Aphid transmission of tobacco mosaic virus

Aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) can acquire tobacco mosaic virus from tobacco leaves coated with a virus suspension and inoculate it into healthy leaves. Transmission depends on virus concentration, period of acquisition, previous feeding history of the aphids, and time between acquisition and transmission feedings. Aphids whose stylets are cut do not transmit the virus.     

烟草漂浮苗烟草花叶病毒带毒率检测

为了培育无病毒壮苗,研究了烟草漂浮苗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的带毒率检测方法.结果表明:三抗体夹心法(TAS-ELISA)和试纸条的检测灵敏度分别为TMV病叶汁液10-6和10-4;苗期常用农药和消毒剂的药害不会引起TAS-ELISA和试纸条检测假阳性;TAS-ELISA和试纸条可检出烟苗无症带毒,在发现烟苗现症时,同盘烟苗带毒率高于发病率;在允许存在低漏检率的情况下,采用2株或3株苗样本混合检测可扩大检测覆盖面;烟苗带毒是大田普通花叶病毒病的一个主要但非惟一初侵染源.     

多糖对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的抑制作用研究

【目的】筛选对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)有良好抑制作用的多糖。【方法】采用半叶法,测定了云芝、金针菇、姬松、杏鲍菇、双孢蘑菇、灵芝、猪苓菌、蜜环菌、黑木耳、虫草、白桦茸和平菇等12种真菌多糖在枯斑三生烟(Nitcotiana tabacumvar.Samsun NN)上对TMV的抑制作用,并测定了其对烟草(普通烟NC-89)生长的影响。【结果】云芝多糖、猪苓菌多糖、虫草多糖和蜜环菌多糖对TMV均有较好的抑制效果,其中1g/L云芝多糖对TMV具有良好的预防作用,提前48h多糖处理的预防效果高达92.12%。云芝多糖对烟草具有促生作用,1g/L云芝多糖处理烟苗的地上部鲜质量和最大叶面积增效最为显著,分别较对照提高30.98%和19.74%。田间小区试验表明,经云芝多糖处理后,NC-89烟株健壮整齐,烟叶浓绿光滑,茎围、最顶部叶片面积、产量及上中等烟比例均有所增加,其中1g/L云芝多糖处理烟株的最顶部叶面积、茎围和上中等烟比例分别较对照增加13.51%,9.88%和17.20%。【结论】云芝多糖能有效抑制TMV,并可促进烟苗生长,提高烟叶产量及品质。     

烟草花叶病毒株系研究进展

烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus TMV)是烟草花叶病毒属病毒的典型成员,其寄主范围非常广泛,能侵染茄科、藜科、苋科、葫芦科、十字花科、番杏科、豆科和商陆科等共30科300多种植物[1]。在不同的寄主上,TMV有许多不同的株系,在我国主要有普通株、番茄株、车前株、豆类株、葫芦科株、兰花株和U2株等[2]。近十几年来,从不同寄主植物上不断分离鉴定到TMV的不同株系或分离物,在TMV不同株系的基因组序列分析和基因功能研究方面也取得了很大的进展,简述如下。1现已报道的TMV株系烟草花叶病毒株系的种类非常多,在同一寄主上可以有不同的…     

Growth in microculture of single tobacco cells infected with tobacco mosaic virus

Single tobacco callus cells with or without tobacco mosaic virus inclusion bodies from systemically infected Nicotiana tabacum plants were grown in microcultures. The culture medium consisted of mineral salts and sucrose; it also contained coconut milk. Out of 100 inclusion-bearing cells and 150 inclusion-free cells, 10 and 70 cultured cells divided; eventually 5 and 65 cells, respectively, formed single cell clones. The 5 clones derived from inclusion-bearing cells, and all but 3 of 40 clones from inclusion-free cells, showed virus inclusions in somne cells. The virus could not be detected in three inclusion-free clones by local lesion assay. The results suggest single-cell culture methods for differentiating virus-free plants from cells of pathogen-infected plants.     

烤烟新品系对烟草普通花叶病毒病的抗性鉴定研究

2003年至2005年对15个烤烟品系的烟草普通花叶病毒病TMV抗性进行鉴定,结果表明:抗病品系占33.33%,分别为8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05、云烟203;中抗品系占6.67%,只有9717;中感品系较多,占46.67%,分别为6614、8504、9601、CF209、CF964、CF986和云烟98;感病品系占13.33%,有RGH12和云烟97。对15个品系的病指进行方差分析,在1%水平上,8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05、云烟203与抗病对照Coker176无显著差异,9601、CF209、CF986、RGH12、CF964与感病对照K326无显著差异;在5%水平上,云烟97与感病对照K326无显著差异。研究筛选出8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05和云烟203 5个高抗品系,为烤烟TMV抗病育种提供了很好的材料。     

Interaction of attenuated and virulent tobacco mosaic virus strains

An interfering effect between an attenuated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strain (isolated from a tissue culture) and virulent (typical) strain of this virus distinctly manifests itself starting from an interval of 3 days between infection by these strains and reaches a maximum on the fifth day. The protective effect weakens with increasing interval between inoculation with the attenuated and virulent strains.     

