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用脂肪酸成分和碳同位素比率分析检出掺伪芝麻油刘平来用脂肪酸成分和碳同位素比率分析检出芝麻油中接合的其它植物油。芝麻油中的脂肪酸中亚油酸含量区别于菜籽油和大豆油，芝麻油中的脂肪酸含量明显不同于其它植物油（除玉米油外）。米糠油中的棕相酸含量不同于芝麻油。结果表明，通过比较芝麻油与其色植物油中的脂肪酸比例（除五米油外），可以鉴定出掺伪芝麻油。但对芝麻油与玉米油的混合油，须通过比较两种油中的碳同位素比率进行测定。译自FSTAVol.27，1995单粒层湿稻谷的干燥特性和热量计算文昌贵日本在对太阳直照干燥湿稻谷的研究…     

应用气相色谱法对63种市售散装植物油全脂肪酸组成的分析研究

采用气相色谱法对63个市售散装植物油样本进行全脂肪酸组成分析，结果发现除花生油和玉米油全部合格外，其余植物油质量水平普遍较低，大豆油合格率为55.6%，芝麻油合格率为52.6%，棉籽油合格率为16.7%，葵花籽油合格率为33.3%。分析原因发现，大豆油产品的不合格主要是油脂氧化造成的，芝麻油、葵花籽油的不合格主要由掺假造成，棉籽油的不合格可能是由于精炼工艺不达标造成的。     

不同加工处理方式对芝麻油风味的影响研究

以传统作坊式水代法芝麻油、传统作坊式压榨芝麻油、商品芝麻油为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC/MS）和聚类分析对不同芝麻油挥发性化合物进行了检测和系统对比。结果表明：通过聚类分析,发现水代芝麻油和商品芝麻油的挥发性化合物组成相似程度更高;此外,芝麻油中吡嗪类化合物、含硫杂环化合物和苯系物因不同加工处理方式的差异显示出较大变化,其中3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、4-甲基噻唑、愈创木酚等可作为区别三种芝麻油的关键风味物质。     

番茄少量种子脂肪酸组成含量分析方法研究

提取番茄种子粗脂肪,用KOH-甲醇溶液对脂肪酸进行甲酯化,以37种脂肪酸甲酯标品为对照,采用气相色谱分析测定其脂肪酸组成及含量,建立一种快速的少量番茄种子的脂肪酸检测方法。结果表明:番茄种子样品4 mg,采用异辛烷2 mL提取5 min,2 mol/L甲醇钠酯化5 min后即可进行脂肪酸组成含量分析,使以往需要用几个小时的工作在20 min内完成,大大缩短了分析时间。番茄种子脂肪酸组成含量分析结果不受样品量、粗脂肪提取时间和脂肪酸甲酯化时间影响。通过与传统方法(GB/T 5009.6-2003,GB/T 17376-2008 5酯交换法)比较,脂肪酸相对百分含量无明显差异,该方法准确可行。     

茄子种子中脂肪酸成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

利用索氏提取法对产于辽宁地区的紫茄子种子中的脂肪酸成分进行了提取,用氢氧化钾-甲醇法和浓硫酸-甲醇法两种不同的方法甲酯化后,通过气相色谱-质谱法对样品中的组成和含量进行了检测。实验结果表明,两种甲酯化方法得到的脂肪酸成分基本相同,但含量有些差异。两种酯化方法得到的脂肪酸主要有8,11-十八碳二烯酸、十六酸(棕榈酸)、硬脂酸,含量分别为29.87%~62.60%、12.83%~16.19%和5.17%~7.17%。氢氧化钾-甲醇法比浓硫酸-甲醇法更加适合辽宁茄子种子样品中脂肪酸的甲酯化。     

牡丹和芍药花瓣中高级脂肪酸组分及含量的测定

为探讨牡丹和芍药花瓣的脂肪酸含量及组成,以对其进行开发利用。采用脂肪酸甲酯化的方法获得油样，用气相色谱法对牡丹和芍药花瓣中的脂肪酸组成进行定性和定量测定，并分析了牡丹和芍药不同时期花瓣中脂肪酸组分和含量的变化。结果显示，牡丹和芍药花瓣中高级脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等。     

菜籽油中掺棉籽油的甄别

研究不同比例菜籽油和棉籽油样品的脂肪酸组成,为食用油的掺假甄别提供参考.利用甲酯标样定性、面积归一法定量,根据一些特定脂肪酸含量与棉籽油添加比例的相关性方程,判定菜籽油中所掺棉籽油比例,准确率在95％以上.     

