辣蓼黄酮对脂多糖诱导下RAW264.7细胞活性氧及炎性因子分泌的影响

采用酶解-超声偶联法提取辣蓼全草中的总黄酮,并经过萃取分离结合大孔树脂纯化富集获得辣蓼乙酸乙酯部分黄酮(FEA)与辣蓼正丁醇部分黄酮(FNB),并通过MTT法测定药物安全浓度。采用不同剂量的FEA与FNB作用于脂多糖(LPS)刺激所诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症体外模型,测定细胞内活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平。结果表明,FEA与FNB能明显减少LPS诱导的ROS释放量;不同浓度的FEA与FNB可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO水平的升高。FEA与FNB均能减少LPS刺激所诱导的促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8释放,FEA能促进抗炎因子IL-10的生成。说明一定浓度的FEA和FNB具有显著的抗炎效果,且其抗炎作用的产生可能与抗氧化途径有关。     

紫花地丁总黄酮体外抗炎活性研究

试验研究了紫花地丁总黄酮(TFV)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力、细胞中炎症介质含量以及相关基因表达的影响,以期探讨其体外抗炎活性的作用。试验采用MTT法筛选出TFV对小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力具有促进作用的最佳添加浓度;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测了TFV对LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞释放到细胞培养液中NO、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)含量的影响;运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测了TFV对LPS诱导的炎性小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞TNF-α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧合酶2(COX-2)相对表达水平的影响;研究并分析了TFV的体外抗炎活性。试验结果表明,TFV在5～50μg/mL浓度范围内能提高小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞的活力(P0.05);与LPS模型组比较,TFV能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的含量,并能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TNF-α、COX-2等炎症因子的mRNA表达量(P0.05)。综上,TFV能显著下调LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等细胞因子的释放量和下调TNF-α、COX-2 mRNA的表达量,说明抑制促炎性细胞因子基因的表达可能是实现其抗炎作用的原因之一。     

白花鬼针草两种提取物的抗炎活性比较研究

为了研究入侵植物白花鬼针草[Bidens alba(L.)DC]醇提物和水提物的抗炎活性差异,试验将白花鬼针草分别用纯化水和乙醇提取,然后建立小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型,对这两种提取物进行体外抗炎活性差异评价。结果表明:当浓度为2.0~8.0 mg/L时,白花鬼针草的醇总提物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞一氧化氮释放产生较明显的抑制作用,而且呈现剂量依赖关系,而水总提物未表现出明显的抑制作用。说明乙醇是入侵植物白花鬼针草抗炎活性物质的优良提取剂。     

紫花地丁总黄酮体外抗炎活性研究

试验研究了紫花地丁总黄酮（TFV）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力、细胞中炎症介质含量以及相关基因表达的影响,以期探讨其体外抗炎活性的作用。试验采用MTT法筛选出TFV对小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞活力具有促进作用的最佳添加浓度;用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测了TFV对LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞释放到细胞培养液中NO、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）含量的影响;运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测了TFV对LPS诱导的炎性小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞TNF-α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧合酶2（COX-2）相对表达水平的影响;研究并分析了TFV的体外抗炎活性。试验结果表明,TFV在5~50 μg/mL浓度范围内能提高小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞的活力（P<0.05）;与LPS模型组比较,TFV能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的含量,并能显著降低LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TNF-α、COX-2等炎症因子的mRNA表达量（P<0.05）。综上,TFV能显著下调LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等细胞因子的释放量和下调TNF-α、COX-2 mRNA的表达量,说明抑制促炎性细胞因子基因的表达可能是实现其抗炎作用的原因之一。     

柴桂口服液体外抗炎作用的研究

探讨柴桂口服液在脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW 264.7细胞中的抗炎能力,为研发具有抗炎功效的柴桂制剂提供依据和参考.利用LPS刺激RAW 264.7细胞建立体外炎症模型,CCK8法检测药物对细胞的安全浓度,观察不同浓度的柴桂口服液作用细胞后的体外抗炎效果.结果表明,柴桂口服液对RAW 264.7细胞安全浓度为不超过10...     

