水牛卵巢颗粒细胞的分离培养及凋亡测定

研究主要是通过比较水牛卵巢颗粒细胞在不同培养基中的生长状态,并对细胞的增殖、核型及凋亡情况进行检测,以了解水牛卵巢颗粒细胞体外生长特性,建立水牛卵巢颗粒细胞的体外培养体系。结果发现,分离获得的水牛卵巢颗粒细胞存活率约为60%;采用DMEM培养基,颗粒细胞的生长速度和生长状态优于TCM-199和DMEM/F12培养基;细胞培养24 h后开始零星增殖,3~5 d增殖速度达到高峰;第1、3、5、7代颗粒细胞正常核型比率差异不显著,均在85%以上;第1代颗粒细胞的凋亡率与第5代差异显著(P<0.05),与第7代差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,DMEM培养基更适宜用于水牛颗粒细胞的体外培养;水牛颗粒细胞能稳定地进行传代培养,染色体的数目不会发生明显改变,但细胞凋亡率会随着培养代数的增加而明显升高。     

人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因对山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的影响

利用包含人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）基因的真核表达载体pCI-neo-hTERT转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选阳性克隆扩大培养,并对转染阳性细胞分别进行RT-PCR检测,倍性分析,细胞周期检测和细胞凋亡检测,以观察该基因对山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的影响。试验结果表明,筛选出的阳性细胞现已传至第50代;RT-PCR检测,端粒酶基因成功整合到山羊胎儿成纤维细胞并持续表达;倍性分析结果显示,转基因第50代细胞呈正常二倍体;对细胞周期进行分析,结果显示转基因第50代细胞较未转染第30代细胞有较高的S期,说明该细胞DNA合成旺盛,具有很强的增殖能力;细胞凋亡检测结果发现,转基因第50代细胞中凋亡细胞的比例明显少于转染第30代山羊胎儿成纤维细胞。这些试验结果均表明,hTERT能增加山羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养的代数,并保持细胞良好的形态及较强的增殖能力。     

人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因对山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的影响

利用包含人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因的真核表达载体pCI-neo-hTERT转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选阳性克隆扩大培养,并对转染阳性细胞分别进行RT-PCR检测,倍性分析,细胞周期检测和细胞凋亡检测,以观察该基因对山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的影响.试验结果表明,筛选出的阳性细胞现已传至第50代;RT-PCR检测,端粒酶基因成功整合到山羊胎儿成纤维细胞并持续表达;倍性分析结果显示,转基因第50代细胞呈正常二倍体;对细胞周期进行分析,结果显示转基因第50代细胞较未转染第30代细胞有较高的S期,说明该细胞DNA合成旺盛,具有很强的增殖能力;细胞凋亡检测结果发现,转基因第50代细胞中凋亡细胞的比例明显少于转染第30代山羊胎儿成纤维细胞.这些试验结果均表明,hTERT能增加山羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养的代数,并保持细胞良好的形态及较强的增殖能力.     

牛输卵管上皮细胞的纯化培养与生长特性研究

研究依据牛输卵管上皮细胞与成纤维细胞对EDTA/胰酶消化敏感性不同,分离纯化牛输卵管上皮细胞,并以其进行生长曲线和细胞凋亡趋势的研究。结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛输卵管上皮细胞在DMEM/F12培养基中生长旺盛,第3代细胞在2.5×104个细胞/孔的起始浓度下,生长周期明显,7 d左右可以达到100%汇合。第11代细胞达到100%汇合的时间较第3代细胞延长3 d左右,细胞出现滞长现象。用膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞术检测输卵管上皮细胞凋亡,发现输卵管上皮细胞在生长期细胞凋亡速度慢,在接触生长期中短期内饥饿培养对凋亡影响不大。9代以前细胞凋亡率每代增加约1%左右,但9代后凋亡率明显加快,在9代时为15.5%,11代时已经达到了20.7%,13代为26.4%。因为细胞凋亡时细胞的核质出现退化,提示以输卵管上皮细胞作为核移植供体材料或建立早期胚胎发育的共培养体系时,应该使用10代以前的细胞为宜。     

