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饲料在收获前、储存期间或饲喂期间都可能受到几种真菌代谢物的污染,受污染的饲料会对家畜的生产性能和健康产生不利影响,并可能危害人体健康。反刍动物饲料原料种类多样化,与饲料原料种类较少的猪和家禽相比受到真菌毒素污染的风险更大。研究和调查表明,反刍动物通常受某些霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、单端孢菌毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马菌素和玉米赤霉烯酮)以及由不同种类链格孢属产生的其他次级代谢产物等真菌毒素的污染。本文综述了近几年国内外报道的霉菌毒素的污染情况,反刍动物饲料中常检测到的霉菌毒素类型以及由于摄入毒素而引起的动物毒理问题,并结合生产中常用的霉菌毒素脱毒方法,阐述利用合理技术防毒控毒对畜牧生产的重要性。 相似文献
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饲料在收获前、储存期间或饲喂期间都可能受到几种真菌代谢物的污染,受污染的饲料会对家畜的生产性能和健康产生不利影响,并可能危害人体健康。反刍动物饲料原料种类多样化,与饲料原料种类较少的猪和家禽相比受到真菌毒素污染的风险更大。研究和调查表明,反刍动物通常受某些霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、单端孢菌毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马菌素和玉米赤霉烯酮)以及由不同种类链格孢属产生的其他次级代谢产物等真菌毒素的污染。本文综述了近几年国内外报道的霉菌毒素的污染情况,反刍动物饲料中常检测到的霉菌毒素类型以及由于摄入毒素而引起的动物毒理问题,并结合生产中常用的霉菌毒素脱毒方法,阐述利用合理技术防毒控毒对畜牧生产的重要性。 相似文献
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一、猪瘟免疫失败的主要原因
1.霉菌毒素的影响
几乎所有的霉菌毒素都对免疫系统有破坏作用,猪只的免疫系统不足以抑制病原体的侵害,为疾病的发生创造了有利条件;霉菌毒素能导致畜禽产生免疫抑制,引起猪群免疫失败,使畜禽注射疫苗后抗体水平仍然很低,诱发多种疾病的发生,导致疫病传播.例如黄曲霉素B1(AFB1)和新月霉菌产生的T-2毒素会抑制蛋白质合成和细胞增殖,霉菌毒素在生物体外对淋巴细胞具有细胞毒杀性,可能因霉菌毒素对细胞膜作用(包括淋巴细胞受体改变)或干扰巨分子合成及其功能. 相似文献
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霉菌毒素种类繁多,其对农作物的污染给食品业、饲料业及畜牧业带来一系列不容忽视的问题.据估计,全世界约有25%的农作物在田间受到霉菌毒素的污染.玉米是我国最主要的饲料,其无论是在田间还是在仓贮都比其他饲料更易感染霉菌,许多专家学者提出中国"没有安全玉米"(指霉菌污染)的概念,加上其他饲料(麸皮、饼类)的霉菌污染,严重威胁猪群的健康,虽说许多猪场有用添加剂处理霉菌毒素,但处理多不彻底,猪群中仍然广泛存在霉菌毒素中毒的症状. 相似文献
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《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2012,32(5)
在现代畜禽养殖场中,尽管饲料原料在收割、存储和加工过程中都采取了相关措施,但霉菌毒素仍成为畜牧业一大威胁.由于气候条件有利霉菌的生长,霉菌毒素中毒症问题在热带国家或地区,如印度和东南亚更为严重.
霉菌毒素是家禽养殖场生产利润的侵蚀者,多种霉菌毒素混合污染会极大影响养殖场的生产性能和生产率. 相似文献
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<正>随着蛋鸡养殖业的集约化、规模化发展,饲料霉菌毒素对现代蛋鸡养殖的危害也越来越受到人们的关注,但是仍然有部分养殖户对霉菌毒素问题没有足够的认识,他们在选择饲料原料和贮存时很少考虑霉菌毒素的危害,这里简单介绍霉菌毒素的危害及简单应对措施。 相似文献
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<正>由于霉菌毒素对鸡的多样性和相乘性,造成了生产中防控的困难,饲料中霉菌毒素的污染和危害目前仍然是种鸡生产的一大威胁。在十几年规模种鸡场工作中深感霉菌毒素的危害严重,饲料生产中、原料储存中、甚至在中国原料生长和成熟的过程中已经有霉菌毒素的侵蚀和生长繁殖,而且生产中的霉菌毒素中毒经常伴随其他疾病或与其他疾病混淆,长期的危害鸡群健康甚至被部分养殖场老板忽视,控制霉菌毒素的生长与滋生、防止霉菌毒素中毒,在种鸡生产中有着非常重要的意义。1霉菌毒素对种鸡的危害霉菌毒素产生的临床中毒症状会因在饲料中的霉菌毒素种类、剂量、饲喂时间、霉菌毒素间的相互影响以及 相似文献
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真菌毒素是真菌在食品或饲料中生长所产生的代谢产物,这些低分子质量化合物既是天然存在的,同时也是无法避免的。真菌通过两种途径进入食物链,一方面可以直接从受真菌毒素污染的植物性食品成分进入食物链;另一方面也可以通过食物中产毒真菌生长的间接污染进入食物链。真菌毒素广泛存在于成熟的玉米、谷物、大豆、高粱、花生和饲料作物中。食用受真菌毒素污染的食物或饲料会对人和动物造成急性或慢性毒性。真菌毒素除了有直接食用受霉菌毒素污染的食物和饲料造成的不良影响外,还有因为摄入动物源性食品,如肉类、牛奶或鸡蛋,含有真菌毒素的残留物或代谢物而引起的公众健康问题。目前虽然已经鉴定出超过400种真菌毒素,但食物中广泛存在的6种毒素:黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素、呕吐毒素及T-2毒素,已在世界范围内引发了持续的食品安全问题。该论文总结了6种真菌毒素的毒性,重点分析了近年来电化学生物传感器在这几种真菌毒素检测中的研究进展,旨在通过一系列的总结分析去展望其在真菌毒素检测方面的发展前景。 相似文献
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Johanna Fink‐Grernmels 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):115-120
Abstract Mycotoxins contaminate various feed and food commodities, due to the global occurrence of toxinogenic molds. They exert adverse health effects in human and animals. The nature of these toxic effects varies depending on the chemical structure of the toxin. The degree of these adverse effects is not only determined by the toxin concentration present in foods and feeds, but also by the time of exposure. Whilst in animals, next to acute intoxication, losses in productivity, reduced weight gain and immunosuppression are considered as most important feature of mycotoxicoses, genotoxic effects and the involvement of certain mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, ochratoxins and fumonisins in the etiology of human cancers have obtained particular attention. This implies that recent research activities concentrate on mechanistic aspects of mycotoxin‐ induced pathologies, rather than compiling analytical measures of mycotoxin concentrations in food and feeds. 相似文献
