Differences between spring wheat cultivars in early growth

Summary Twelve spring wheat cultivars were grown as isolated plants in the field and their pre-anthesis growth was interpreted in terms of plant growth analysis. Relative growth rate (RGR) decreased steadily with time due to a decline of leaf area per unit plant weight (LAR), which could be explained by the reduction of the portion of leaf weight in total plant weight (LWR). Growth per unit leaf area (NAR) and leaf area per unit leaf weight (SLA) changed only little with time.Differences between cultivars for NAR and LAR were of similar magnitude: both 8% when measured by the genetic coefficient of variation. Because both quantities were negatively correlated, the genetic variation of RGR was only 5%. Genetic variation for LWR and SLA were also of similar size, both about 4%. Estimates of genetic variances and covariances based on cultivar means appeared to be biased strongly when the error variation of the means was neglected.Special attention is paid to the methodology of plant growth analysis.     

Analysis of differences in growth of cucumber genotypes under low light conditions in relation to night temperature

Summary Growth of four breeding lines and two cultivars of slicing cucumber with different growth at low temperature and light intensity was analysed in relation to night temperature. Plants were grown from 17 days after sowing at 20°C day temperature and 20, 15 or 10°C night temperature (NT), a light intensity of 24 W/m² visible radiation and a daylength of 8 hours. Data from six successive harvests, ending 47 days after sowing, were analysed according to a MANOVA procedure.RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA and LWR generally decreased with time. Ln W and RGR were largely similar at 20 and 15°C NT, but reduced at 10°C NT. LAR and SLA decreased at each lower NT, whereas LWR increased. NAR was only marginally affected by NT. Significant genotypic differences occurred for 1n W, LAR, SLA, LWR, stem length and percentage of dry matter in leaves and stems at all NT's and for RGR and NAR only at 20°C. Genotypic differences for 1n W could not be explained by differences for RGR, but by differences for initial plant weight.Significant genotype × night temperature interactions were present for LWR. Breeding lines increased LWR in response to lower NT, while that of cultivars remained fairly constant. Implications for breeding are discussed.Abbreviations and definitions L plant length - LA leaf area - W dry weight of the shoot - RGR relative growth rate (the increase in W per unit of time and unit of W) - NAR net assimilation rate (the increase in W per unit of time and unit of LA) - LAR leaf area ratio (the leaf area at time t per unit of W) - SLA specific leaf area (the leaf area at time t per unit of leaf weight) - LWR leaf weight ratio (the leaf weight at time t per unit of W) - RGR NAR × LAR - LAR SLA × LWR - MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance     

Growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under chilling conditions in the field

Maize inbred lines of different origins were grown in spring (for 2 years at early and usual sowing dates) in northeastern Switzerland (latitude 47°27′ N; 550 and 720 m a.s.l.) until five to six leaves were fully developed. Averaged over all observation periods, the group of inbred lines used in hybrids for cool temperate regions (CT lines) showed better heterotrophic and autotrophic shoot growth and faster development than the group of lines adapted to warm tropical regions (CS lines). The more efficient autotrophic shoot growth of CT lines was expressed by higher rates of relative growth (RGR) and relative leaf area expansion (RLGR) and was related to a higher net assimilation rate (NAR) and a lower leaf area ratio (LAR). CT lines had better radiation use efficiency (RUE), higher rates of net photosynthesis (P_N), and lower specific leaf area (SLA) than CS lines. The greater RGR and RLGR of CT line Z 7 as compared to the CS line Penjalinan were related to a higher assimilation rate but not to a better use of carbohydrates; in Z 7 the balance between assimilation production and use resulted in a greater accumulation of soluble carbohydrates and starch. Genotypic variability existed for most growth parameters and was greatest for NAR. Growth responses of inbred lines under field conditions in spring were influenced mainly by temperature. Of all parameters, NAR was correlated best with temperature. Under decreasing temperature, RGR, RLGR, the rate of leaf appearances (RLA) and NAR decreased, whereas LAR, leaf area partitioning (LAP), and SLA increased slightly. The soluble carbohydrate content of Z 7 and Penjalinan also increased. RUE showed the best correlation with the daily minimum air temperature. Within the temperature limits of this experiment, no significant interactions were found between inbred line and temperature.     

Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low night temperatures and low light intensity

Summary In three experiments the growth of 16 genotypes of tomato was examined. The plants were raised in growth rooms at a day temperature of 19°C and night temperatures of 14, 10 or 6°C respectively under a light intensity of 24 Wm^-2 visible radiation and a daylength of 8 hours. The results were analysed by a multivariate analysis of variance.Relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) decreased with time. The change in net assimilation rate (NAR) was small. The decrease in RGR was mainly due to the decrease in LAR.RGR, LAR and SLA were lower and LWR slightly higher at lower night temperatures. NAR was hardly affected. The lower RGR at lower night temperatures was mainly due to a lower SLA.Significant differences between genotypes were found in total dry weight, NAR, LAR, SLA and LWR, but hardly in RGR. Significant genotype × temperature interactions occurred.LAR and SLA were positively, NAR and LAR, and NAR and SLA negatively correlated.     

Inheritance of growth characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under low energy conditions

Summary To study the mode of inheritance of W, RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA and LWR, the growth of 15 tomato genotypes and 104 of their F1's was analyzed. The plants were grown at a 19°C day temperature and a 10°C night temperature under a light intensity of 24 Wm^-2 visible radiation and a daylength of 8 hours. Combining ability analyses of variance revealed highly significant differences in GCA values between parents for all characters studied and significant SCA values for some of the characters. GCA values for NAR and LAR, and for NAR and SLA were strongly negatively correlated. A strong positive correlation existed between GCA values for LAR and SLA. The possibilities for improving growth under low energy conditions by using growth characters in breeding are discussed.Abbreviations W dry weight of the plant - RGR relative growth rate - NAR net assimilation rate - LAR leaf area ratio - SLA specific leaf area - LWR leaf weight ratio - MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance - GCA general combining ability - SCA specific combining ability     

Growth Analysis of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Relation to Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

Studies were carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore during winter seasons of 1982—83 and 1983—84 to analyse the growth rhythm of onion in relation to irrigation and N fertilization. It was observed that irrigation at 0.45 to 0.65 bar soil water potential recorded higher dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area ratio (LAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) during most of the stages, while net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were not markedly affected. Highest harvest index was noticed with irrigation at 0.65 bar.
Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased dry matter accumulation and distribution into different parts, LAI, LAD, LAR, CGR and harvest index. Although NAR and RGR showed an increasing trend with N fertilization, the effect was not significant during most of the stages. There was no significant interaction between soil water potential and N fertilization on any of the growth parameters.     

两个超级杂交水稻品种物质生产的特性

定量分析超级杂交水稻若干群体指标的动态特征,以期为其高产栽培提供依据。于2011年和2012年在大田条件下,以超级杂交水稻准两优527、Q优6号和对照品种II优838为试材,通过连续测定干物质和叶面积,建立了水稻群体干物质和相对叶面积指数动态模型,进而以群体干物质和相对叶面积指数模型为基础,分析了超级杂交水稻作物生长率、相对生长率、光合势、净同化率、叶面积比率动态变化特征。结果表明,超级杂交水稻快增期的干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例均高于对照。作物生长率(CGR)随移栽后时间呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线变化,其快增期的CGR较大。与对照相比,超级杂交水稻相对生长率(RGR)表现出上升快、峰值大、下降快的特点。准两优527在移栽后23 d至成熟期高于对照,Q优6号的RGR在移栽后43 d以前低于对照,移栽后43 d至113 d高于对照,两者在移栽后113 d至成熟期的RGR相差不大。不同水稻净同化率(NAR)随移栽后时间呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线变化,最大NAR出现在移栽后43~53 d。总光合势与快增期光合势及与快增期绿叶面积持续时间均呈极显著正相关。2个超级杂交水稻叶面积比率(LAR)在移栽后23 d至43 d迅速下降,移栽后43 d至73 d缓慢下降,移栽后73 d至成熟期快速下降,其快增期的LAR较大。     