牛胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养

研究了牛胎儿组织成纤维细胞的分离、培养、纯化方法和生长特征,并对培养细胞的冷冻保存和复苏进行了观察.采取组织块培养法进行原代培养,在接种第5天到第6天成纤维细胞生长旺盛;用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,传代培养细胞生长状态良好;用液氮冷冻法保存传代细胞,解冻后持续传代至第12代仍生长良好,第8代细胞冻存前和复苏后的活率分别为97.0% 和94.3%,无显著差异(P>0.05);分离纯化的胎牛成纤维细胞的生长曲线都正常;成功地建立了牛胎儿成纤维细胞系.该细胞可经多次传代培养和冷冻保存.     

转hTERT基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的生物学特性及其表达分析

用脂质体介导法将hTERT基因转染到山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中,以期获得永生化的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系。对转染后的阳性细胞进行细胞学和分子学相关检测。结果显示,导入hTERT的阳性细胞形态正常,并已传至第58代;未转染组细胞经长期传代后（30代）,增殖缓慢,部分细胞表现衰老和凋亡的迹象。RT-PCR检测转染组细胞中有hTERT基因表达。生长曲线绘制结果显示转染组（30代和50代）山羊胎儿成纤维细胞生长速度稍快于未转染组（5代）细胞,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。转染组细胞生长旺盛,细胞接种后第6天,基本覆盖培养孔。而未转染组（30代）细胞一直生长缓慢,差异显著（P〈0.05）。未转染组（30代）山羊胎儿成纤维细胞处于S期细胞和G1期细胞分别为28.9%和60.8%,而转染组（30代）分别为45.2%和45.0%。说明外源性hTERT基因可促进山羊胎儿成纤维细胞由G1期向S期转变,并提高细胞增殖能力。转染组（50代）山羊胎儿成纤维细胞染色体核型正常,未发生变化。未转染组（30代）细胞凋亡率和死亡率分别为39.7%和29.4%,而转染组（30代）分别为11.0%和12.7%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。hTERT蛋白在转染组（30代）山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中表达,蛋白相对分子质量为127 000。说明外源性hTERT基因可以延长胎儿成纤维细胞在体外培养的寿命,降低细胞凋亡率。     

天祝白牦牛肾组织成纤维细胞系的建立与生物学特性研究

采集天祝白牦牛胚胎肾组织,用胰蛋白酶热消化法制备原代细胞,通过差速消化和差速贴壁法继代培养和细胞纯化,扩增至F3代后冷冻保存,并对复苏细胞的形态、活力、生长曲线、荧光蛋白质粒转染表达、核型以及乳酸脱氢酶同工酶等生物学特性进行了分析。结果显示,原代和传代细胞生长形态良好,群体倍增时间为27.2 h;染色体2n=60;二倍体为74%,占主体;乳酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱有明显特征,LDH5浓度较高,活性较强;外源质粒在该细胞中能进行复制和表达;细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测呈阴性。表明本研究已成功建立天祝白牦牛肾组织成纤维细胞系,该细胞系的建立,使天祝白牦牛这一国家重要种质资源在细胞水平上得以保存,也为基因组文库和体细胞克隆等研究提供了理想的生物材料。     

鸭胚成纤维细胞培养、传代及保存方法的研究

本研究旨在建立鸭胚成纤维细胞离体培养、传代以及冷冻保存体系,为鸭胚胎或生殖干细胞的离体培养奠定基础。利用胰酶-EDTA消化鸭胚胎组织,10% FBS+DEME营养液培养,获得原代和传代成纤维细胞。分别用DMSO、甘油以及乙二醇作为冷冻保护剂对F1代鸭胚成纤维细胞进行冷冻保存,检测复苏后细胞的生长情况。利用此方法可以获得高活性的鸭胚成纤维细胞,并可成功传至第三代。其中F1代与F2代细胞活力最好,达到90%以上。3种冷冻剂保存的细胞复苏后均与F1代细胞的活力存在明显差异,均小于80%,其中用DMSO冷冻保存的细胞复苏后活力最强,生长密度保持较好。     

