Genetic Control of Hemerythrin Specificity in a Marine Worm

A biochemical polymorphism of coelomic hemerythrin has been found in the sipunculid Golfingia gouldii; the electrophoretically "fast" and "slow" coelomic hemerythrins differ in their oxygen equilibria and by a single peptide in tryptic and chymotryptic "fingerprints." All individuals of this sipunculid have the same vascular hemerythrin, which is electrophoretically different from any of the coelomic hemerythrins. Vascular and coelomic hemerythrins of another sipunculid, Dendrostomum cymodoceae, have quite different "fingerprints." Thus, on the basis of two separate types of evidence the tissue-specific hemerythrins appear to have a distinct genetic basis. The embryological and phylogenetic implications are discussed.     

Hybridization experiments: evidence of dissociation equilibrium in hemerythrin

Partial succinylation of hemerythrin alters its electrophoretic mobility even though it remains an octameric macromolecule. Mixtures of this modified protein and unmodified hemerythrin generate species of intermediate electrophoretic mobility. Such behavior provides strong evidence that the octameric macromolecule is in mobile equilibrium with monomeric subunits.     

Amino Acid Composition of Hemerythrin in Relation to Subunit Structure

Determination of the amino acid composition of coelomic hemerythrin from Golfingia gouldii shows 3 arginine residues and 10 to 11 lysine residues per protein subunit of 13,500 molecular weight. On this basis, the 28 to 30 major peptide spots revealed by electrophoresis and chromatography of tryptic hydrolysates would indicate two kinds of subunit. However, similar evidence from chymotryptic hydrolyses is not unequivocal, since the number of peptide spots is also compatible with an assumption of only one kind of chain. In addition to indicating the possible existence of two types of subunit, the peptide maps of enzymic digests of hemerythrin from individual animals shows at least one and perhaps more differences in peptide composition.     

Functional characteristics of the blood of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab

Hemocyanin in the whole blood of the hydrothermal vent brachyuran crab, Bythograea thermydron, has a moderate oxygen affinity (P(50) = 6.6 millimeters of mercury at 2.6 degrees C; pH 7.5), which unlike that of other hemocyanins is independent of temperature over the range 2 degrees to 30 degrees C; carbon dioxide and pH have independent effects on the oxygen affinity of this pigment. The pH effect on affinity is moderate (Deltalog P(50)/DeltapH = -0.34), whereas increased carbon dioxide, which can act both directly and by changing pH, has a much larger effect (Deltalog P(50)/DeltapH = -0.81). This blood has a moderately high degree of cooperativity (Hill cooperativity coefficient, n, was 2.8) and a large oxygen-carrying capacity for a crustacean (4.5 milliliters of oxygen per 100 milliliters of blood). These properties characterize an oxygen transport system whose function appears to be largely independent of the wide range of environmental conditions encountered around the vents.     

白阿魏侧耳菌丝体生长条件的优化

白阿魏侧耳(Pleurotus nebrodensis)是一种特有的食药两用珍稀真菌,具有调节人体生理平衡,增强人体免疫功能的作用。本文以白阿魏侧耳为材料,研究了不同的温度、pH值、碳源、氮源和通气条件对其菌丝生长影响。结果表明菌丝生长的适宜生长温度范围为22℃～30℃,最适温度是25℃;适宜生长pH值为5.0～8.0,最适pH值是7.5;最适碳源为蔗糖;最适氮源为蛋白胨;充足的氧气有利于菌丝生长。     

磁化水的物理化学性能

除红外光谱和核磁共振谱与磁化前无明显差别外,磁化水的ｐＨ值、溶解氧和难溶盐的溶解度均增加,紫外吸收知和密度降低,挥发性加快,电导率的变化与磁场强度和磁经时间有关,并发现磁化水的电导率有滞后效应,对磁化水性能变化的机理提出了初步见解。     

环境温度对水产养殖定量化影响的研究

分析了环境温度条件对水产养殖的作用,从而为生产实践借鉴。分别对自然池塘溶解氧以及人工增氧情况下的水体中溶解氧与水温进行观测,研究了水温与养殖水体溶解氧、pH值及氨氮量的关系。并分别以尼罗罗非鱼、中华鳖和文种金鱼为养殖对象,系统地分析了水温对养殖对象生长、摄食、繁殖机能的影响。水温与溶氧量关系符合等比级曲线模型,水温与氨氮总量整体上呈负相关。不同水产生物对水温具有不同的适应性,在适温范围,水温越高,养殖对象摄食量越大,生长速度越快,饵料系数越小。水温的高低直接决定着受精卵的孵化时间,在适温范围内,水温越高孵化时间越短。水温不仅影响养殖水体水质状况,还影响养殖对象的生长发育。     

温度和pH对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的影响

【目的】明确中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）幼蟹在不同环境条件下的呼吸代谢规律,为其幼蟹养殖条件的优化和种苗繁育提供参考依据。【方法】通过密封静水式试验,探究不同温度（10、15、20、25、30 ℃）和pH（6.0、7.0、8.0、 9.0）对不同规格［大规格组（L）的体质量21.68±3.58 g...     

