一株粗糙型牛种布鲁氏菌诱导株的构建及鉴定

本试验旨在研究布鲁氏菌病疫苗的新型研制方法,并通过op诱导剂成功诱导出一株粗糙型牛种布鲁氏菌弱毒株,命名为RB71。试验检测了RB71相关基因的缺失情况,并对其脂多糖完整性、生长特性、遗传稳定性以及在小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）中生存能力等与光滑型菌株进行了比较研究。结果显示,试验成功获得了诱导突变株,其缺失片段大小为15 070 bp;热凝集试验阳性,能被结晶紫染色,吖啶黄凝集试验阳性;对提取脂多糖进行银染,结果显示O链缺失,诱导株RB71脂多糖不完整;连续传代30次,PCR检测未发现基因回复突变;在体外相同培养条件下,诱导株RB71生长速度显著低于亲本株A19;入侵RAW264.7细胞72 h时,其胞内存活率与亲本株相比极显著下降（P<0.01）。综上所述,本试验开发出一种能高效诱导光滑型布鲁氏菌变异为粗糙型布鲁氏菌的试剂及诱导方法,成功获得一株具有良好遗传稳定性的粗糙型减毒布鲁氏菌RB71诱导株,该诱导株在RAW264.7细胞内的存活能力显著变弱,这为新型弱毒布鲁氏菌粗糙型疫苗的研制奠定技术基础。     

三种布鲁氏菌病疫苗株的毒力比较

为系统比较我国现有布鲁氏菌病疫苗株A19、M5和S2的毒力,分别用上述3种疫苗株以1×105CFU/只免疫Balb/c小鼠,免疫后每隔2周采集小鼠脾脏,分离细菌,测定各疫苗株在小鼠脾脏中的存留时间。结果 A19、M5、S2在小鼠体内存活时间依次为14周、大于16周、6周。将以上3种疫苗株分别以1×109CFU/只免疫Hartley豚鼠,15日后测定豚鼠脾脏含菌量,结果 A19、M5、S2免疫后每克脾脏含菌量分别为2.8×104CFU、大于6.7×105CFU、3.8×103CFU。研究结果表明,我国目前使用的布鲁氏菌疫苗中,S2毒力最弱,A19其次,M5最强。     

布鲁氏菌疫苗的研究现状

Brucellosis caused by Brucella is a zoonotic infectious disease, and not only the serious influence to the healthy development of animal husbandry, but also to human health and public health security that exist a lot of threats.To the current prevention and control measures for animal vaccination, domestic and foreign existing multiple weak vaccines, each vaccine has its advantages and disadvantages, there is no vaccine for human currently, the laboratorys have used genetic engineering and other technical means to actively develop new vaccines, such as recombinant attenuated vaccines and marker vaccines, DNA vaccines and so on, this paper introduces the research status of new vaccines.     

4株布鲁氏菌弱毒株对小鼠毒力及免疫保护力的评价

为检测国内外已有的布鲁氏菌疫苗株S19、M5、S2和RB51的胞内存活力、毒力、免疫保护力以及抗体消长水平,将上述4种疫苗株,分别以100:1的MOI侵染小鼠巨噬细胞,结果发现RB51的胞内存活力最强;以1×10~6 CFU/只免疫昆明小白鼠,测定各疫苗株在小鼠脾脏中的定居力,结果发现M5的定居力最强;待疫苗株在小鼠体内被清除后,以1×10~5 CFU/只腹腔接种2308毒株,进行攻毒试验,检测各疫苗株的保护力,结果发现M5的保护效果最好;免疫后连续10周采集血清,用ELISA检测血清中的Ig G滴度、IFN-γ的表达水平及抗体消长水平,结果发现S2、M5组的Ig G水平高于其他组,而各组间的IFN-γ水平差异不显著(P0.05);分别用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和标准试管凝集试验(SAT)检测血清凝集状况,结果发现S2、S19组的抗体持续时间较长;剖检各疫苗株对小鼠脾脏、肝脏、肾脏等组织引起的病理学变化,结果发现M5引起的病变程度最强。     