Effects of Population on Physiological Growth Parameters of Pigeonpea Genotypes in Sole and Intercropped Stand with Sorghum CO 22

A field experiment was conducted during khariff 1984 in sandy clay loam soil under irrigated condition at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with a view (i) to find out the possibility of introducing short duration dwarf variety of sorghum CO 22 as an intercrop with pigeonpea genotypes, (ii) to study the effect of different plant population levels and intercropping of sorghum CO 22 on pigeonpea genotypes, and (iii) to find out compatible pigeonpea genotypes and plant population level for pigeonpea based intercropping system with sorghum CO 22.
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22.     

Phenological development of East African highland banana involves trade-offs between physiological age and chronological age

The phenology of East African highland banana (Musa acuminata AAA-EA, hereafter referred to as ‘highland banana’) is poorly understood. We tested three hypotheses: (1) the physiological age at flowering is independent of site effects, (2) there is no difference in threshold size at flowering between sites with different growth potential, and (3) morphological and physiological components of highland banana relative growth rate (RGR) contribute equally to mitigate growth reduction in response to limiting supply of water, K or N. The physiological age of highland banana plants from field trials at Kawanda (central Uganda) and Ntungamo (south-western Uganda) was computed from daily temperature records. Growth analysis was conducted using RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass ratio (LMR) estimated from allometry. Growth response coefficients were used for quantifying the relative contribution of NAR, SLA and LMR to RGR. Physiological age at flowering was delayed by 739 °C d at Kawanda compared with that at Ntungamo whose chronological age at flowering was in turn 51 d older. At both sites a threshold total dry mass of 1.5 kg per plant was required for flowering. Faster absolute growth rate and NAR fostered by wet conditions, K input and cooler temperatures enabled plants at Ntungamo to attain the threshold total dry mass sooner than those at Kawanda, hence the phenotypic plasticity in age at flowering. Net assimilation rate contributed at least 90% to RGR increase due to wet conditions at both sites. The contribution of NAR to RGR increase in response to K at Kawanda reduced to 38% while that for SLA increased to 49%. Net assimilation rate contributes more to highland banana RGR modulation than SLA except when warmer conditions reduce NAR. Differences in crop growth rate cause phenotypic plasticity in highland banana rate of phenological development.     

新疆石河子棉区高密条件下冠层结构和光分布特征

对新疆石河子5个棉花主栽品种全生育期的干物质积累、生长参数、产量和盛铃期的冠层结构、光渗透能力和光分布等进行了测量分析。结果表明,作物生长速率、铃生长率以及子棉产量等均与总受光量呈正相关关系,净同化率则与单位叶面积受光量呈正相关关系,说明受光量是决定干物质生产和产量的重要因素;单位叶面积受光量即光的渗透能力与单位土地面积总受光量呈正相关关系、而与LAI呈负相关关系,说明冠层结构也是影响冠层受光量的主要因素;总受光量与LAI呈显著的正相关关系,说明LAI最大值并未达到最适宜水平。新疆地区棉花高产棉田的主要特征可以总结为叶数少、叶片大、冠层结构为椭圆形。由于叶面积指数尚未达到最适宜水平,增加种植密度可能是提高产量的一个途径。     