月见草油中各成分分析

通过试验对月见草油进行脂肪酸组成成分分析。结果表明,月见草油中主要脂肪酸为硬脂酸(1.12%)、油酸(2.64%)、亚油酸(17.70%)、亚麻酸(68.95%)和花生酸(6.41%)。月见草油中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达89.29%,适合作为营养保健油品。     

稻谷脂肪酸值测定条件优化与比较的研究

研究了提取时问、振荡速率、过滤分离与离心分离等对稻谷脂肪酸测定结果的影响.并对人工滴定法和仪器法测定脂肪酸值进行了比较.结果表明:提取时间对脂肪酸提取率的影响较小,提取时间10 min即可较完全提取样品脂肪酸;随着振荡速率增加,脂肪酸提取率提高,当振荡速率达到125 r/min以上时,样品中的脂肪酸基本提取完全;手工过滤和离心分离制备提取液,测定结果无显著性差异;仪器法测定结果的精密度高于手工滴定法.     

不同提取方法对牛乳脂肪分析的影响

分别采用石油醚-乙醚溶剂系统和氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统,并结合冻干后提取和液液萃取等方法,对牛乳乳脂的总脂肪酸和乳脂脂肪sn-2脂肪酸的组成进行分析。结果表明,在分析乳脂的脂肪酸组成方面,氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统比石油醚-乙醚溶剂系统具有更好的提取效果,尤其对于长链脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸;液液萃取比冻干后提取具有更好的平行性和稳定性。     

Pure line selection for improved yield, oil content and different fatty acid composition of sesame, Sesamum indicum

The aims of this study were estimation of the variability of seed yield, oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content in single plant progenies and lines derived from Turkish sesame populations, and the improvement of different type lines with regard to high seed yield, high oil content and specific fatty acid composition. Different types of lines were developed—i.e. lines which yielded over 1000 kg seeds/ha from the yield type progenies and lines which yielded over 63% of oil content from oil type progenies—but it was not possible to improve lines where fatty acid composition differed dramatically from that of oleic and linoleic type progenies.     

花生油掺伪棉籽油的检验鉴别

采用碱式甲酯化方法制备脂肪酸甲酯,用气相色谱方法分析、测定纯花生油、纯棉籽油和不同浓度模拟掺伪花生油的脂肪酸组成与含量。结果表明,不同浓度的棉籽油掺入纯花生油后,原有脂肪酸组分随掺入油种脂肪酸的含量而发生变化,以山嵛酸甲酯含量的变化趋势,能较准确地测定掺伪棉籽油的量。     

气相色谱法鉴别橄榄油掺伪的研究

应用气相色谱法分析测定橄榄油的脂肪酸组成,揭示橄榄油脂肪酸特征,并研究其掺入菜籽油、花生油、大豆油或精炼橄榄油时脂肪酸的变化规律,为橄榄油的掺伪鉴别提供参考依据。     