牦牛胎盘滋养层细胞的分离培养

采用联合消化液对妊娠8～10周龄的胎儿胎盘组织进行了消化,获得单细胞悬液,然后将滋养层细胞分离纯化,探索其培养的最适FBS浓度及最适pH,并观察其大体形态、胞核的特点、细胞角蛋白7(Cytokeratin,CK7)和波形蛋白(Vimentin,Vim)表达等。结果显示,牦牛滋养层细胞在pH6.8～7.0、20%FBS的DMEM/F12培养基条件下适宜传代培养;该细胞为上皮样细胞形态,呈片状铺展生长;细胞角蛋白染色阳性,波形蛋白染色阴性;阳性细胞率达90%,台盼蓝排斥试验显示活细胞率超过95%。     

家兔毛乳头细胞的分离、培养和鉴定

毛囊经历周期性生长期,受其基部的真皮乳头细胞调节。本研究用显微切割和二步酶消化相结合的方法处理家兔触须,分离、培养毛乳头细胞,并通过碱性磷酸酶活性检测和蛋白免疫印迹对分离的细胞进行鉴定。结果发现,分离的原代毛乳头细胞呈现向四周放射性贴壁生长,且以长梭形纤维样多极向排列;低代数的毛乳头细胞有明显的凝集性现象,随着代数的增加,凝集性现象越来越不显著,至第10代凝集现象消失,第15代左右细胞停止增殖;经检测,分离的毛乳头细胞有很高的碱性磷酸酶活性,能够表达毛乳头细胞标志性蛋白α-SMA和VIM,表明所分离细胞为家兔的毛乳头细胞,为后期开展毛囊发育的生物学研究提供体外模型。     

The effect of multigenerational diet containing genetically modified triticale on immune system in mice

The safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) food and feed is performed to identify the possible effects upon animal and human health, also the long-term, multigenerational influence upon functioning of different organs and systems, such as the immune system. In this study C57BL/6J mice were fed for five consecutive generations with pellets containing 20% of conventional triticale grain (control) vs. pellets containing 20% of the transgenic triticale grain resistant to BASTA herbicide (experimental). The F5 experimental animals showed enlarged inguinal and axillary lymph nodes, but not spleens, and increased WBC counts in blood (but within the norm for Mus musculus). Immunophenotyped cell suspensions derived from spleens, inguinal and axillaris lymph nodes and PBMCs from blood showed the significant decrease in the percentage of T cells in spleen and lymph nodes and the B cells in lymph nodes and blood of the F5 experimental mice in comparison to the control F5 mice. Immunoblotting analysis of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL- 6, IFN-gamma levels in serum showed significantly increased IL-2 levels and decreased IL-6 levels in the F5-experimental mice sera. No significant changes in the levels of IgE in sera in both mice groups were observed. The obtained results indicate that multigenerational use of feeds for rodents containing the GM-triticale leads to expansion of the B cell compartment in the secondary lymphoid organs, but it is not caused by malignant processes or the allergic response.     

Isolation and monolayer culture of bovine oviduct epithelial cells

Oviduct epithelia obtained from 32 cows were cultured. The oviducts were classified into follicular and luteal phases and divided into ampulla and isthmus regions. The epithelial cells were dissociated by enzyme digestion and cultured in plastic dishes with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 (1:1) containing 10% calf serum. After enzyme treatment, the epithelial suspension showed free ciliated and non-ciliated cells, and cell mass. The non-ciliated cells contained secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The cell mass was composed of ciliated and secretory cells. The cell mass adhered to the dish within 12-24 hr, while the free ciliated cells attached on Day 2 of the culture. The cells grew into confluent monolayers on Day 4. The cell monolayers contained ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The monolayered non-ciliated cells showed a few secretory granules. When the cells were further cultured without subculturing, ciliary activity diminished on Day 5 and was rarely detected on Day 9. When the cells were subcultured on Day 3, ciliary movement was detected on the monolayers for only 2 days. Cell mass that did not adhere to the dish and remained floating in the medium formed ball-like structures on Day 2. Active ciliary beating was observed on the cells that were cultured in the medium supplemented with 10(-5) and 10(-9) M estradiol-17 beta, however, the ciliary activity diminished on Day 5. No difference in the cell growth was observed between the follicular and luteal phases or between the ampulla and isthmus regions.     