不同氮素水平下双季稻株型与冠层内光截获特征研究

本文旨在阐明双季稻株型与冠层内光合有效辐射截获的时空分布特征。选用4个不同株型早、晚稻品种,设置4个不同施氮水平,系统观测其植株形态和冠层内光合有效辐射截获率(IPAR)的时空分布状况。结果表明,施氮水平对早、晚稻株高、穗长、叶长和叶基角均有显著影响,均表现为随施氮水平的增加而增大;早、晚稻孕穗期的分层叶面积指数(LAI)和向上累积LAI大于抽穗后12 d,分层LAI呈冠层中部大于上部和下部的分布特征,最大分层LAI出现在0.58相对高度处;冠层上中部分层LAI和向上累积LAI随施氮水平的增加而增大;向上累积LAI随相对高度呈S型曲线分布,可用Logistic方程定量描述(R~2 0.99);早、晚稻孕穗期的冠层IPAR大于抽穗后12 d,且随施氮水平的增加而增大,其日变化表现为正午较小,早晚较大;株型紧凑的早、晚稻品种,冠层IPAR低;冠层IPAR与向下累积LAI之间的关系可用方程IPAR=a (1-e~(-b×LAI))定量描述(R~2 0.88);冠层内IPAR的三维空间分布表现为冠层上中部水平面上IPAR较低,光斑变化大,冠层下部水平面上IPAR较高,光斑变化较平缓,同一冠层高度水平面上的IPAR呈不均匀分布。研究结果可为双季稻高产栽培及理想株型的优化设计提供支撑。     

Growth Analysis Using Classical and Functional Techniques in Relation to Soil Moisture in Mustard

A Reid experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on growth of two mustard cultivars using classical and functional techniques of growth analysis. Two soil moisture levels were irrigated at 10-day intervals and a rainfed control was included. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) were significantly increased by irrigation at most of stages of growth. Starting from a lower value, LAI and LAD reached a peak and then gradually declined. Among the growth attributes, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) increased significantly under irrigation. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased more in the irrigated plants than the rainfed plants at the later stages of growth. LAR and LWR declined throughout with increasing time and plant weight. Seed yield of the irrigated plants was positively correlated with the pre-flowering LAI and the post-flowering CGR and NAR. In the rainfed plants, seed yield was positively correlated with LAI and CGR at the post-flowering stage and negatively with the post-flowering NAR and pre-flowering LAR.     

Intact Plant, Callus and Field Grain Yield Responses of Tepary Bean to Drought

In a field trial involving four tepary lines (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), NE#8A and NE#19 produced higher grain yield than NE#5 and NE#7 under both well watered and drought conditions. However, NE#8A is considered more resistant than NE#19 in terms of drought sensitivity index. Greenhouse investigations on intact plants indicated no differences among the four lines in leaf and stem dry mass, and leaf area. Root depth did not strictly differentiate lower‐yielding from higher‐yielding lines. In contrast to lower‐yielding lines, however, plants of higher‐yielding ones allocated greater dry matter (DM) in roots in response to imposed water stress. Distinctly, NE#19 had the greatest root : shoot (R : S) while NE#8A characterized by high net photosynthesis. Both NE#8A and NE#19 showed reduced leaf area : root dry mass ratio, stomata conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, these two lines showed no significant changes in leaf relative water content while photosynthetic water‐use‐efficiency increased in response to water stress. Calli derived from leaf and root tissues of higher‐yielding lines exhibited low initial osmotic potential (ψ_s). These calli did not show alterations in ψ_s, DM% and relative growth rate (RGR) when subjected to water stress. Although leaf‐ and root‐derived calli of lower‐yielding lines exhibited osmotic adjustment, they suffered water stress in terms of elevated DM and reduced RGR. Overall, results suggest that dehydration‐avoidance mechanisms conditioned by increased root mass and stomata resistance accompanied with low initial cellular ψ_s sustained high grain yield of tepary under limited water supply.     

Influence of Soil Moisture on Growth, Water Use and Yield of Mustard

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil moisture on growth, water use and yield of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. cv. Rai 5 ). Two soil moisture regimes were rainfed and irrigated at 10 days interval throughout the growing season. The total amount of water received as irrigation was 110 mm and as rainfall was 15 mm. Total dry matter per unit ground area, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were increased and leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were decreased by irrigation. Chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content (RLWC) were increased by irrigation, but proline content was greater in the rainfed crop at both the flowering and pod-filling stages. Time taken to first flowering, duration of flowering, number of seeds/pod and harvest index were unaffected by irrigation. Plant height at harvest, number of pods/plant, seed yield and oil content of seeds were increased and 1000-seed weight was decreased by irrigation. The consumptive use of water increased with an increase in water supply, but the water use efficiency (WUE) was decreased.     