羊布鲁氏菌疫苗（S2株）口服免疫试验

为了解羊只布鲁氏菌疫苗(S2株)口服免疫的安全性及免疫效果,在甘肃省平凉市2个乡镇,各选1个行政村,选择散养户饲养的264只羊作为试验羊,进行小范围的布鲁氏菌S2株活疫苗口服免疫试验,其中3月龄以上羊只(包括怀孕母羊)每只口服活菌100×2亿,3月龄以下羊每只口服活菌100亿。分别在免疫后的30、60、180、210 d,采集试验羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集(RBT)+试管凝集联合试验(SAT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行血清抗体检测。结果显示:试验组羊只免疫后均未出现异常反应,口服免疫30 d后,试验羊只2种检测方法检测的免疫抗体阳性率分别为47.3%和53.8%,不同时间2种方法的检测结果基本一致(P 0.05)。结果表明,布鲁氏菌S2株活疫苗按照试验剂量免疫安全有效,适用于所有月龄羊只以及怀孕母羊的整群免疫,可先行试点,逐步推广应用。     

家畜布鲁氏菌病相关疫苗的研究进展

布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis),简称布病,是由胞内生存的布鲁氏菌引起的一种严重危害人和家畜健康的人兽共患传染病,可以引起人的波浪热、母畜流产以及公畜睾丸炎等症状,严重阻碍畜牧业的发展,并威胁公共卫生安全,造成重大的经济损失。目前,全球布鲁氏菌病总体呈现逐年上升趋势。我国各省市区均有不同程度的布鲁氏菌病流行。疫苗免疫是布鲁氏菌病的主要防控措施之一。因此,文章就国内外布鲁氏菌疫苗的研究现状及其保护效果进行综述,为布鲁氏菌病疫苗改造和研发提供参考。     

布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别技术研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患传染病,不仅给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,并威胁人类健康。弱毒疫苗免疫是防控布病的重要手段,但弱毒疫苗的使用往往对布病的诊断和监测造成干扰。各国学者利用细菌学、免疫学、分子生物学等技术手段,建立了病原分离鉴定、补体结合试验、利凡诺尔试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、荧光偏振实验、限制性片段长度多态性、PCR、real-time PCR等多种布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别检测方法。研究表明,ELISA和FPT以其高通量以及操作方便的优势,在布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗与野生菌株感染的血清学鉴别诊断方面前景良好;分子生物学特别是PCR、real-time PCR方法目前仍广泛用于布鲁氏菌纯培养物的鉴定。     

牛种布鲁氏菌clpP基因缺失株的毒力和免疫保护力评价

为研究布鲁氏菌clpP基因与细菌毒力的关系,采用同源重组的方法,构建牛种布鲁氏菌clpP基因缺失株,用巨噬细胞RAW264.7感染模型和小鼠感染模型评价clpP基因缺失株的毒力,同时测定该缺失株免疫小鼠后产生的免疫保护力。研究发现:牛种布鲁氏菌clpP基因缺失后,在细胞感染模型和小鼠感染模型中的毒力显著降低;clpP基因缺失株感染小鼠后,不引起脾脏肿胀,并且在脾脏内的持续期短于A19疫苗株,说明该基因缺失株具有更高的安全性;使用clpP基因缺失株免疫小鼠后,该基因缺失株无法抵御牛种布鲁氏菌2308株和羊种布鲁氏菌M28株的感染。本研究为揭示布鲁氏菌致病机制和新型布病疫苗研发提供了参考。     

布鲁氏菌疫苗免疫牛群监测与诊断

通过对免疫A19株疫苗的奶牛群监测,在被检牛血清SAT检测阳性的奶牛乳样中培养分离到疑似布鲁氏菌,经染色及显微镜下观察到布鲁氏菌并诊断。     

Brucella abortus RB51: enhancing vaccine efficacy and developing multivalent vaccines

Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 is an attenuated, stable rough mutant that is being used in many countries to control bovine brucellosis. Our earlier study demonstrated that the protective efficacy of strain RB51 can be significantly enhanced by overexpressing Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), a homologous protective antigen. We have also previously demonstrated that strain RB51 can be engineered to express heterologous proteins and mice vaccinated with such recombinant RB51 strains develop a strong Th1 type of immune response to the foreign proteins. The present study is aimed at combining these two characteristics to generate new recombinant RB51 vaccines with enhanced abilities to protect against brucellosis and simultaneously able to protect against infections by Mycobacterium spp. We constructed two recombinant RB51 strains, RB51SOD/85A which overexpresses SOD with simultaneous expression of the 85A, a protective protein of Mycobacterium spp., and RB51ESAT which expresses ESAT-6, another protective protein of M. bovis, as a fusion protein with the signal sequence and few additional amino terminal amino acids of SOD. Mice vaccinated with these recombinant strains developed specific immune responses to the mycobacterial proteins and significantly enhanced protection against Brucella challenge compared to the mice vaccinated with strain RB51 alone.     

Use of Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 in pregnant cows after calfhood vaccination with strain 19 in Argentina

One hundred and seven pregnant cows, which had been calfhood vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 (S-19) were revaccinated with either S-19 or strain RB51 (S-RB51). All S-19-revaccinated animals seroconverted, while none of the RB51-revaccinated animals seroconverted. Two out of 25 (8%) S-19-revaccinated animals aborted, while none of the 57 RB51-revaccinated group aborted. Four of the S-19-revaccinated animals shed S-19 in the milk for at least 7 days, while only 1 cow shed S-RB51 for at least 3 days (but <7 days) post-parturition. Revaccination of strain 19 calfhood-vaccinated, pregnant cattle with S-RB51 appears to be a safe procedure with no diagnostically negative consequences.     

流产布鲁氏菌omp25基因的克隆与原核表达

用设计的1对特异性引物对流产布鲁氏菌2型CVCC70502株总DNA进行外膜蛋白基因omp25的PCR扩增，得到了1条完整的基因，大小为642bp；测序分析证明，它与国外报道的流产布鲁氏菌omp25基因的核苷酸序列完全一致。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中，经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析，表明重组表达载体构建成功。将此重组质粒转化至宿主菌BL21（DE3）中，用IPTG进行诱导。结果证实，该基因可以在大肠杆菌中表达，表达产物为分子质量约50ku的融合蛋白，与理论推测的蛋白分子质量一致；Western—blotting试验证明，表达蛋白OMP25可被流产布鲁氏菌阳性血清所识别。     

牛布鲁氏菌膜蛋白的免疫抗原筛选

试验旨在通过免疫蛋白质组学筛选布鲁氏菌保护性抗原。利用双向电泳技术对试验条件下培养的布鲁氏菌强毒株544A膜蛋白进行分离,结合Western blotting技术分别用豚鼠、牛抗布鲁氏菌血清寻找发生免疫反应的蛋白质。16个免疫蛋白点经胶内酶切、质谱(LC-MS/MS)进行鉴定。利用生物信息学工具发现这些蛋白不全是膜蛋白,还存在胞质蛋白,其功能涉及生物合成和物质代谢等领域。成功建立了布鲁氏菌膜蛋白的免疫蛋白质组学研究方法,为寻找保护性抗原及为新型疫苗抗原候选提供新思路。     

Evaluation of Brucella abortus DNA and RNA vaccines expressing Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene in cattle

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of a DNA or RNA vaccines encoding Brucella abortus Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cattle. Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA carrying Brucella SOD gene (pcDNA-SOD) into animals elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. Animals injected with pcDNA-SOD developed SOD IgG antibody with predominance of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype over IgG2. In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited a specific T-cell-proliferative response. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of cattle with recombinant Semliki Forest virus particles carrying recombinant RNA encoding SOD (SFV-SOD) did not lead to the induction of SOD IgG 1 or 2 antibody, but induced specific T-cell activation. Both vaccines were able to induce a non-significant secretion of gamma interferon and did not induce the secretion of IL-4 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-. These results suggest that SOD gene in a genetic vaccine formulation (DNA or RNA) might be of potential us as a vaccine to induce cell-mediated immunity in cattle. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate a genetic vaccine against Brucella in cattle.     