不同品种(系)烟草普通花叶病(TMV)的抗病性鉴定

【目的】筛选地方性优质抗烟草普通花叶病(TMV)烟草种质,为湘中北烤烟抗TMV育种提供优良的种质资源。【方法】采用苗期温室病圃人工接种诱发方法结合大田病圃鉴定,以Coker176为抗病对照、革新3号为中抗对照、G140为感病对照,对9625、金星6007、小黄金0019、401-2、小黄金1025、NGLAUCA、延烟2号等18个烤烟品种(系)进行TMV抗病性鉴定。【结果】在供试品种(系)中,筛选出抗病品种(系)2个,分别为T61和9625,占供试品种(系)总数的11.1%;中抗品种5个,分别为金星6007、03-4-3、胎里黄1061、VESTA33和云烟98,占27.8%;感病品种(系)11个,分别为小黄金0019、401-2、311、小黄金1025、NGLAUCA、延烟2号、大白筋0522、沪金3号、大叶永烟、长脖黄和NC95,占61.1%。【结论】筛选出T61和9625两个抗TMV烤烟品种,可作为湘中北地区抗TMV育种的重要种质资源;同时可在湘中北地区进行T61和9625的示范性推广种植。     

The 30-kilodalton gene product of tobacco mosaic virus potentiates virus movement

The proposed role of the 30-kilodalton(kD) protein of tobacco mosaic virus is to facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus-during infection. To directly define the function of the protein, a chimeric gene containing a cloned complementary DNA of the 30-kD protein gene was introduced into tobacco cells via a Ti plasmid-mediated transformation system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants regenerated from transformed tobacco cells expressed the 30-kD protein messenger RNA and accumulated 30-kD protein. Seedlings expressing the 30-kD protein gene complemented the Lsl mutant of TMV, a mutant that is temperature-sensitive in cell-to-cell movement. In addition, enhanced movement of the Lsl virus at the permissive temperature was detected in seedlings that express the 30-kD protein gene. These results conclusively demonstrate that the 30-kD protein of tobacco mosaic virus potentiates the movement of the virus from cell to cell.     

Electric field x-ray scattering measurements on tobacco mosaic virus

The feasibility of electric field x-ray solution scattering with biological macromolecules was investigated. Electric field pulses (1.25 to 5.5 kilovolts per centimeter) were used to orient tobacco mosaic virus in solution (4.5 milligrams per milliliter). The x-ray scattering is characteristic of isolated oriented particles. The molecular orientation and its field-free decay were monitored with a time resolution of 2 milliseconds by means of synchrotron radiation and a multiwire proportional area detector. The method should also be applicable to synthetic polymers and inorganic colloids.     

磷锌营养对烤烟抗花叶病毒病的影响

采用盆栽和大田试验,通过测定烤烟中某些与抗逆性相关的酶和代谢物的变化,研究不同磷、锌施用量对烤烟花叶病毒病(TMV)抗性的影响.结果表明,降低磷肥用量或增施ZnSO4可增强烟株抗TMV能力,表现为PAL和PPO酶活性增加,脯氨酸和叶绿素含量升高,MDA含量和POD活性降低.增施ZnSO4可激活烟株的应激反应系统,提高烟株抗TMV的能力.     

几种病毒抑制剂控制烟草花叶病的试验效果

烟草花叶病(烟草普通花叶病TMV,烟草黄瓜花叶病CMV)是陕西烟区烟叶生产中危害最大的病害,发病烟田不仅造成产量的损失,而且使烟叶质量严重下降.近年来在陕西烟区常年流行发生,平均发病率为15%左右,重病田块达到100%,部分烟田绝收,为此作者对目前生产上应用的几种病毒抑制剂进行了田间药效对比试验.     

烟草蚀纹病毒对玉米矮花叶病防治效果的研究

为了研究烟草蚀纹病毒(Tobaccoetch virus,TEV)对玉米矮花叶病(病原为甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV))的预防效果,在防虫网室内,采用人工摩擦接种病毒的方法进行生物学试验,并用RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR技术对预防效果进行了检测。结果表明,经过TEV保护接种后再接种SCMV的植株长势明显优于只接种SCMV的植株,其叶长、叶宽和株高的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);在只接种SCMV全部发病10 d后,有13.8%经保护接种的植株叶片开始轻微褪绿,极大地延迟了花叶症状的发生;攻击接种50 d后,经TEV保护接种后再接种SCMV的玉米植株,体内SCMV CP基因表达量为只接种SCMV玉米的0.113 4倍。说明,SCMV能够有效地减轻玉米矮花叶病的发生及危害。     

几种药剂防治烟草花叶病毒病田间试验

2005~2006年在广西靖西县进行几种药剂防治烟草花叶病毒病田间对比试验,两年试验结果显示,第3次药后10d 4%嘧肽霉素250倍对烟草花叶病毒病的防效最好,两年的防效分别为58.54%和48.93%,与对照药剂2%菌克毒克250倍的防效相当;其他几种供试药剂对烟草花叶病毒病也有一定的防效,第3次药后10d的防效均在40%以上。田间试验结果表明,4%嘧肽霉素、2%菌克毒克、植物基因活化剂、比施壮和3.95%病毒必克Ⅱ号对烟草花叶病毒病均有较好的防治效果,均可作为防治烟草花叶病毒病的一项辅助措施在生产中轮换使用。