鸡血藤总黄酮抗炎活性的研究

为了探讨鸡血藤总黄酮的抗炎活性,试验采用二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀模型和大肠杆菌脂多糖刺激RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,测定鸡血藤总黄酮对小鼠耳肿胀及RAW264.7细胞炎性因子分泌水平的抑制作用。结果表明:体内鸡血藤总黄酮高剂量(100 mg/kg)和中剂量(50 mg/kg)组小鼠耳肿胀率显著低于空白对照组(P0.05),体外鸡血藤总黄酮处理对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞所致的一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)分泌水平的升高具有显著抑制作用(P0.05)。说明鸡血藤总黄酮在体内和体外均具有良好的抗炎效果。     

二氢槲皮素与二氢杨梅素抗炎活性对比研究

构建巨噬细胞验证模型,比较研究二氢槲皮素(Dihydroquercetin,taxifolin,TF)和二氢杨梅素(Dihydromyricetin,DMY)体外抗炎活性。以1 mg/L的脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立了体外炎症模型;通过细胞毒性试验(MTT)法检测细胞存活率;Griess试剂法测定细胞上清液中NO(一氧化氮)释放量;ELISA法检测上清液中细胞因子IL-1β(白细胞介素-1β)、IL-6(白细胞介素-6)、TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子α)和PGE2(前列腺素E2)的含量变化;通过RT-PCR法检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α基因表达情况。MTT试验结果表明,二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素各剂量组没有表现出对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的细胞毒性。同时,二氢槲皮素高中低剂量组和二氢杨梅素高中低剂量组均能显著抑制脂多糖诱导细胞对NO、PGE2的释放(P0.01),且均表现出剂量依赖性;二氢槲皮素高中低剂量组和二氢杨梅素高中低剂量组均能有效降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α基因的表达,同时能够降低脂多糖诱导细胞产生细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。二氢槲皮素和二氢杨梅素均具有良好的体外抗炎作用,且二氢槲皮素的抗炎作用较好。     

木犀草素和槲皮素体外抗炎作用研究

旨在观察木犀草素及槲皮素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞瘤细胞系(RAW264.7)分泌NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6以及IL-10的影响,评价其抗炎效果。试验采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,选对数生长期细胞,设对照组、LPS组、木犀草素5、2.5、1.25μg/mL组,槲皮素10、5、2.5μg/mL组。药物预处理4h后致炎24h,Griess法测定细胞培养上清液中NO的含量,ELISA测定上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6以及IL-10的含量。试验数据表明,木犀草素及槲皮素均可极显著地抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞后NO、TNF-α、IL-1β以及IL-6含量的升高(P0.01),且在一定程度上呈剂量依赖性。结果表明,木犀草素及槲皮素在体外具有良好的抗炎效果。     

精氨酸双糖苷对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

为研究精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)体外的抗炎机制,以脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)作为炎症模型,用精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)的低、中、高(5、10、20 mg/L)三个剂量进行干预后,MTT法测定细胞毒性作用,Griess法测定一氧化氮(NO)生成量,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)的分泌量。结果表明:AFG的三个不同剂量对RAW264.7细胞无抑制作用(P0.05),各浓度给药组的NO、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2含量与LPS刺激模型组相比较都显著降低(P0.01),推想AFG的抗炎活性可能是通过抑制NO和PGE2等炎症介质释放,降低IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等炎症因子的含量而发挥了作用。     

复方肿节风溶液抗炎和平喘作用的研究

为考察复方肿节风溶液的抗炎平喘作用,进行了该药的体外抗炎和体内平喘作用研究。用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW 264.7细胞建立体外炎症模型,MTT法检测复方肿节风对RAW 264.7细胞活力的影响,ELISA检测细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6浓度,Griess法检测NO水平。体内试验通过卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏、激发Wistar大鼠建立哮喘模型,并灌服不同剂量(12、6、3g/kg)的复方肿节风溶液。ELISA检测大鼠血清中IL-4、IL-17、IFN-γ及IgE水平;瑞特-吉姆萨染色血涂片,用血细胞计数器计数血液白细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞数,肺组织HE染色,观察肺组织病理变化。体外抗炎试验结果表明,复方肿节风溶液在10μg/mL~40μg/mL的浓度范围内对RAW 264.7细胞活力无显著影响。10、20、40μg/mL的复方肿节风溶液能不同程度抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞产生TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1和NO的水平(P0.05),并存在一定的剂量依赖关系。体内平喘试验结果表明,与哮喘模型组相比,复方肿节风溶液能明显下调血清中IL-4、IL-17和IgE的高分泌,上调血清中IFN-γ水平(P0.05)。表明复方肿节风溶液抗炎平喘作可能通过抑制相关炎症因子的表达来实现的。     