Bohr Effect: Absence in a Molluscan Hemocyanin

The hemocyanin of the keyhole limpet, Diodora aspera, shows no Bohr effect within the pH range 6.88 to 7.84. At 10 degrees C the pressure of half-saturation is 5 mm-Hg of oxygen pressure. A moderately positive interaction occurs among the oxygen-combining sites during oxygenation. The heat of oxygenation is calculated to be approximately -12.6 kcal/mole of oxygen. The pH of normal blood of Diodora is lower than that of many other marine molluscs.     

不同生态因子对曼氏皮海鞘耗氧率的影响

在静水条件下,研究了温度、盐度、pH、规格对曼氏皮海鞘Molgulamanhattensis耗氧率的影响及其昼夜变化规律。结果表明：温度为12～20℃时,曼氏皮海鞘的个体耗氧量和耗氧率随温度的升高而增大,高于20℃时则出现明显的下降趋势（P〈0．01）;盐度为20～32时,曼氏皮海鞘的个体耗氧量和耗氧率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度高于32时则出现明显的下降趋势（P〈0．01）;pH为6～8时,曼氏皮海鞘表现出较高的个体耗氧量和耗氧率,而pH低于6和高于8时则明显下降（P〈0．01）;曼氏皮海鞘的个体耗氧量随体质量的增大而增大,而耗氧率则随体质量的增大而减小;曼氏皮海鞘的个体耗氧量和耗氧率昼夜有两个生理高峰,分别为9：00—12：00及3：00—6：00两个时段。     

背角无齿蚌净化精养池塘水质试验

【目的】探讨背角无齿蚌对池塘养殖水中悬浮颗粒物的滤除效果及其对水体溶解氧（DO）和pH值等的影响,为合理利用该滤食性蚌类构建和优化池塘内部水质净化系统提供科学依据。【方法】在室内的试验条件下,采用不同密度配置的圆背角无齿蚌净化精养鱼池水质,通过测定水中固体悬浮颗粒、DO和pH值,比较其净化效果。【结果】放养圆背角无齿蚌10h后对水中固体悬浮物去除率为47.97%～91.87%,但圆背角无齿蚌的呼吸作用及滤食藻类会引起水体DO和pH值降低。【结论】背角无齿蚌对精养鱼池水中悬浮颗粒物具有较好的滤除效果,但必须要掌握合理的吊养密度,既保证对水中悬浮颗粒物有较高滤除效率,又避免对水体DO和pH造成显著影响。     

利用光合细菌调节养殖用水的比较试验

[目的]为光合细菌在水产养殖中的推广使用提供理论依据。[方法]以pH值、溶解氧含量和透明度作为试验测定的水质指标,采用水质分析测定仪测定水产养殖池塘中水体的pH值,碘量法测定水体的溶解氧含量,黑白盘法测定水体的透明度。[结果]2年的对比试验结果表明：施用光合细菌后,养殖池塘的透明度、溶解氧含量明显高于未施用光合细菌的养殖池塘;pH值变化不明显。实施光合细菌调节水质的池塘,其pH值和溶解氧含量均达到无公害水产养殖用水标准（GB11607-1989）。[结论]光合细菌通过光合作用将有机质分解为无机盐类,具有增加水体溶解氧含量、改善水质的作用。因此,在水产养殖中推广使用光合细菌,对防止水体富营养化、改善水质具有十分重要的意义。     

紫色非硫光合细菌培养特性的研究

采用光合细菌中的紫色非硫菌为材料,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了pH、温度、光照、氧气以及接种量对其生长繁殖的影响.结果表明,pH、光照、氧水平、接种量对紫色非硫光合细菌生长的影响达到了极显著水平.PH为7.0,日夜交替光照、微氧条件,接种量为20%是紫色非硫光合细菌培养的最佳条件,这为快速培养高活性的光合细菌奠定了理论基础.     