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Growth Indices, Root Yield and its Components in Upland and Inland Valley Ecologies of Sierra Leone

Cassava is predominantly an upland crop that is also cultivated in inland valley swamps (IVS). Identifying physiological traits that can withstand excess moisture stress can aid in the selection and use of stable cassava cultivars in IVS. Three cassava cultivars were evaluated for growth and yield in the upland and IVS ecologies in the 1993–94 crop seasons using a randomized complete block design. In the upland, 80/40 outyielded 87/29 and 'coco', while in the IVS, 87/29 had the highest yield. Highest yielding cultivars in each ecology also had the highest tuberous root bulking rate (TBR), dry matter (DM) production, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate, net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index, leaf production rate and leaf life. Positive correlations between these parameters and tuberous root yield were noted. High yield of 87/29 in IVS was partly due to its low tuberous root rotting. High root rotting in 80/40 was partly as a result of the greater depth of tuberous roots in the soil (0.3–0.6 m) as compared to the other cultivars (0.15–0.3 m) where roots were in contact with stressful water levels earlier than others. The yield and yield components, growth and leaf characters were all drastically reduced when the cultivars were grown in IVS as compared to upland. For example, root yields of 'coco', 87/29 and 80/40 were reduced by 53 %, 60 % and 92 %, respectively, in IVS. Selection of cassava cultivars with longer leaf life and leaf area maintenance leading to high CGR, TBR, NAR and harvest index (in IVS and upland), coupled with a shallow tuberous root formation zone (in IVS) can give higher root and leaf yields in the two ecologies.     

Critical Leaf Area Index in Pigeonpea

Experiment conducted with six pigeonpea cultivars over three seasons revealed that the critical leaf area index was 5.3 which coincided with the maximum crop growth rate and optimum net assimilation rate. It was also evident that the crop growth rate was influenced more by NAR rather than LAI. This study also suggests that by maintaining higher photosynthesis upto harvest, there is ample possibility to increase the crop growth rate till harvest.     

Agrophysiological characterisation and parametrisation of Andean tubers: Potato (Solanum sp.), oca (Oxalis tuberosa), isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) and papalisa (Ullucus tuberosus)

Bolivia is part of the eight most important centres of biodiversity and domestication of plants in the world, including a broad diversity of Andean grains, roots and tubers. A study was implemented to obtain the quantitative information to develop and validate, a simple growth potential model of Andean tubers in production areas located above 3000 m altitude, and to analyze the difference between species in growth attributes and the resulting tuber production. Three potato species and sub-species (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigenum and ssp. tuberosum, and Solanum juzepczukii) as well as Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), Isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosum) and Papalisa (Ullucus tuberosus) were studied. Trials were conducted under normal field conditions prevailing in Bolivia but with the best cropping techniques available locally to obtain optimal growing conditions. Data on dry weight (of leaves, stems, tubers and roots) and leaf area were taken at several dates in five trials conducted between 1993 and 2003. The percentage of ground cover was also measured. Beta functions were fitted to data of dry weight and leaf area to establish growth curves. The potato groups have a smaller cycle duration than other Andean tubers. The Crop Growth Analysis indicated three important characteristics differentiating Andean tubers: the S. juzepczukii potato has a high Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and a higher leaf mass ratio but a smaller tuber yield, due to a smaller harvest index (HI) and a very low Net Assimilation Rate (NAR). S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum potatoes have smaller Leaf Area Index (LAI), and RGR than juzepczukii, but their NAR and HI are higher. S. tuberosum potatoes are quite productive for the size of their LAI. The Tropaeolum tuberosum or Isaño has a great capacity of Ground Cover (GC) or a great LAI that is not translated into a greater tubers yield. It has low RGR, NAR and HI compared to all the other species studied. The crop growth was interpreted in Light Use Efficiency (LUE) and evolution of light interception through a linear model. The LUE of potato group is more elevated than the LUE of the other Andean tubers. Within each group there is no statistical difference for the LUE value. The relationship of LAI with GC or fraction of light interception was determined with both linear and exponential relations. The low slope value for the relationship between LAI and GC characterises all Andean tubers studied compared to results reported for potato under other latitudes.     