羊口疮病毒大足株的分离鉴定

本研究旨在了解重庆地区羊口疮病毒（orf virus，ORFV）流行情况。从重庆大足等地区羊场采集18份临床疑似羊口疮病料，提取病料DNA，经PCR鉴定为ORFV阳性；将阳性病料做常规处理，接种羔羊睾丸细胞（LT），并盲传至5代，观察接毒LT细胞病变，将F5代细胞培养物进行间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）、PCR扩增、测序、同源性比对、遗传进化分析和TCID₅₀测定。结果显示，经PCR检测，18份疑似羊口疮病料ORFV核酸阳性率为61.1%（11/18）；大足株病料接种LT细胞36 h后，长梭型细胞变圆、融合、呈拉网状、皱缩，72 h后大部分细胞脱落；间接免疫荧光试验在显微镜下观察到细胞浆中出现特异性绿色荧光，且荧光绕核分布；F1至F5代细胞培养物经PCR扩增出特异性目的条带，大小为1 137 bp；将测序结果与GenBank中19株ORFV B2L基因进行同源性比对，其核苷酸同源性在97.9%~100%之间，与美国SA00分离株同源性达100%，且遗传进化分析显示处于同一进化分支，亲缘关系较近；测定F5代细胞培养物TCID₅₀值为10^-5.68/0.1 mL，在细胞中能稳定增殖。综上所述，本研究成功分离并获得1株ORFV，为后续ORFV研究提供了生物材料，同时为防控重庆地区的羊口疮奠定基础。     

现代商品仔猪传代肾细胞株的培育与应用研究

细胞系是动物病毒分离培养的重要载体。本研究以现代商品化仔猪肾脏为原始材料,拟培育新的细胞系用于动物病毒的分离和培养。利用胰酶消化法和差速贴壁相结合方法,分离纯化仔猪肾上皮细胞,并在体外进行传代培养和筛选。结果显示,试验成功得到一株可以连续传代的细胞株,命名为SDPK-D,且已在体外连续传代90代。SDPK-D细胞株F33和F83代倍增时间分别为40.9和32.7 h,细胞活率分别为97.55%和98.86%,8 h细胞贴壁率分别为91.67%和97.06%。在该细胞株接种猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪流感病毒（SIV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）阳性病料均出现明显的细胞病变。本研究首次针对现代商品猪培育出一株可以在体外连续传代的细胞株,并对多种动物病毒敏感,为相关动物病毒的分离培养提供了新的细胞系选择。     

Study on Cultivation Research and Preliminary Application of Modern Commercial Piglet Kidney Cell Strain

Cell line was an important carrier for the isolation and culture of animal viruses.In the research, modern commercial piglet kidney was taken as the raw material in order to cultivate a new cell line for isolating and culturing animal viruses. By trypsin digestion and differential velocity adherent combination method,porcine kidney epithelial cells were separated and purified,and then continuously subcultured in vitro. The results showed that a new cell strain named SDPK-D had been serially passaged for 90 generations.The doubling time of SDPK-D cell strain F33 and F83 were 40.9 and 32.7 h,respectively;While the cell viability were 97.55% and 98.86%,the cell adherent rate at the 8 h were 91.67% and 97.06%,respectively. Obvious cytopathic effect appeared after inoculating with PRV,SIV and PEDV positive samples. For the first time, a new cell strain from modern pig named SDPK-D was successfully cultivated,which was sensitive for several animal viruses.It could provid a new selection for the isolation and culture of virus.     

