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扁弯口吸虫隶属于扁形动物门,吸虫纲,前口目,弯口科,弯口吸虫属。吸虫种类繁多,对渔业生产危害日趋严重,特别是双穴吸虫病、日本侧殖吸虫病、血居吸虫病等。而关于扁弯口吸虫对鲫鱼危害的研究不多、报道较少,笔者对扁弯口吸虫的形态、寄生鱼体时引起的症状、流行情况及预防方法进行了初步研究,力求为诊断、预防和治疗该病提供参考资料。 相似文献
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扁弯口吸虫隶属于扁形动物门。吸虫纲.前口目。弯口科,弯口吸虫属。吸虫种类繁多。对渔业生产危害日趋严重,特别是双穴吸虫病、日本侧殖吸虫病、血居吸虫病等。而关于扁弯口吸虫对鲫鱼危害的研究不多、报道较少,笔者对扁弯口吸虫的形态、寄生鱼体时引起的症状、流行情况及预防方法进行了初步研究.力求为诊断、预防和治疗该病提供参考资料。 相似文献
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团头鲂血居吸虫病是1965年和1973年先后在湖北省浠水县鱼池发现。1.0—1.5寸大的鱼种往往因患此病而死亡。其病原体是文献中未报导过的两种血居吸虫,并一种命名为鲂血居吸虫新种Sanguinicola megalogramae sp.nov.另一种暂列为血居吸虫未定种Sanguincolasp。 较详细地观察和记述了鲂血居吸虫成虫的形态、生态,以及卵、毛蚴、尾蚴等的形态和发育情况。查清了鲂血居吸虫的中间宿主是一种扁卷螺——白旋螺 Gyraulus albus Muller,还进行了尾蚴对鱼苗的感染试验。 解剖材料表明:鲂血居吸虫在排卵季节(当年7—9月;翌年4-5月),成虫绝大多数寄生在心脏的动脉球内,其卵可随血液流至身体各部,但主要是到达鳃和肾。 通过组织病理观察,了解到由于大量虫卵充塞鳃小片造成机械损伤,阻碍鱼的气体交换,致使鱼苗或夏花鱼种窒息致死。每当鱼池中有大量尾蚴,在同一时间内有6—8个尾蚴侵入,鱼苗就出现畸形或死亡。 经过防治试验,提出消除中间宿主——白旋螺和杀灭鱼池中的尾蚴等方法和措施。 相似文献
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羊肝片吸虫病的诊断与防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
羊肝片吸虫病又名肝蛭病,是由肝片吸虫引起的羊寄生虫病,主要寄生于羊的肝脏和胆管中,养羊地区常呈地方性流行或散发。该病可导致发病羊生产能力下降,严重者造成死亡,对养羊业危害很大,可造成严重经济损失。本文对永胜县羊坪乡羊玶水库周围农户所养羊群进行了调查,对当地羊肝片吸虫病的流行情况进行了分析,提出了综合防治措施。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin, ENR)是一种吸收分布快、血药浓度高、药效持久和生物利用度高的抗菌素,在鱼类疾病防治中广泛应用。然而,近年来,鱼类与养殖环境ENR药残事件对人类与生态的安全影响,已成为公众日益关注的焦点。本文在归纳鱼类ENR消除研究基础上,从ENR自身结构与性质,ENR与鱼类种类、发育阶段、组织差异、生理与病理状况、给药剂量与给药方式,以及温度、盐度、光照等环境因子关系,对鱼类ENR药残成因进行追溯分析。首次分析发现并提出底栖鱼类较其他水层鱼类易于形成ENR药残蓄积的假说,其可能与沉积环境有机质丰富,易于吸附ENR,底层黑暗环境无法光解ENR,底层鱼类从沉积环境吸收、富集ENR有关,建议对底层鱼类ENR休药期重新研究界定,对其ENR药残机制进行着重研究。首次提出基于选择突变窗理论的ENR大剂量给药模式,是引发当前鱼类与环境ENR药残主要根源。据此,提出基于ENR最小抑菌浓度的ENR减量给药方案,联合具有抗菌和促解毒功能的传统中草药,以达到ENR减量增效,降低ENR耐药性,促进ENR药残从养殖鱼体消除,缩短鱼类ENR休药期,降低养殖环境ENR药残的目的。同时,为减少鱼类ENR的环境来源,应结合进行环境ENR消除技术研究。本文可为养殖鱼类ENR科学用药与药残风险控制提供研究思路。 相似文献
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神经坏死病毒(Nervous necrosis virus)是导致多种海水鱼类神经性病害的致病原.发病及死亡的石斑鱼除了表现神经异常症状外,无明显的临床病症,体表及内脏组织也未发现明显病变及寄生虫感染.2003年4~8月,应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术从福建南部人工养殖的5种石斑鱼即紫石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)、马拉巴石斑鱼(E. malabaricus)、青石斑鱼(E. awoara)、赤点石斑鱼(E. akaara)和云纹石斑鱼(E. moara)中检出5个神经坏死病毒分离株.检测了76份石斑鱼样品,这些石斑鱼NNV病毒的平均感染率约为90%.对这些病毒的RT-PCR产物421 bp核酸进行了测序和序列分析,其相同的序列超过99%.将这些序列与GenBank的石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)神经坏死病毒相关基因序列作比较,同源性在97%以上.对神经坏死病毒在石斑鱼体内的分布也进行了分析,在脑和眼组织的检出率最高,部分病鱼的肝、脾和肾组织也能检出病毒.结合流行病学特征,可确认神经坏死病毒为该传染病的主要致病原.RT-PCR方法是检测NNV等病原的一种理想的诊断方法. 相似文献
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基于不同检测方法的养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
摄食节律是鱼类在长期演化过程中对光照、温度、饵料等周期性变动的环境条件主动适应的结果,掌握鱼类摄食节律直接关系到对养殖对象投喂时间、投喂方式、投喂频率等投喂策略的决定,继而影响饲料效率和养殖水体的污染负荷。综述了国内外养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律检测方法的研究进展,总结分析了胃肠充塞度法、日摄食率法、自适应投喂法以及观察法这4种摄食节律研究方法的具体实施过程,比较了各自的优缺点,指出目前养殖鱼类摄食节律研究方法的局限性,并对未来养殖鱼类摄食节律的研究和应用进行了展望,旨在为已有摄食节律检测方法的优化改进以及新检测方法的提出提供参考。 相似文献
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The Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, under its “All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Composite Culture of Indian and Exotic fishes” has been conducting experiments since 1971 in different parts of India to develop formulae of species combination of fishes whereby fishes feeding in different zones of pond water are selected and cultured together to increase production in pond culture operations. These experiments have indicated that grass carp not only controls aquatic weeds but also at the same time grows very fast and thus it is one of the best culturable fish if its feeds are available. 相似文献
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Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish and the Potential Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Finfish Aquaculture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gary Burr Delbert Gatlin III Steven Ricke 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(4):425-436
