伪狂犬病病毒感染后引起信号转导通路变化的研究进展

正伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)是伪狂犬病(PR)的病原,属于疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)、α-疱疹病毒亚科、水痘-带状病毒属,是一种线状双股DNA病毒~([1])。该病毒可以感染多种哺乳动物,人对PRV不易感,但近期报道有人疑似感染PRV的病例出现~([2])。猪是PRV的储存宿主,同时也是伪狂犬病     

应用PCR技术检测伪狂犬病病毒

根据伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的gE基因序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以闽A株DNA为模板,建立了检测PRV的PCR方法。该方法能从猪细小病毒闽A株和FB株中扩增出一条长度为1 808 bp的片段,对Bartha株、gE-株检测为阴性;而以猪圆环病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒和正常细胞的核酸为模板的均为阴性;敏感性试验表明,该体系可检测到10pg的猪细小病毒基因组DNA。表明该方法适用于检测猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒株或非gE基因缺失弱毒株。     

表达PEDV中国变异株S基因重组猪伪狂犬病病毒的构建和纯化

为了研制出能够同时预防猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)和猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)感染的二联活疫苗,本研究将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和PEDV中国变异株的纤突蛋白免疫决定簇区域(S1)基因分别克隆至含有PRV胸苷激酶(TK)基因上、下游同源臂的穿梭载体pTK中,构建重组PRV转移质粒pTK-EGFP和pTK-S1。将重组质粒pTK-EGFP与PRV疫苗毒株Bartha-K61基因组DNA共转染Vero细胞,经绿色荧光蚀斑纯化得到重组病毒rPRV-EGFP。随后将重组质粒pTK-S1与rPRV-EGFP基因组DNA共转染Vero细胞,通过反向筛选EGFP阴性蚀斑,蚀斑纯化得到表达PEDV S蛋白的重组伪狂犬病病毒rPRV-S1。本研究将为更有效防控猪伪狂犬病和猪流行性腹泻提供辅助工具。     

表达口蹄疫病毒P1基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒TK/gG-/PgG-P1的构建

为了构建口蹄疫与伪狂犬病二价基因工程疫苗株 ,将口蹄疫病毒 (FMDV) P1基因插入到伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV)通用载体 p Pg G- uni中 ,得到 PRV转移载体 p Pg G- P1。将转移载体与 Eco R 线性化后的 PRV弱毒疫苗株 TK- /g G- / lac Z 基因组 DNA共转染 PK- 15细胞 ,转染产物经多次空斑纯化和 PCR鉴定 ,获得了纯化的重组 PRV TK- /g G- / Pg G- P1,重组病毒基因组 DNA经酶切鉴定进一步表明 ,FMDV的 P1基因已成功地整合到 PRV弱毒疫苗株的基因组中。Western blot试验表明 ,FMDV P1基因在重组 PRV中得到表达。该研究为进一步研制口蹄疫与伪狂犬病二价基因工程疫苗奠定了坚实的基础     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与控制

正1伪狂犬病的病原学及流行病学(1)伪狂犬病的病原学。伪狂犬病又称Aujeszky氏病,是一种急性高度接触性传染病。目前,PR已经被我国列为2类传染病。PR的致病病毒为猪疱疹病毒I型伪狂犬病病毒(PRV),该病毒属于疱疹病毒,是一个封闭的核衣壳,属于双股DNA病毒,有囊膜。PRV感染的发生与该病毒的囊膜有着直接的关系,而     

急性感染期猪伪狂犬病病毒部分基因组染色质状态

为探究急性感染期猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)在宿主细胞内基因组染色质的状态,首先建立PRV实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法并测定0.1 MOI PRV感染Neuro-2a细胞后病毒基因组的复制动态,然后收集PRV感染Neuro-2a细胞的样品进行染色质免疫共沉淀试验(CHIP),并通过qPCR测定病毒部分DNA与组蛋白H3结合形成的染色质状态。结果显示,PRV急性感染Neuro-2a细胞后,部分基因组以染色质结构存在,并与病毒复制有一定相关性。本研究成功建立用于研究PRV基因组染色质状态的CHIP试验方法,为PRV急性感染期表观遗传学研究提供依据。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测伪狂犬病病毒方法的建立与初步应用

根据GenBank中猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE基因的序列(EF552427),利用Premier express设计并合成1对引物和相应的TaqMan探针,从猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染的细胞中提取DNA,进行PCR扩增.将鉴定正确的gE基因片段克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109,经PCR及测序鉴定后得到阳性重组质粒.以该阳性重组质粒为荧光定量PCR标准品模板建立标准曲线.对探针浓度、引物浓度、镁离子浓度和退火温度进行优化,建立了最佳的荧光定量PCR反应体系和扩增程序.经临床应用表明,该荧光定量PCR方法的建立为猪伪狂犬病病毒的早期诊断并定量分析猪伪狂犬病病毒感染程度奠定了基础.     

