per cotton boll decreased. More importantly, the ratio of cotton boll biomass was significantly correlated to the maximum sucrose content ratio on each FB, indicating that sucrose allocation was important to cotton boll biomass. Cotton boll biomass notably decreased on upper FBs, but was maintained on lower FBs, indicating that drought promoted carbon allocation in older bolls. Thus, LSCBs and cotton bolls on upper FBs were more affected under drought conditions due to decreased photosynthesis and carbohydrate allocation.     

棉铃发育不同时期的质量变化研究

为探索棉铃发育过程中重量及品质的变化情况,通过挂牌选取不同时期棉铃进行测定分析。结果发现：在常规种植方式下,棉花上部（7台以上）、中部（4~6台）和下部（1~3台）果枝铃重有所差异,中部铃重最高,下部次之,上部最低,最大差值可达1.6 g;棉铃发育上,花后40~50天籽棉、铃壳、皮棉重量增加最快,且均在花后70天最重,而衣分则在花后55天最高;纤维品质指标中除了短纤维率呈不断下降趋势,花后45~55天下降最大,其余指标整体呈随生育进程增加而增加趋势,但长度、整齐度、断裂伸长率分别在花后65、70、60天出现最高值并有下降趋势。综上所述,棉铃发育并不是越长越好,花后超过70天,棉花重量、衣分、长度、强度、整齐度等多项指标都会降低,不利于棉花质量提升。     

高品质陆地棉铃-叶系统干物质质量的发育遗传研究

 应用加性-显性发育遗传模型及条件与非条件的统计分析方法,对6个高品质陆地棉品种（系）及其30个F₁组合的伏桃与对位果枝叶的干物质质量进行了研究。非条件方差分析表明,果枝叶质量在棉铃体积增大期主要受加性效应控制,内部充实期主要受显性效应控制;铃壳质量在不同发育时期均以加性效应为主;铃重在前中期主要受显性效应控制,后期以加性效应为主。条件遗传分析表明,影响果枝叶质量的净遗传效应在铃龄38 d至45 d达到高峰;控制铃壳质量的基因表达分别在铃龄17 d至24 d和铃龄38 d至45 d出现两个高峰;影响铃重性状的基因分别在铃龄17 d至24 d和铃龄31 d至38 d出现两个表达活跃的高峰,此后基因的表达量急剧下降。遗传相关分析表明不同发育时期的铃壳质量均与最终铃重成极显著的加性正相关。     

2005—2012年新疆南疆棉区棉花杂交种主要经济性状优势分析

研究杂交棉在高密度植棉模式下主要经济性状优势,为新疆南疆棉区棉花杂交种利用提供理论依据。利用2005—2012年南疆中早熟杂交棉和常规陆地棉区域试验品系和审定品种的皮棉产量、纤维品质性状的多年多点数据,进行整理和对比分析。在高密度膜下滴灌种植模式下,杂交棉参试组合经历了起步-快速发展-急速下降的过程。杂交棉参加区试组合在单株铃数、单铃重、衣分变幅较大。陆陆杂交棉组合平均皮棉产量略高于常规陆地棉,纤维长度、比强度等品质指标略低于常规陆地棉,但均不显著。陆陆杂交棉审定品种在单株结铃、单铃重方面显著高于常规陆地棉,但每公顷铃数较常规陆地棉低3.0万个,平均皮棉产量差异不显著。陆海杂交种在单株铃数、纤维品质、抗病性等总体优于陆陆杂交种和常规棉,但在单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量平均分别低于常规陆地棉27.0%、11.3%、7.0%。在目前高密度植棉模式下,参试杂交棉组合较常规陆地棉生产优势并不明显,继续开展高密度强优势杂交棉育种及种植模式研究非常必要。     

棉花季节桃纤维发育相关酶活性变化与纤维比强度形成的关系

 选择纤维比强度差异明显的3类基因型4个棉花品种,研究季节桃纤维发育相关酶活性的动态变化及其与纤维比强度形成的关系。结果表明,棉花伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃纤维POD、IAAO活性的动态变化依次下降,蔗糖合成酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性与之相反。对于伏前桃和伏桃,纤维发育相关酶活性高,有利于纤维素累积特性的优化和高强纤维的形成;早秋桃纤维发育关键酶活性高于伏前桃,且纤维素累积特征较优,最终纤维强度较伏前桃高;随着日均温降到20℃以下,棉株的衰老,晚秋桃纤维发育相关酶活性峰值后移,纤维比强度增长幅度大幅降低。棉花季节桃纤维发育过程中相关酶活性动态变化的差异是导致纤维素的累积特性及纤维比强度差异形成的重要生理原因之一。     

