低豆粕日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验选用1 600只生产性能相同、体况良好的33周龄罗曼蛋种鸡,随机分为4组,在总蛋白质含量相同和满足必需氨基酸需要量的情况下,用价格较低的蛋白饲料取代蛋鸡日粮中豆粕,研究氨基酸平衡的低豆粕日粮对蛋种鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:氨基酸平衡的低豆粕日粮对蛋鸡产蛋率、种蛋合格率、健雏率、蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位等指标无显著影响(P>0.05),但当日粮中的豆粕含量降低8～15个百分点时,蛋种鸡的日平均蛋重、日采食量、受精率、孵化率等显著低于正常豆粕日粮(P<0.05),而考虑综合因素日粮中的豆粕含量降低8个百分点的第1组,与正常豆粕日粮相比,差异不显著(P>0.05),而且能降低饲料成本,可以提高蛋鸡养殖效益,具有实际意义。     

槲皮素对蛋鸡产蛋后期蛋品质的影响

选用体重和产蛋率相近的39周龄海赛白壳蛋鸡240只,随机分4组,每组6个重复,每重复10只鸡,分别在玉米-豆粕饲粮基础上添加0%、0.02%、0.04%、0.06%槲皮素饲喂蛋鸡,研究槲皮素对蛋品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同添加水平槲皮素对蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋清中蛋白质含量、蛋黄中粗脂肪含量及血清中胆固醇和血磷含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);0.04%和0.06%槲皮素组蛋壳厚度(P<0.01)、哈氏单位(P<0.01)、蛋黄总磷脂(P<0.01)及血清中总蛋白(P<0.05)和血钙(P<0.05)含量均显著提高;不同添加水平槲皮素对蛋黄颜色影响均极显著(P<0.01);0.04%槲皮素组蛋黄中蛋白质含量显著提高(P<0.05);0.06%槲皮素组蛋黄中胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),但与其他两个添加水平组无显著差异(P>0.05);0.06%槲皮素组血清中尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05);0.04%槲皮素组血清中尿酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,槲皮素可有效改善蛋鸡产蛋后期的蛋品质,其最适添加水平为0.04%。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

本试验主要研究的是在日粮中添加一种新开发的巨大芽孢杆菌制剂（BM1259制剂）后测定其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选择同日龄、同批次、生产性能相近的罗曼蛋鸡6986只分为2组．分两栋结构大小完全一致的鸡舍饲养．以基础日粮和正常饮水为对照组,以每吨日粮中添加400gBM1259制剂为试验组。对照组3504只鸡,试验组3482只鸡。结果表明：（1）添加BM1259制剂能够提高产蛋鸡的产蛋率,比对照组提高了3．48％（P〈0．05）：（2）试验组平均蛋重比对照组降低了0．10％。但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

绿色中药添加剂"禽蛋多"对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质影响的研究

在日粮中添加不同比例的中草药饲料添加剂。研究其对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质指标的影响．并对其机理作初步探讨；确定中草药添加剂“禽蛋多”在生产中适宜的添加量，为其应用提供理论和实际依据。试验证明，添加不同比例“禽蛋多”对蛋鸡的生产性能有不同程度的改善．产蛋率比对照组分别提高了2．91％-4．89％．产蛋量分别提高了4．22％～9．57％．试验组与对照组之间差异极显著（P〈0．01），采食量变化不显著，料蛋比呈降低趋势，蛋黄中胆同醇的含量随着添加比例的增加呈现降低趋势．经济效益提高幅度十分显著。     

酵母细胞壁对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用181日龄海兰灰产蛋鸡576只,随机分为6个处理,设对照基础日粮组,抗生素组基础日粮+500mg/kg10%杆菌肽锌组,4个酵母细胞壁组(在基日粮中分别添加500、1000、1500、2000mg/kg酵母细胞壁),每个处理6个重复,试验期56d,以研究酵母细胞壁对产蛋鸡生产性能指标的影响。结果显示,产蛋鸡日粮中添加1500mg/kg酵母细胞壁的处理组,产蛋率显著高于对照组和500、1000mg/kg酵母细胞壁处理组(P0.05),蛋重显著高于杆菌肽锌处理组,日产蛋量显著高于对照组(P0.05),料蛋比6个处理均没有显著的差异,但以1500mg/kg为最佳。通过本试验可以得出:产蛋鸡日粮添加酵母细胞壁能改善产蛋鸡的生产性能。     