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, and growth performance of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. If growth performance and feed efficiency are increased in commercial aquaculture, then the costs of production are likely to be reduced. Also if more fish are able to resist disease and survive until they are of marketable size, the subsequent cost of medication and overall production costs would be reduced drastically. It has been documented in a number of food animals that gastrointestinal microbiota play important roles in affecting the nutrition and health of the host organism. Thus, various means of altering the intestinal microbiota to achieve favorable effects such as enhancing growth, digestion, immunity, and disease resistance of the host organism have been investigated in various terrestrial livestock as well as in humans. Dietary supplementation of prebiotcs, which are classified as non‐digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by stimulating growth and/or activity of a limited number of health‐promoting bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter spp. in the intestine, while limiting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli, have been reported to favorably affect various terrestrial species; however, such information is extremely limited to date for aquatic organisms. Effects of probiotics, defined as live microbial feed supplements, on gastrointestinal microbiota have been studied in some fishes, but the primary application of microbial manipulations in aquaculture has been to alter the composition of the aquatic medium. In general, the gastrointestinal microbiota of fishes including those produced in aquaculture has been poorly characterized, especially the anaerobic microbiota. Therefore, more detailed studies of the microbial community of cultured fish are needed to potentially enhance the effectiveness of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation. This review summarizes and evaluates current knowledge of intestinal microbial ecology of fishes, the various functions of this intestinal microbial community, and the potential for further application of prebiotics and probiotics in aquaculture. 相似文献
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Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota in Intestinal Tracts of the Wild and Cultured Seahorses,Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach)
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Kai Wang Yanhong Zhang Feng Li Qiang Lin 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(1):123-128
Seahorse aquaculture has been a focus for meeting the demand of Chinese traditional medicine and aquarium, and one of the bottlenecks for aquaculture is disease. The present study focused on the intestinal microbiota between wild and cultured seahorses. Results showed that the Alcaligenaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant intestinal flora in intestinal tracts of seahorses, and Achromobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Serratia sp. were the dominant intestinal flora. It was the first time that two strains (TPL14 and yb97) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were found in cultured seahorses and even in fishes. Interestingly, Vibrio, which accounted for 19.35% of the intestinal bacterial communities, only occurred in the cultured seahorses, and it was strongly involved in the intestinal diseases in seahorse H. trimaculatus. 相似文献
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增氧机池塘增氧效果试验的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究不同型式的增氧机性能,可使生产者根据不同养殖对象与模式针对溶氧的需求,选择配置合适的增氧方式。通过对使用最为广泛的叶轮式、水车式、射流式和曝气式增氧机产品性能的池塘实效试验,分析比较各类增氧机性能、工作特性和适用范围。结果表明,养殖水体溶解氧主要来自浮游植物的光合作用;叶轮式、水车式和射流式增氧机应用于服务水域,其增氧能力远远不能满足该水域养殖鱼类的氧需求,但可满足养殖鱼类的应急氧需求;曝气式增氧机因没有应急增氧作用和水体搅拌能力而不适合四大家鱼等常规鱼种的养殖需要。 相似文献
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本文通过对厦门湾及其沿岸的海水养殖鱼类疾病种类、病原、流行情况和防治方法进行调查,总结出常见疾病15种,其中病毒性疾病3种,细菌性疾病4种,寄生虫性疾病6种,其它疾病2种.对疾病的发生原因和防治对策加以重点阐述. 相似文献