饵料中的维生素B6对日本沼虾部分免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨饵料中维生素B6对日本沼虾部分免疫功能的影响。[方法]在温度为18—23℃、pH值为（7．50±0．10）的条件下,研究了饵料添加不同水平的维生素B6（0、40、80、160、240mg／kg）对日本沼虾部分免疫功能的影响。[结果]随着饵料中维生素B6含量的增加,日本沼虾肌肉中活性氧含量下降,维生素B6含量为80mg／kg时,其活性氧含量降至最低水平,但随着维生素B6含量的继续增加,其活性氧含量迅速上升。饵料中添加一定量的维生素B6可明显提高日本沼虾肌肉中SOD的活性,当添加量为80mg/kg时,SOD活性显著高于对照组。[结论]添加一定量维生素B6可明显提高日本沼虾肌肉中SOD的活性,能够清除机体内由于缺乏维生素B6产生的活性氧自由基,减轻自由基对机体的伤害,从而提高日本沼虾机体的免疫力。     

Hemoglobin adaptation for fast and slow water habitats in sympatric catostomid fishes

The oxygen equilibria of Catostomus insignis hemoglobins are pH dependent. Catostomus clarkii hemoglobins have some components (20 percent) whose oxygen equilibria are independent of pH because the alpha chains have NH(2)-termini that are blocked and the beta chains lack the "usual" COOH-terminal histidine. Since the Bohr effect is normally a beneficial phenomenon, the maintenance of some hemoglobins without a Bohr effect must provide a physiological advantage that is habitat specific. The intrastream ecological preferences of these sympatric catostomids suggest that the hemoglobins without the Bohr effect confer an ecological advantage in a swift water habitat.     

油田集输管道介质多相流腐蚀数学模型研究

建立了多相流条件下油田集输管道介质腐蚀因素研究的数学模型。结合现场情况,研究了集输管道介质流速、含氧量、pH值、矿化度、温度、二氧化碳分压、含水率7个因素对20号管材的腐蚀影响趋势,指出在集输管道中介质的流速、含氧量、细菌变化范围较大,是造成集输管道局部腐蚀的主要原因,低pH值和高矿化度的环境也加速了管道的腐蚀进程。     

Transport of oxygen through hemoglobin solutions

An expression is derived for the steady-state diffusion rate of oxygen through a solution or suspension of oxygen-carrying particles. Several special cases of interest are discussed and compared with the data of Hemmingsen and Scholander. Their observed dependence of the rate of specific oxygen transport on pressure and pH is consistent with the present expression.     

藻类对池塘水环境的影响及水生植物和鲢鳙对水体的净化

利用生态浮床植物和鲢鳙对池塘养殖污染水体净化效果进行了研究。结果表明:藻类代谢对地表水中DO和p H均产生影响。藻类光合作用增加水体中含氧量,吸收二氧化碳影响水中碳酸及碳酸盐浓度平衡,导致水中p H偏向碱性。水体溶解氧增加,促进硝化反应,避免氨氮和亚硝态氮的积累。生态浮床黄花鸢尾长势很好,它的生长有效控制了水体氮磷含量的进一步提高,对水体具有较强的去除氮磷能力。鲢鳙摄食浮游生物等天然饵料,实现了水体氮磷转移,42.67 kg渔获物,提取氮1 207.5 g,剔除水体中氮0.905 mg/L,提取磷88.4 g,剔除水体中磷0.066 mg/L,起到了净化水体作用。试验证明:浮游植物、水生植物和鲢鳙对调控水域生态环境有着十分重要的作用。     

Cat hemoglobin: pH-dependent cooperativity of oxygen binding

Cat hemoglobin has a lower cooperativity and oxygen affinity than most mammalian hemoglobins. In contrast to the usual invariance of cooperativity with pH, a rise in cooperativity with pH is predicted by the allosteric model for low-affinity hemoglobins. Such a pH-dependent cooperativity for cat hemoglobin has been found.     

背角无齿蚌净化精养池塘水质试验

【目的】探讨背角无齿蚌对池塘养殖水中悬浮颗粒物的滤除效果及其对水体溶解氧（DO）和pH值等的影响,为合理利用该滤食性蚌类构建和优化池塘内部水质净化系统提供科学依据。【方法】在室内的试验条件下,采用不同密度配置的圆背角无齿蚌净化精养鱼池水质,通过测定水中固体悬浮颗粒、DO和pH值,比较其净化效果。【结果】放养圆背角无齿蚌10 h后对水中固体悬浮物去除率为47.97%～91.87%,但圆背角无齿蚌的呼吸作用及滤食藻类会引起水体DO和pH值降低。【结论】背角无齿蚌对精养鱼池水中悬浮颗粒物具有较好的滤除效果,但必须要掌握合理的吊养密度,既保证对水中悬浮颗粒物有较高滤除效率,又避免对水体DO和pH造成显著影响。