日粮中添加女贞子粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

选择150只49周龄、平均体重(1.99±0.17)kg的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、试验组Ⅰ(基础日粮+0.5%女贞子粉)、试验组Ⅱ(基础日粮+1%女贞子粉)。每组设5个重复,每个重复10只蛋鸡,试验期为8周,研究了女贞子粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ产蛋率分别提高了4.86%和11.75%(P0.05)。试验组Ⅰ蛋黄颜色显著高于对照组9.60%(P0.05)。日粮中添加女贞子粉可以提高蛋鸡产蛋率,改善蛋黄颜色,进而提高蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质。     

日粮维生素水平对生长期蛋鸡影响的研究

选用4因素3水平正交试验设计，研究日粮维生素A、D3、E对生长期蛋鸡的影响。结果如下：6周末体重随VE水平的提高而提高，但差异不显著。14周末体重受VE的显著影响。高水平（100mg／kg）组显著大于低水平（10mg／kg）组与中水平（40mg／kg）组（P＜0．01），中、低水平之间差异不显著。血清新城疫抗体效价随VA水平的提高而显著提高（P＜0．05）。高水平VA和高水平VE组合组显著高于其它组（P＜0．05）。胫骨中的钙含量随VA水平的提高显著提高（P＜0．01）。VD3对体重、抗体滴度和胫骨Ca含量无显著影响。     

不同锌源对绿壳蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋黄锌含量的影响

选取180只东乡黑羽绿壳蛋鸡随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B组、C组分别在基础日粮基础上添加120 mg/kg的羟基蛋氨酸锌和碱式氯化锌(按锌含量计)。预试期7 d、正式期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加羟基蛋氨酸锌可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P<0.05);碱式氯化锌可极显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P<0.01),显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);试验各组的蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数、蛋形指数、哈氏单位差异均不显著;两种锌源均可极显著提高蛋黄中锌含量,试验第28天时,分别较对照组提高32.8%和32.3%(P<0.01)。由此可见,日粮中添加羟基蛋氨酸锌和碱式氯化锌均能改善蛋鸡生产性能,提高鸡蛋中锌含量,综合比较,添加碱式氯化锌效果更好。     

Effects of dietary copper on production and egg cholesterol content in laying hens

1. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of diets supplemented with different amounts of copper on egg production, food intake, food conversion ratio, egg weight, damaged egg ratio, specific gravity, mortality and cholesterol concentration in yolk. The experiment lasted 90 d and 400 Hisex-Brown hens, aged 27 weeks at the start of the study, were used. 2. There were no statistically significant effects of supplementary copper on egg production, food intake or food conversion efficiency. 3. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of damaged eggs, egg weight, specific gravity and live weight. 4. At the end of the experiment, the lowest yolk cholesterol concentrations were obtained in the 150 kg/kg copper group and the greatest concentrations were in the control group. 5. Consequently, the use of supplementary copper to provide 150 kg/kg in poultry diets was concluded to decrease yolk cholesterol concentrations without any effect on production performance.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对热应激蛋鸡生产指标及抗氧化指标的影响

为了探索N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对热应激蛋鸡生产性能的影响及可能机制,选择产蛋率、体重相近的38周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡144只随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只,分为常温对照组(NC,基础日粮)、高温对照组(HC,基础日粮)、高剂量NAC添加组(HNAC,基础日粮+0.5%NAC)和低剂量NAC添加组(LNAC,基础日粮+0.1%NAC),对照组在室温环境饲养,3个试验组在高温环境饲养,饲养28 d并比较海兰蛋鸡生产指标、鸡蛋品质及血清抗氧化能力。结果显示:与HC组比较,日粮中添加0.5%NAC能够显著提高产蛋率,降低料蛋比,提高鸡蛋的哈夫单位(P0.05);日粮中添加0.1%NAC能够显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和哈夫单位(P0.05),但对料蛋比无显著影响(P0.05);NAC的添加对热应激蛋鸡日采食量、平均蛋重及蛋黄颜色无显著影响(P0.05)。结果表明:日粮中添加一定剂量NAC有利于提高蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质。     