艾纳香油对NF-κB及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的作用研究

旨在通过研究NF-κB、Nrf2/HO-1通路来揭示艾纳香油（Blumea balsamifera（L.）DC Oil,BBO）发挥抗炎效果的作用机制。本研究利用LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,试验分为空白组、LPS模型组、BBO组（低、中、高剂量）、BBO阴性对照组,每组3个重复,采用Hoechst 33342和PI双染检测BBO对细胞凋亡的影响;采用ELISA和分光光度法检测BBO对LPS诱导巨噬细胞后分泌IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE₂、LTB₄、NO含量及iNOS活力的影响;采用RT-PCR检测BBO对TNF-α、IL-1β的mRNA表达水平的影响;采用Western blotting检测BBO对NF-κB及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路关键蛋白水平的影响。结果显示,BBO在80 μg·mL^-1剂量范围内可以扭转LPS导致的巨噬细胞形态变化及细胞凋亡发生;与LPS模型组相比,BBO 60~80 μg·mL^-1剂量下可以极显著抑制LPS诱导的细胞炎性因子和炎症介质IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE₂、LTB₄、NO的分泌及iNOS活力（P<0.01）,并极显著抑制LPS导致的细胞IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA表达（P<0.01）;同时,BBO 60~80 μg·mL^-1剂量下极显著下调LPS导致的COX-2、5-LOX、p-IKKα、p-P65、p-IκB-α、胞质Nrf2蛋白表达（P<0.01）,极显著促进HO-1、核Nrf2蛋白表达（P<0.01）,并呈现剂量依赖性关系。结果提示,艾纳香油有良好的抑制细胞炎性和抗凋亡效果,其可能通过抑制NF-p-IκBB通路中关键蛋白磷酸化和炎症因子的产生从而促进Nrf2/HO-1通路中主要抗炎基因表达最终发挥抗炎作用。     

The A y allele at the agouti locus enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality in mice

In the course of investigations on anorexia during infection, I found that B6-A(y) mice had significantly increased sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality as compared with isogenic B6 mice. I also found that the sensitivity to the lethal effect of LPS dramatically increased in aged mice (age effect), both B6 and B6-A(y). However, the A(y) effect of enhancing sensitivity to LPS-induced lethality was still significant, suggesting that the A(y) effect is independent of age. In the absence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), the A(y) effect was still significant, suggesting that the A(y) effect is independent of TNFalpha toxicity. A dose of LPS of 100 mug per mouse caused 15% lethality in B6, 65% in B6-A(y) (significantly higher than B6), and 100 % in leptin-deficient B6-ob/ob (significantly higher than B6 and B6-A(y)). The results support the hypothesis that endogenous leptin has a protective role against infection, and that a part of this leptin effect is mediated by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH). In contrast to the results of simple blockade at the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), B6-A(y) suffered more severe LPS-induced anorexia than did B6; therefore, the pathway involving MC4R is not absolutely required for the LPS-induced anorexia, and the presence of pathways involving other melanocortin receptor types was suggested. Because alphaMSH is suggested to be an endogenous anti-inflammatory peptide, and because melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is expressed in various cutaneous cell types, the A(y) effect might be caused via the pathway involving MC1R. Physiologic significance of alphaMSH-MC1R interaction in host defense against infection is discussed.     

Propofol attenuates LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide expression in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells possibly through down-regulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in intensive care medicine. Propofol, an intravenous general anesthetic, has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties and able to prevent sepsis induced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by down-regulating the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, propofol’s anti-inflammatory effects upon canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have not yet been clarified. Here, we isolate canine PBMCs and investigate the effects of propofol on the gene expressions of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and upon the production of nitric oxide (NO). Through real-time quantitative PCR and the Griess reagent system, we found that non-cytotoxic levels of propofol significantly inhibited the release of NO and IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in LPS-induced canine PBMCs. Western blotting revealed that LPS does significantly increase the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein in canine PBMCs, while pretreatment with propofol significantly decreases the LPS-induced iNOS protein expression. Propofol, at concentration of 25 µM and 50 µM, also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 protein in canine PBMCs. This diminished TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS expression, and NO production was in parallel to the respective decreased NF-κB p65 protein nuclear translocation in the LPS-activated canine PBMCs pretreated with 25 µM and 50 µM propofol. This suggests that non-cytotoxic levels of propofol pretreatment can down-regulate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in canine PBMCs, possibly by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 protein.     