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G D Osweiler 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2000,16(3):511-30, vii
Modern agriculture and production animal medicine require attention to high-quality feeds that are free from mycotoxin contamination that can cause economically important decreases in productivity. Maintaining current information about effects of mycotoxins on feed intake and growth, reproductive efficiency, and possible immunosuppression aid in effective consultation with livestock producers. Investigation and determination of potential production losses related to mycotoxins should use historical, clinical, laboratory, and experimental information to objectively evaluate whether mycotoxin contamination is clinically relevant. The practicing veterinarian or veterinary consultant can provide valuable clinical and interpretive assistance to producers who may have a real or potential mycotoxin contamination. Thorough diagnostic evaluation of animals, appropriate testing of feeds and forages, and rational consideration of differential diagnoses help to put mycotoxins in the proper perspective as a production-related management problem. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins: their implications for human and animal health 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Fink-Gremmels J 《The Veterinary quarterly》1999,21(4):115-120
Mycotoxins contaminate various feed and food commodities, due to the global occurrence of toxinogenic molds. They exert adverse health effects in human and animals. The nature of these toxic effects varies depending on the chemical structure of the toxin. The degree of these adverse effects is not only determined by the toxin concentration present in foods and feeds, but also by the time of exposure. Whilst in animals, next to acute intoxication, losses in productivity, reduced weight gain and immunosuppression are considered as most important feature of mycotoxicoses, genotoxic effects and the involvement of certain mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, ochratoxins and fumonisins in the etiology of human cancers have obtained particular attention. This implies that recent research activities concentrate on mechanistic aspects of mycotoxin-induced pathologies, rather than compiling analytical measures of mycotoxin concentrations in food and feeds. 相似文献
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2006~2007年中国饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查报告 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
作者评估了2006年和2007年上半年我国饲料原料和全价饲料中6种主要霉菌毒素的检出水平和分布特点,得出如下结论:①我国饲料原料和全价饲料中超标率和检出水平最高的霉菌毒素是玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素(田间型毒素)。人们一直重视的黄曲霉毒素(仓储型毒素)超标率和检出水平均比较低;②饲料原料和全价饲料中多种霉菌毒素往往同时存在,由于不同毒素间具有协同作用,将加剧毒素的毒性作用和中毒症状的严重程度;③副产品原料,特别是玉米副产品如干燥酒糟(DDGS)和玉米蛋白粉中霉菌毒素的污染非常严重;④与单一能量和蛋白质饲料原料相比,全价饲料中的多种霉菌毒素的检出水平才是相对比较准确和客观的控制指标;⑤控制霉菌毒素危害的最经济有效的措施是控制原料质量和使用有效的霉菌毒素吸附剂。 相似文献
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Mycotoxin interactions in poultry and swine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi. When one mycotoxin is detected, one should suspect that others also are present in a contaminated feed ingredient or finished feeds. The toxicity and clinical signs of observed in animals when more than one mycotoxin is present in feed are complex and diverse. Some mycotoxins, such as the combination of aflatoxin with either ochratoxin A or T-2 toxin, interact to produce synergistic toxicity in broiler chicks. The effects observed during multiple mycotoxin exposure can differ greatly from the effects observed in animals exposed to a single mycotoxin. For example, fatty livers in poultry are used for presumptive diagnostic identification of aflatoxicosis. However, simultaneous presence of ochratoxin A prevents fatty livers. Of the mycotoxin combinations that have been investigated in poultry and swine, the aflatoxin + ochratoxin A and aflatoxin + T-2 toxin interactions appear to be the most toxic. 相似文献