芽孢杆菌蛋白酶复合制剂对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌蛋白酶复合生物制剂对产蛋后期罗曼蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。试验选取360羽60周龄左右体况基本一致的罗曼蛋鸡,随机分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加芽孢杆菌蛋白酶制剂。试验分为两个阶段,1～14 d为前阶段,15～28 d为后阶段。结果表明:在前阶段和后阶段蛋鸡生产性能中,芽孢杆菌酶制剂试验组相比对照组罗曼蛋鸡产蛋率和平均日产蛋量均有所提高(P>0.05),料蛋比有所下降(P>0.05);在全阶段蛋鸡生产性能中,芽孢杆菌蛋白酶制剂试验组相比对照组罗曼蛋鸡平均日采食量有升高的趋势(P=0.09);试验组鸡蛋蛋壳强度相比对照组有提高的趋势(P=0.07),且蛋黄颜色、蛋黄重量和哈氏单位相比对照组均有所提高(P>0.05)。由此可知,芽孢杆菌蛋白酶制剂可以提高产蛋后期罗曼蛋鸡生产性能,同时改善了鸡蛋蛋品质。     

Sand intake by laying hens and its effect on egg production parameters

Soil intake may be the most prominent source of environmental contaminants for free range and organic hens, but there are no quantitative data concerning soil intake by domestic hens. Consumption of soil of 14–32 g a day can be estimated from literature, but such a dilution of nutrient intake seems incompatible with high productivity. In this study laying hens were fed pelleted diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 30% of sand addition to determine its effect on productivity. Feed intake, feed and nutrient (feed minus sand) conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight and body weight gain were measured over a 4-week period. Acid insoluble ash concentration in the faeces was measured to determine the accuracy of estimating the soil ingestion by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife as a way to determine soil ingestion of free range and organic hens under practical circumstances. The hens were able to compensate the dilution of the diet with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand by increasing their feed intake. Feed intake increased significantly and feed to egg conversion ratio decreased significantly with increasing sand levels in the diet. The nutrient to egg conversion ratio of the diet without sand tended to be worse than for the diets with sand, presumably due to the total absence of coarse material in the diet. There were no differences in egg production and egg weight between hens fed the different diets but body weight gain was significantly lower for the hens fed the diets with 20%, 25% and 30% of sand. Estimation of sand ingestion was done by the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife. Provided that the actual dry matter digestibility coefficient of the nutrient part of the diet is taken into account, estimating the soil ingestion according to the soil-ingestion equation for wildlife seems an appropriate way to determine soil ingestion for free range and organic hens under practical circumstances.     

Effects of nanocalcium carbonate on egg production performance and plasma calcium of laying hens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nanocalcium carbonate (NCC) instead of calcium carbonate (CC) on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, FCR, blood calcium and egg quality characteristics in laying hens. A total of 120 laying hens were used in a 10‐weeks trial, from week 23 to 33 of age. Laying hens were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replications, five hens each. The experimental treatments involved replacing 50% of the CC in the diet by decreasing amounts of NCC and were T1 Basal diet (BD) with 8.06% CC; T2 (6.045% of CC as a negative control); T3 (4.03% of CC replaced by 2.015% NCC); T4 (4.03% of CC replaced by 1.01% NCC); T5 (4.03% of CC replaced by 0.252% NCC) and T6 (4.03 of CC replaced with 0.126%NCC).Egg weight was unaffected by dietary treatments (p > .05). However, the egg production percentage and egg mass in T6 were less than that of other treatments (p < .05). The laying hens in the control group had the best average feed conversion ratio (p < .05). Also, the lowest concentration of calcium in hens’ blood was recorded for birds fed T6 (p < .05). The best egg shell quality (relative egg shell weight and egg shell weight/surface) was observed in T1 (p < .05).Collectively, our results demonstrated that NCC could replace CC at a lower inclusion level but extreme reduction of calcium concentration in diets (to 1.43% Ca in the T6 group) reduced production performance, egg quality characteristics, Tibia thickness and blood calcium of laying hens.     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