潍坊某猪场一起伪狂犬病的诊治

2014年9月山东潍坊某猪场发生疑似猪伪狂犬病疫情,采集病死仔猪的脑组织等,利用Vero细胞做病毒分离,并设计一对伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)g E基因片段的特异性引物对分离病毒进行PCR鉴定及家兔接种试验。结果表明:脑组织上清液接种Vero细胞后有典型的细胞病变;PCR扩增产物电泳后显示出990bp长的目的片段,目的片段基因序列与6株PRV毒株的g E基因序列核苷酸同源性在97.7%~100%之间,证实该病毒为PRV;分离病毒接种家兔出现典型的伪狂犬病症状。临床诊断结合实验室鉴定以及动物接种试验,确诊该病例为猪伪狂犬病。     

西藏林芝地区1例牛伪狂犬病的诊断

主要对西藏林芝地区某牛场不明原因牛猝死进行研究。通过病死牛病料组织触片镜检和分离培养皆未发现细菌;乳胶凝集试验检查血清为伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)抗体阳性;以脑组织制备DNA模板进行PCR,扩增到特异性的PRV DNA片段;对健康成年兔接种病牛脑、肺等病料,表现典型的伪狂犬病症状。综合流行病学、细菌学、血清学、分子生物学和动物试验结果,确诊为牛伪狂犬病。     

猪伪狂犬病PCR诊断方法的建立

根据伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gB基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以闽A株细胞培养毒为模板,筛选最佳反应条件,建立了检测PRV的PCR方法,应用本方法对分离的病毒进行基因扩增,获得了217bp的特异性DNA片段,证明了对分离病毒检测的特异性和敏感性,为伪狂犬病的快速诊断提供了条件。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒GXBB株的分离鉴定及gE基因的克隆分析

从广西玉林博白某猪场采集的发病仔猪大脑和内脏病料中分离到一株病毒。病毒接种家兔后引起典型的奇痒、神经症状,接种PK-15细胞出现典型的细胞病变,病毒效价（TCID₅₀）为10^-7.22/0.1 ml。设计扩增PRV gE胞外区基因的引物,能扩增出约947 bp的特异性片段,将扩增出的目的片段进行克隆、测序,并与国内外不同PRV毒株进行分析比较,发现该毒株与国内MinA株、Ea株、SH株、LA株、GXB株、GXW株核苷酸同源性在98.7%～99.4%之间,氨基酸同源性在98.1%～99.1%之间,上述结果证实该分离毒株为伪狂犬病病毒,命名为GXBB株。GXBB株与国内流行毒株同源性很高,说明目前广西PRV流行株变异不大。这为下一步广西伪狂犬病的预防和净化工作提供科学的理论基础。     

Rapid detection of pseudorabies virus genomic sequences in biological samples from infected pigs using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification

The presence of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome in infected hosts has previously been studied by standard hybridization techniques, which showed the viral genome to be present at very low levels in infected tissues. The recently introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure provides an alternative and rapid means of amplifying small quantities of specific DNA sequences. We applied this technique to a study of pigs infected by PRV. The sequence selected for amplification consisted of 222 base pairs lying in the gene coding for the glycoprotein gp50. We used a pair of 20-mer oligonucleotides flanking this sequence as primer and a cloned Stu-Nde fragment containing the sequence as target DNA. To avoid the tedious DNA extraction procedure we performed PCR directly on disrupted cells and detected specific amplification after 25 cycles of PCR with the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase. Amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis directly. Nasal samples from experimentally and naturally infected pigs were tested by this PCR technique. When compared with tissue culture and serological tests, detection by gel electrophoresis of PCR amplified fragments provided excellent specificity and sensitivity. We concluded that PCR amplification will be a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of PRV infection in pigs, taking less than 1 h to complete.     

伪狂犬病病毒Ra株体外感染ST细胞超微结构的研究

本研究以伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus, PRV)Ra株体外感染ST细胞为生物模型,通过透射电镜对PRV的增殖规律和致细胞病变的显微结构进行观察。结果显示,PRV能诱导ST细胞发生明显病变,细胞的病变程度与PRV感染时间密切相关。PRV Ra株感染ST细胞,病毒吸附于ST细胞表面,以膜融合内陷的方式进入细胞和细胞核内,在细胞核内复制,出现包涵体结构,以出芽方式离开细胞核,在高尔基体等细胞内膜结构处完成病毒粒子的囊膜化过程。感染前期,病毒通过膜融合方式被释放到细胞外,完成细胞间病毒的传播;感染后期,细胞溶解,大量释放病毒粒子。感染细胞超微结构的变化主要体现为:线粒体肿胀、数目减少,嵴面积减少,核内出现包涵体,细胞融合,细胞内空泡化严重,溶细胞现象。     

Identification of the cross-reactive antigens between Marek's disease virus and pseudorabies virus by monoclonal antibodies

Among the 33 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against pseudorabies virus (PRV) examined, three MAbs (24-17, 74-26, and 8) were found to react with cells infected with Marek's disease virus (MDV)-related viruses by immunofluorescence test. Two of the MAbs (24-17 and 74-26) reacted with the nuclei of cells infected with MDV serotype 1 (MDV1), MDV serotype 2 (MDV2), and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), whereas MAb 8 reacted with the cytoplasm of MDV2- and HVT-infected cells. However, none of the MAbs against MDV1, MDV2, and HVT that were examined reacted with PRV-infected cells. None of these three MAbs against PRV reactive with MDV-related viruses cross-reacted with the cells infected with other herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, or human herpesvirus 6. Southern-blot hybridization under stringent or less-stringent conditions showed that no significant DNA homology was detected between PRV DNA and MDV DNA.     