蜂胶对细菌脂多糖刺激下奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症相关基因mRNA转录水平和紧密连接蛋白的影响

本试验旨在研究中国蜂胶乙醇提取物（ethanol extract of Chinese propolis，EECP）对细菌脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）刺激下体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症相关基因mRNA转录水平和紧密连接渗透性的影响。EECP中总酚酸和总黄酮含量测定采用福林酚法和硝酸铝法，并建立LPS诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells，MAC-T）炎症模型，采用CCK-8法测定EECP对MAC-T相对增殖率的影响，利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）评估EECP对LPS诱导的MAC-T细胞炎症相关因子（IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β）相对mRNA转录水平；以及对紧密连接蛋白（occludin、ZO-1）相对mRNA转录水平进行检测，并进一步利用免疫荧光技术对紧密连接膜蛋白进行定位，确定EECP对LPS诱导MAC-T细胞炎症紧密连接渗透性的影响。结果显示：EECP中总酚酸含量为106.35 mg没食子酸当量（GAE）·g^-1、总黄酮含量为320.85 mg芦丁当量（RE）·g^-1；CCK-8结果显示EECP的安全浓度为0~15 μg·mL^-1，并可有效提高LPS刺激下MAC-T的活力；LPS刺激显著增加了细胞炎症相关因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的转录量（P<0.001）；但2.5~15.0 μg·mL^-1 EECP预处理显著降低了IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的转录量；与此类似，LPS刺激显著抑制了紧密连接蛋白基因（occludin、ZO-1）mRNA的转录量（P<0.01），而EECP预处理后紧密连接蛋白基因（occludin和ZO-1）mRNA的转录量显著增加（P<0.05）；免疫荧光染色试验也证实EECP能通过上调紧密连接蛋白（occludin、ZO-1）的表达，缓解LPS诱导的乳腺上皮细胞屏障功能紊乱。该结果证实，EECP对细菌脂多糖诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症具有良好的保护作用，这为利用中国蜂胶预防奶牛乳腺炎提供了试验基础。     

长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对肠上皮细胞促炎细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(LC n-3 PUFA)对肠上皮细胞促炎细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响.试验选用大鼠肠上皮细胞系IEC-6细胞为模型,分为4个处理,分别为对照、脂多糖(LPS,1μg/mL)、LPS(1μg/mL)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,100 μmol/L)和LPS(l μg/mL)+二十碳五烯酸(EPA,100μmol/L),每个处理3个重复,每孔为1个重复.细胞先用DHA、EPA或等量二甲基亚砜(DHA和EPA的溶剂,对照)预处理48h,再用LPS处理3h,收集细胞提取总RNA,采用实时定量PCR方法分析肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-6(IL-6)的基因mRNA表达水平的差异.结果表明:LPS极显著上调了细胞中TNF-α、IL-1 β和IL-6的基因mRNA表达水平(P＜0.01),EPA均极显著或显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的TNF-α(P＜0.01)、IL-1β(P ＜0.01)和IL-6的基因mRNA水平(P＜0.05)的上调,而DHA仅显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的IL-1β的基因mRNA水平的上调(P＜0.05).结果提示,LC n-3 PUFA在肠上皮细胞中具有抗炎作用,且在本试验条件下EPA的抗炎效果要优于DHA.     

The role of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the mechanism regulating cyclooxygenase gene expression in equine leukocytes

The goal of this study was to define the role for p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the signaling mechanism regulating pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated equine leukocytes for the purposes of identifying novel targets for anti-inflammatory therapy in endotoxemic horses. The p38 MAPK has been shown to positively regulate inflammatory gene expression in human leukocytes and can be activated by a variety of stimuli including LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1. Activation-associated phosphorylated p38 MAPK has been implicated in the up-regulation of several inflammatory genes, including COX-2 which ultimately results in the production of prostanoids that are responsible for the pathophysiology associated with endotoxemia. Our hypothesis is that activation of p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression in equine peripheral blood leukocytes. We tested our hypothesis by investigating the effects of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 on LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE(2) production in equine leukocytes. LPS stimulation activated p38 MAPK and increased COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with maximal activation observed after 30min and 4h, respectively, at a concentration of 10 ng/ml LPS. In contrast, LPS stimulation did not affect COX-1 protein expression. Pretreatment with SB203580 or SB202190 significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation-associated p38 MAPK phosphorylation, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and PGE(2) production in equine leukocytes. Maximal inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression was achieved at a concentration of 10 microM SB203580. We concluded that p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression suggesting that p38 MAPK is a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy during equine endotoxemia.     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid enhances spleen PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in broiler chicks