黄豆皮替代部分日粮玉米对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

用黄豆皮替代基础日粮中的部分玉米研究其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选取24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡150只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂黄豆皮替代基础日粮中5%、10%、15%和20%玉米的试验日粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期28 d。结果表明:黄豆皮替代部分玉米提高平均日采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率和料蛋比(P0.05),且以替代10%的玉米效果最佳。     

棉粕源复合发酵饲料对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1 152只50周龄左右的海兰褐健康蛋鸡随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复96只鸡,研究棉粕源发酵饲料对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响。第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮营养水平基本一致的基础上分别添加5%、10%、15%的棉粕源发酵饲料。结果表明:试验第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与第Ⅰ组相比产蛋率均有所提高,其中第Ⅲ组产蛋率最高;平均蛋重、产蛋量、料蛋比均高于对照组但均未达到差异显著水平(P0.05);采食量试验组分别比对照组提高了1.77%(P0.01)、8.83%(P0.01)、8.80%(P0.01);腹泻率、死淘率试验组与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,在蛋鸡日粮中用发酵棉粕代替豆粕,可提高饲料利用率及经济效益,以添加10%的效果最佳。     

能量水平对粉壳蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质量的影响

为研究不同能量水平对产蛋性能和蛋品质量的影响,试验选用504只194日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡,试验共设3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复33～35只,分别饲喂三个能量水平(10.88、11.09、11.30 MJ/kg)的日粮。试验共进行30 d。试验结果表明,各处理组在采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位等方面差异不显著;表明能量水平在50～100 kcal/kg范围内波动,对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质量未产生显著影响。     

乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

本试验旨在研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到4个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。基础饲粮采用为玉米－豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg－水硫酸锌（以锌计）,处理2饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理3饲喂基础饲粮＋40mg／kg乳酸锌（以锌计）,处理4饲喂基础饲粮＋60mg／kg锌（－水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半）。试验结果表明,在产蛋鸡饲粮中100％以乳酸锌替代硫酸锌（提供的锌含量为60mg／kg）,能显著降低平均破蛋率,提高平均蛋壳强度和平均蛋壳厚度（P〈0．05）,死亡率最低,对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响（P〉0．05）。     

新型酿酒酵母培养物对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品风味特征的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加新型酿酒酵母培养物对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品风味特征的影响。选取900只180日龄的罗曼粉蛋鸡,随机分成三组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只鸡,分别饲喂3种不同的日粮:Ⅰ为对照组基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加2%、4%新型酿酒酵母培养物的日粮,试验周期为15周。结果表明:与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组平均蛋重均显著增加(P<0.05),死淘率均极显著降低(P<0.01),Ⅲ组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);应用电子舌和电子鼻现代电子感官系统分别检测两组鸡蛋的滋味特征及气味特征,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组熟蛋黄和熟蛋清苦味回味均极显著降低(P<0.01),Ⅲ组熟蛋黄鲜味丰富度显著增加(P<0.05),熟蛋清鲜味丰富度极显著增加(P<0.01);熟蛋黄气味特征变化不明显,但Ⅲ组熟蛋清气味特征发生显著变化。因此,日粮中添加4%的新型酿酒酵母培养物可提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品风味特征。     

Effects of dietary boron supplementation on laying hens

1. The effects of dietary boron on egg production and on the ultimate shear force, stress, and fracture energy of the tibia, femur, humerus, and radius from White Leghorn laying hens were investigated.

2. The shear force, stress, and fracture energy of the bones were not affected by increasing dietary concentrations of boron.

3. Egg production, food consumption and body weight were suppressed at a dietary boron concentration of 400 mg/kg.

4. Boron concentrations increased significantly in all tissue samples tested in birds given 400 mg/kg dietary boron.