Soil drought duration and severity affect cotton boll biomass by altering recovery times and carbon dynamics of subtending leaf

Drought appears at flowering and boll formation for cotton frequently. However, reports on the impact of carbon dynamics in the subtending leaf on boll biomass under periodic droughts are limited. To investigate this, experiments were carried out with two cultivars (drought-tolerant: Dexiamian 1; drought-sensitive: Yuzaomian 9110), three water levels [soil relative water content (SRWC): control (75 ± 5)%, moderate drought (60 ± 5)%, severe drought (45 ± 5)%] and five drought durations (10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days). A 38-day drought declined the net photosynthetic rate of subtending leaf, which could be collectively attributed to the reduction in carboxylation with reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and stomal limitation with decreased stomatal conductance, along with the damage of photosynthetic apparatus with depressed maximum and actual photochemical quantum yield, leading to lower starch content. A 38-day drought also increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (Susy) and expressions of genes (GhSPS1, GhSPS2, GhSusA and GhSusB) associated with these enzymes, causing the accumulation of sucrose content, finally resulting in lower boll biomass. Some of the above parameters fully recovered under more than 17-day moderate drought or over 10-day severe drought, but boll biomass still decreased after re-watering. Under 10-day moderate drought, all aforementioned indices and boll biomass were completely recovered within 7 days of re-watering, and the recovery capacity of Yuzaomian 9110 was lower than that of Dexiamian 1. Therefore, rapid recovery of photosynthesis and decline in the subtending leaf sucrose content to pre-stress levels are important factors in lessening the impacts of drought on boll biomass and are indicative of cultivar tolerance to short-term moderate water deficit.     

南疆海岛棉和陆地棉棉铃发育过程中的生理生化特征

在大田条件下,以南疆主栽海岛棉和陆地棉为材料,研究棉铃发育过程中棉铃各部位的生理生化特征。结果表明,海岛棉铃壳叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量极显著高于陆地棉,类胡萝卜素含量极显著低于陆地棉。海岛棉铃壳、种子、纤维中可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化氢酶活性和抗坏血酸含量明显高于陆地棉,且纤维中过氧化物酶活性也高于陆地棉,铃壳中丙二醛含量低于陆地棉。海岛棉与陆地棉发育棉铃各部位生理生化的异质性是棉铃铃期、铃重、衣分和纤维长度、伸长率、比强度等种间差异的内在表现。     

棉铃疫病人工接种方法优化及应用

【目的】棉铃疫病是严重危害棉花生产的铃部病害。本研究旨在优化棉铃疫菌(苎麻疫霉,Phytophthora boehmeriae)的人工接种方法并有效应用。【方法】在室内保湿培养条件下,比较了棉株不同部位健康成铃自身携带棉铃疫菌的情况;利用贴接棉铃疫菌菌盘的方法,比较了棉铃表面消毒和不消毒、有伤和无伤接种对棉铃疫病发病情况的影响;建立棉铃疫病人工接种方法并应用于防治棉铃疫病化学药剂筛选、棉花品种抗病性鉴定和棉铃疫菌致病力检测。【结果】田间棉株下部第1~3果枝铃的棉铃疫病发病率显著高于中部第4~6果枝铃、中部第7~9果枝铃和上部第10~12果枝铃;75%(体积分数,下同)酒精浸泡棉铃2 min能够有效杀死棉铃表面携带的棉铃疫菌和其他真菌等杂菌;有伤接种棉铃疫菌,棉铃疫病发病快且均匀。建立了棉铃疫病快速人工接种方法:选取棉株中部第4~9果枝上的健康带柄成铃,去掉苞叶,用75%酒精浸泡消毒2 min,在棉铃中上部铃缝处针刺接种棉铃疫菌,25℃保湿培养3~7 d即可完全发病。应用优化的棉铃疫病人工接种方法筛选、鉴定结果表明,12种化学杀卵菌剂中,对棉铃疫病防效理想的药剂为25%(质量分数,下同)甲霜·霜霉威可湿性粉剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂和52.5%噁酮·霜脲氰水分散粒剂;16个棉花品种对棉铃疫病存在抗性差异;10个棉铃疫菌菌株中JP18-4的致病力最强,JP15-2对棉铃的致病力最弱。【结论】本研究优化建立了棉铃疫病人工接种方法。该方法在7 d内即可完成棉铃疫病相关试验的评价,为加快棉铃疫病防治药剂筛选、棉花品种抗病性鉴定和棉铃疫菌致病力检测提供可行的技术。