鸽副黏病毒灭活疫苗候选株aYQ的生物学特性研究

评价鸽副黏病毒(PPMV)致弱毒株aYQ的生物学特性,为研制鸽副黏病毒灭活疫苗奠定基础。将PPMV aYQ株经SPF鸡胚连续传代,建立种子批。测定各代次毒种的血凝效价(HA)和鸡胚半数感染量(EID50),并进行纯净性检验;测定毒种鸡胚最小致死量的平均死亡时间(MDT)、1日龄鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)和6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数(IVPI);测定毒种对鸡胚和鸽的毒力、遗传稳定性和抗原相关性。PPMV aYQ株经SPF鸡胚传代至F10,HA效价为1∶256～1∶512,病毒含量为10-8.5 EID50/0.1mL～10-8.9 EID50/0.1mL,毒种各代次均无细菌、霉菌、支原体以及外源病毒污染;PPMV aYQ株的ICPI和IVPI结果均为0,MDT测定结果大于120h;以103倍稀释的PPMV aYQ株病毒液接种10日龄SPF鸡胚96h无死亡,无眼观病变。以106EID50/羽的剂量人工感染鸽,未见异常症状;PPMV aYQ株各代次F基因均未发生基因突变,F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列均为-112GRQGRL 117-;交叉血凝抑制试验和交叉中和试验结果表明,PPMV aYQ株与NDV La Sota株间存在明显的抗原性差异。鸽副黏病毒弱毒株aYQ能够在SPF鸡胚上稳定传代,且生物学特性稳定,免疫原性良好,可以作为鸽源副黏病毒灭活疫苗的毒种。     

中国牛种布鲁菌弱毒疫苗株A19 SNP位点的研究

为鉴别我国牛种布鲁菌弱毒疫苗株A19与野生菌株,运用生物信息学方法结合基因测序,对疫苗株A19基因组SNP位点分析筛选,选取其中部分SNP位点,通过与布鲁菌常见种、生物型标准参考菌株和弱毒疫苗株基因组SNP位置核苷酸测序比较,验证SNP位点的A19特异性。结果表明,共筛选获得A19基因组29个SNP位点,验证ClpX G825-C825、LysR A605-C605、Omp2b G503-A503这3个SNP位点为A19（或S19）特异,揭示了A19基因组SNP位点分布情况,为疫苗株 A19与野生菌株鉴别提供了分子依据。     

Global metabolomic analysis of blood from mice infected with Brucella abortus

To better understanding Brucella abortus infection, serum metabolites of B. abortus-infected and -uninfected mice were analyzed and twenty-one metabolites were tentatively identified at 3 and 14 days post-infection (d.p.i.). Level of most lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) was found to increase in infected mice at 3 d.p.i., while it was decreased at 14 d.p.i. as compared to uninfected mice. In contrast, acylcarnitines were initially reduced at 3 d.p.i then elevated after two-weeks of infection, while hydroxysanthine was increased at 14 d.p.i. in infected mice. Our findings suggest that the significant changes in LPCs and other identified metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers in acute phase of B. abortus infection.     

Cu/Zn SOD蛋白在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中的过表达及鉴定

以Cu/Zn SOD为目的基因,通过基因工程技术分别构建了组成型过表达系统pBBR-trc-sod和诱导型过表达系统pBBR-lacPtrc-sod,在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中进行了Cu/Zn SOD的过表达。同时,以大肠杆菌为宿主表达纯化的重组Cu/Zn SOD蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,对2种过表达系统中Cu/Zn SOD蛋白的表达量进行分析。结果显示,诱导型Cu/Zn SOD过表达系统的表达量更高,且能与所制备的多抗发生特异性反应。结果表明,构建的过表达系统能够实现Cu/Zn SOD蛋白在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中过表达;同时,该试验也提示我们这种表达系统可应用于布鲁菌S19疫苗的抗原改造。