Impact of the event effect in genetic evaluation for ranking traits in horses

In genetic evaluation of horses, the genetic trend does not correspond into a phenotypic trend when using ranking as a phenotype due to its uniform distribution, and some other effects might be absorbing that trend. From a founder population, a further four discrete generations of 100 individuals were simulated under random mating. Then, ten additional discrete generations were simulated by selecting the best 10% of the animals. Likewise, an underlying variable with heritability 0.1 or 0.2, affected by an event environmental influence, generation and permanent environment, was simulated to establish the ranking assignment of 10 random participants or according to the competitive level for each event, in 10 or 100 structured or unstructured events. The ranking trait genetic evaluation model was tested to include or exclude the event effect and the permanent environment effect, depending on the scenario. The results showed that the event effect fitted the different competitive level of each event, leading to a 5% to 23% of selection response improvement for structured competitions. Therefore, the event effect should be included in the genetic evaluation models of horses. The permanent environment fitted or simulated did not significantly improve the selection response. The event effect explained the competition genetic level, by compensating the genetic trend obtained by selection.     

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的原代培养及其生物学特性分析

旨在从奶牛乳腺组织中分离原代乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMECs）并传代培养后探究其生物学特性。本研究从屠宰场采集健康泌乳奶牛乳腺并采用改进的酶消化法从乳腺中分离得到原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,通过形态学观察、免疫荧光以及染色体核型分析的方法对其进行鉴定。同时,研究第3、第6和第9代乳腺上皮细胞的生长曲线、群体倍增时间和冻存复苏活力,检测不同代次细胞分泌乳蛋白、乳脂、乳糖的功能及泌乳相关基因的表达。结果表明,所分离的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞纯度较好,细胞生长呈现S型,3个代次细胞的群体倍增时间依次为34.87、41.45和65.04 h,冻存复苏活力为88%~93%;在细胞分泌功能方面,诱导培养2 d后均能检测到酪蛋白、甘油三酯和乳糖,且各代次间无显著差异;此外,3个代次的细胞诱导后均能表达乳成分合成相关基因。本研究成功培养了原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,并证明直到第9代细胞仍然具有正常的生物学功能,为体外探究乳腺细胞增殖与分化机制提供了良好的试验材料和技术支撑。     

不同浓度海藻肥对高羊茅生长的影响

本研究通过分析高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）种子在施不同浓度（0、2.4、4.8、8.4 和9.6 g·L-1）海藻肥条件下的发芽和生长,以探索出最适宜种子萌发及生长的海藻肥浓度,为我国建植高羊茅草坪中海藻肥的应用提供科学依据和基础数据。结果表明,在5组不同浓度海藻肥处理下,4.8 g·L-1浓度下高羊茅种子发芽率最高,为97.84%,与对照0 g·L-1相比,提高了15.68%（P<0.01）;同时,在4.8 g·L-1浓度处理下,高羊茅的长势和根系体积均最大,分别为0.67 cm·d-1和0.44 mL,且高羊茅的长势与根系体积的变化趋势一致,即随着海藻肥浓度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势,而根冠比则相反;4.8 g·L-1浓度处理下高羊茅鲜草产量和干草产量均最高,分别为148.38和42.45 kg·hm-2,随着海藻肥浓度的增加,鲜草产量和干草产量呈先增加后减小趋势。因此,适宜的海藻肥浓度不仅能提高高羊茅种子的发芽率,还能提前高羊茅种子发芽的启动期,高羊茅生长的最适海藻肥浓度为4.8 g·L-1。     

黑白花奶牛乳腺上皮细胞冻存方法的研究

本试验研究了北方地区黑白花奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的最佳冻存方法。采用内蒙古地区健康黑白花奶牛的新鲜乳腺组织,将组织进行Ⅱ型胶原酶消化后原代培养,培养的细胞经5代纯化后将密度调整为1×106个/mL。采用6种处理方法进行冻存,各设3个重复。液氮冻存1个月后,分别将6种不同方法冻存的细胞复苏后测定细胞活性,包括冻存死亡率、贴壁细胞占活细胞的比率、凋亡率等,同时进行形态学观察。结果显示,处理1组与2、3、5组间冻存死亡率存在极显著差异(P0.01),处理1、4、6组间冻存死亡率无显著差异(P0.05),处理2、6组间冻存死亡率存在极显著差异(P0.01);处理4组的贴比率高于处理2、5、6组,存在极显著差异(P0.01)。形态学观察结果发现,处理1、4组细胞较其它组生长状态良好。因此,处理4可作为黑白花奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的最佳冻存方法。