Plant position effect on seed weight,oil content,and oil composition in sesame

Summary Within-plant variation was studied in seed samples of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Central and lateral capsules were sampled in three entries. Three capsule postions-basal (nodes 16 to 20), intermediate (nodes 21 to 25), and apical (nodes 26 to 30)-were sampled in four other entries. Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas liquid chromatography were used to characterize within-and among-plants variation in the same genotype for oil content and its fatty acid composition, respectively.Central capsules had heavier seeds, and their oil had more palmitic and oleic acids than had seeds from the two lateral capsules. However, central capsules had seeds with less oil content, and the oil had less stearic, linoleic, and arachidic acids than seeds from lateral capsules. Seed weight and arachidic acid were found to be constant in seeds from capsules located at different nodes along the plant. Oil content had a significant variation with capsule position along the plant in only one entry. Percentages of palmitic and linoleic acids were lower, and those of stearic, oleic, and linolenic acids were higher in seeds from the apical capsules. In almost all cases, capsules located in the intermediate and basal sections had a similar oil composition. However, there was a lack of consistency in the within-plant variation from plant to plant for the different traits studied. It was concluded that within-plant variation need be taken into account only if the experiment was set up to detect small differences between treatments. Among-plants variation was found to be influenced by plant genotype.     

芝麻种质营养品质研究

对410份芝麻种质分析表明,脂肪平均含量为53.13％,变异系数为3.53％,蛋白质平均含量为26.39％,变异系数为7.03％,并建立了二者的回归方程。分析出脂肪中有6种脂肪酸,其中油酸、亚油酸含量总和在80％以上。脂肪酸组分对脂肪含量的通径分析表明,油酸和亚油酸的直接效应分别为0.6907和0.9322。筛选出19个脂肪含量高达56％以上,同时又具有蛋白质、油酸、亚油酸优质性状的品种。探讨了粒色与营养品质的关系,表明脂肪含量随着粒色加深而下降,显示出芝麻品种的粒色演进为黑粒——褐粒——黄粒——白粒。     

响应面法优化提取糜子油

为了确定糜子油的最优提取工艺,并对其脂肪酸成分进行分析,在单因素实验基础上,以糜子油得率作为响应目标,通过中心复合设计进行优化,确定索氏提取法提取糜子油的最佳条件。利用气质联用仪对糜子脂肪酸成分检测。结果表明,提取溶剂石油醚,液料比为20:1,提取温度80℃,淋洗时间30 min 时提取条件为最佳,最佳得率为4.51%。对糜子油进行甲酯化后经气相色谱质谱仪分析,得到其主要脂肪酸为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸等,主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。     

HACCP体系在压榨法芝麻香油加工中的应用

对HACCP体系在压榨法芝麻香油生产加工中的应用进行了研究。通过危害分析,确定了原料验收、炒籽、压榨、成品油、灌装5个关键控制点,制订了相应的HACCP计划表,为芝麻香油的安全生产提供借鉴和参考。     

窝肥配施有机物料对烤烟产量质量的影响?

在豫东烟区研究了烟田配施有机窝肥对烤烟生长发育及产量质量的影响。结果表明,经处理的油料籽粒和食用油有利于烟株根系生长,提高烟叶产量,增加产值。其中施用芝麻对改善烟叶外观质量,协调烟叶化学成分和提高产投比的作用明显;施用豆浆和食用油对提高烟叶产量,增加烟叶油分的作用明显。     

Estimating the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid method to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed samples of rapeseed. A total of 549 samples (3 g intact seed) from selected mutant and breeding lines were scanned by NIRS, and 220 of them were selected and scanned again by using two different adapters, which reduced the sample size to 300 and 60 mg, respectively. Selected samples were analysed by gas liquid chromatography and calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed. Calibrations for oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acid were highly accurate, with values of r² in cross validation from 0.95 to 0.98 (samples of 3 g), from 0.93 to 0.97 (300 mg), and from 0.84 to 0.96 (60 mg). Calibrations for palmitic and stearic acid were less accurate, with values of r² in cross validation always lower than 0.8, probably because of the narrow range available for these fatty acids. The accuracy of the calibration equations for eicosenoic acid was very low (r² = 0.69 in 3 g samples), although improved equations were developed (r² from 0.78 to 0.91) when the relationship between erucic and eicosenoic acid was taken into account. We conclude that NIRS is a powerful technique to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in rapeseed, provided that samples covering a wide range of fatty acid levels are available, with the advantage that such estimation is possible with few additional costs when NIRS is used for the determination of other seed quality traits. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.