Different Physiological Reactions at Vegetative and Generative Stage of Development of Field Bean Plants Exposed to Flooding and Undergoing Recovery

Plants at various stages of growth are differentiated in their susceptibility to environmental stresses and possibility of regeneration during recovery period after cessation of stress. The role of antioxidative enzymes in the stabilisation of the physiological state of field bean plants was studied. Catalase, peroxidises activity, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were determined after 1 and 7 days of flooding and after 1 and 7 days of recovery from flooding. The influence of flooding on plants growth was analysed on the basis of leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Changes in antioxidative enzymes caused by flooding applied at vegetative stage were reversible. In generative plants, antioxidative enzymes were activated to a greater extent during recovery period and in contrast to vegetative plants did not attain the control level after that period. The reduction in growth was greater when flooding stress was applied at vegetative stage. Vegetative plants regardless of the stabilisation of antioxidant system were not able to restore the physiological function to attain the optimal growth level after flooding. Probably other injuries caused by flooding had a dominant effect on enzymatic antioxidant changes during stress period.     

不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性

研究了种植密度对夏播玉米(CF008、郑单958和金海5号）冠层结构及光合特性的影响,目的是通过密度调控,构建高效冠层,发挥品种潜力,同时确立不同夏玉米品种高产高效冠层的定量化技术指标。结果表明,3个夏玉米品种均在中或低密度下（CF008为9.75和11.25万株 hm-2,郑单958为8.25和9.75万株 hm^-2,金海5号为6.75和8.25万株 hm^-2）构建的冠层较合理,冠层光合性能较高。冠层内透光率、叶夹角、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）和净光合速率（Pn）均随着密度的增加而降低,说明高密度易造成群体内光分布不合理,导致光合性能的降低。灌浆中期前群体光合势（LAD）和叶面积指数（LAI）均表现为中或高密度条件下较高,而后为中或低密度下较高,并且吐丝后LAD所占比率为中或低密度处理显著高于高密度处理,说明高密度条件下冠层结构不合理,造成生育后期叶片提早衰老。在中或低密度下,群体穗位层透光率较大,吐丝期和灌浆中期分别为13.4%~19.45%和16.19%~21.48%;叶面积发展动态较为合理,吐丝期LAI达5.59~6.75,成熟期仍然保持在2.24~3.68,尤其中上层叶片LAI高值持续期较长;吐丝期中上层叶片Pn达到33.6~43.8 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1;吐丝后的群体LAD较高,特别是中密度下LAD达172.01~235.91 m2 d m-2,后期光合面积持续时间较长,更有利于玉米产量的提高。     

甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性

旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象,以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照,在机插高产栽培条件下,对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为ABDC,叶基角表现为DABC,披垂度表现为DBCA。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为DABC,冠层下部叶面积密度表现为CBAD,最大叶面积密度表现为ADBC,最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为DABC。冠层上部相对光照表现为ABCD,冠层下部相对光照表现为BACD,冠层平均相对光照表现为BACD,冠层消光系数表现为CDBA。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈DABC趋势,有效叶面积率呈ABCD趋势;颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为ABCD。经济产量、生物产量均表现为ABCD,经济系数呈DCBA趋势;蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII的光化学效率及净光合速率呈ABCD趋势;抽穗至成熟期剑叶的MDA含量呈DCBA趋势,SOD、POD、CAT活性呈ABCD趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势,这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础,也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。