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of pseudorabies virus DNA from acutely and latently infected cells

A characteristic of alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PRV), is that the acute phase of the disease is followed by lifelong latency. Latently infected animals are asymptomatic but can transmit reactivated virus. Corticosteroid administration, tissue explanation, blot- and in situ hybridizations have been used to demonstrate the presence of latent PRV infections. The use of blot hybridization as a convenient method for defining the incidence of PRV infections in swine herds has been hampered by the detection limit of this method. The objective of this study was to increase this sensitivity of blot hybridization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of target sequences. Two sets of 20-mer primers were synthesized and used to amplify gX and gII glycoprotein gene sequences in two different strains of PRV. The specificity of the amplification was verified by Southern blot hybridization and restriction endonuclease analysis of the amplified fragments. Amplification of target sequences by PRC increased their detection limit by a factor of at least 10(5). Porcine ganglion samples, in which latency had been demonstrated by in vitro explanation, were analyzed by PCR together with positive and negative controls. Duplicate slot blot analyses of a portion of the amplified products were used to demonstrate latency in seven of eight samples. It was concluded that blot hybridization of PCR amplified DNA appears to be both a sensitive and convenient method for the detection of PRV induced latency.     

抗猪伪狂犬病病毒gH抗体的制备及gH在感染细胞中表达分析

为检测伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)在体外细胞中糖蛋白H(gH)的表达情况,本研究构建原核表达重组质粒pET-gHN660,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达重组蛋白,纯化的gH重组蛋白免疫实验动物制备抗PRV gH抗体,经western blot和IFA检测到病毒感染细胞中gM蛋白的表达,病毒感染细胞后表达的gH蛋白大小为95 ku,定位于细胞浆中,gH蛋白在病毒感染细胞4 h可以检出,随PRV的复制gH蛋白表达增加,gH蛋白可以作为PRV复制的指示蛋白.本研究利用制备的抗体分析感染细胞中gH蛋白的表达情况,初步探讨感染细胞中PRV的复制,为PRV和宿主相互作用的研究奠定基础.     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据伪狂犬病病毒gE基因的序列,设计和合成了一对特异的可用于检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的PCR引物和一条Taqman荧光探针,采用Li ght Cycl e 480荧光定量PCR仪,建立了一种可实时定量检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的荧光定量PCR技术。该方法的线性范围为1.0×102～1.0×1010拷贝,灵敏度可达4拷贝。检测速度快,仪器的运行时间仅为1 h。对13株猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒进行了检测,结果均为阳性;与伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗、猪细小病毒和鸭瘟病毒无非特异性反应。与病毒分离培养比较,该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、定量、重复性好等优点,可望用于临床上伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒的区分,伪狂犬病病毒野毒的检测和病毒分布的研究等。     

区分猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失疫苗株和野毒株的gE-PCR方法的建立

根据编码猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因保守序列,设计合成一对引物,通过优化PCR反应条件,成功地从猪伪狂犬病病毒感染的细胞中扩增出预期的178bp片段,而猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪流感病毒和猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失株均未扩增出相应的片段,经PCR扩增产物测序鉴定,证实了该扩增片段为预期目的片段;敏感性试验表明,该体系可检测到102TCID50的猪伪狂犬病病毒。本方法的建立能够区分基因缺失疫苗免疫猪和野毒感染猪,使猪伪狂犬病病毒的检测更为快速、准确。     

Comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embryos following in vitro exposure

The ability of seven cytopathic strains of bovine viruses to adhere to the zona pellucida of six-to-eight day-old bovine embryos were compared. Embryos were exposed to virus by placing them either in virus suspensions or by culturing them on infected bovine turbinate cultures for 18-24 h. After exposure to bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBV), bluetongue virus (BTV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3), or bovine enterovirus virus (BEV), the embryos were tested for virus by culture in bovine turbinate cells and by morphological examination using electron microscopy (EM). A special technique to minimize loss of embryos processed for EM was developed. More embryos had viral particles on the surface of the zona pellucida after exposure to 18-24 hour infected cell cultures than did embryos exposed to viral culture suspensions. The most dramatic finding was that BTV adhered in large numbers to the surface of the zona pellucida of exposed embryos. IBRV, PRV, and VSV comprised an intermediate group, with virions occasionally detected on the surface of exposed embryos after 5 washes. Therefore, extensive washing is required. The PI3 and BEV were easily removed from embryo-exposed virus by washing. BVD was difficult to identify morphologically, making assessment by EM unreliable. There was no evidence that any one of the seven viruses penetrated the intact zona pellucida. Using a micromanipulator, 42 embryos were also directly inoculated through the zona pellucida with +/- 50 picoliters of virus inoculum or medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)