1. The anti-inflammatory effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on broilers repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. 2. Day-old broiler chicks were allotted into three treatment groups and fed on a control diet or diets containing 5.0 or 10.0 g CLA/kg diet. Six chicks from each treatment were injected with LPS (0.25 mg/kg body weight) at 16, 18 and 20 d of age. Splenic cyclooxygenase (COX) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression were measured at 21 d of age. 3. Chicks fed 10.0 g CLA/kg diet had lower COX activities and PGE(2) production that the controls. Dietary CLA (10.0 g/kg) did not significantly diminish LPS-induced enhancement of COS-2 activity, inhibited the subsequent increase in PGE(2) production. 4. Regulation of COX-1 activity contributed to the difference in PGE(2) production. 5. CLA did not markedly attenuate the increase of iNOS activity and NO production caused by LPS challenge. Chicks fed CLA had lower iNOS activity and NO production than the controls. 6. Dietary CLA activated splenic PPAR-gamma mRNA expression and increased PPAR-gamma mRNA expression after LPS injection. 7. These results suggest that dietary CLA has immunomodulatory effects in the spleen by restricting basal PGE(2) and NO to lower levels and enhancing PPAR-gamma mRNA expression. During the inflammatory response, dietary CLA did not alleviate the increase in COX-2 and iNOS activities but enhanced PPAT-gamma mRNA expression.     

Estradiol plus progesterone treatment modulates select elements of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade in steers: attenuated nitric oxide and thromboxane B2 production in endotoxemia

Estradiol plus progesterone (EP) implants have been shown to favorably alter the time course or decrease the severity of many of the clinical manifestations associated with coccidiosis and endotoxemia in calves. This study evaluated the effect of EP treatment on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), thromboxane (TXB), prostacyclin (PRC), nitrite and nitrate (NO[x]), and cortisol. Holstein steer calves were divided into four groups: control, EP, endotoxin (LPS), and EP + LPS (n = five/group). Estradiol/progesterone pellets (Synovex-S) were implanted subcutaneously when calves reached 20 wk of age. One week after implantation, calves were injected i.v. with endotoxin (i.e., lipopolysaccharide; LPS, 0.6 microgram/kg of BW) or nonpyrogenic saline placebo. Body temperature was measured and blood was collected before injection and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter. Plasma concentrations of TNF, cortisol, TXB, PRC, NO[x], were measured. Body temperature increased in both LPS and LPS-EP calves, but had returned to normal by 6 h in the LPS-EP group (P < 0.05). Plasma TNF and cortisol increased after LPS (P < 0.01), but were not differentially affected by EP treatment. Likewise, EP did not affect the magnitude of increase in LPS-induced PRC, but EP decreased the magnitude of increase in TXB (P < 0.05). Plasma NO[x]) levels were increased (P < 0.01) in calves after LPS; treatment with EP attenuated the LPS-associated increase in plasma NO[x] levels. These results suggest that EP exerts specific effects on different components of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade. Although the initiation of responses mediated by TNF, cortisol, and PRC do not seem to be differentially affected by EP, components of the nitric oxide- and TXB-axis responses to LPS are decreased in calves pretreated with EP.     

发酵金针菇多糖通过核转录因子-κB-NOD样受体家族含pyrin结构域蛋白3信号通路抑制巨噬细胞炎症反应

为探究金针菇多糖(FVP)和发酵金针菇多糖(FFVP)对小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)炎症反应的影响与机制,以脂多糖(LPS)构建RAW264.7炎症模型,设置CON组(正常培养基)、LPS组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS)、FVP组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS+25、50或100μg/mL FVP)和FFVP组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS+25、50或100μg/mL FFVP),通过测定RAW264.7的细胞活力、吞噬能力、活性氧(ROS)和一氧化氮(NO)含量以及炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量与mRNA相对表达量,比较FVP和FFVP抑制巨噬细胞炎症反应的作用;以核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)抑制剂BAY11-7082处理RAW264.7,通过Western blot检测磷酸化核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α(p-IκBα)、NOD样受体家族含pyrin结构域蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱天冬蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)和IL-1β的蛋白相对表达量,探究FVP...