环丙沙星与TMP联用增效作用试验观察

环丙沙星+TMP(复方环丙沙星、百病消炎灵)较单用环丙沙星抗菌谱广、抗菌活性增强。对4种畜禽常见病菌的体外抑菌试验表明:抑菌环直径(mm)基本相似的情况下,联用药浓度为单用药的1/3;最小抑菌浓度(MICg/mL)明显小于单用药(环丙沙星)。对鸡大肠杆菌病治疗试验可见:联用药治疗有效率95%,单用药治疗有效率91%(P<0.05,差异显著)。二因子三水平正交试验,结果表明环丙沙星与TMP最佳配比为1∶1时,抗菌活性最强,抗菌效果最好。     

乳过氧化物酶对常见食品污染菌的抑制作用

分别采用分光光度法、菌体量法及孔扩散法研究了乳过氧化物酶（简写LP）对细菌和霉菌的抑菌活性及LP浓度、pH值和温度对抑菌活性的影响。结果表明：LP对于各供试菌均有很好的抑菌效果。其中，LP对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和产黄青霉的抑制作用最显著，5μg／mL就能完全抑制他们的生长；在中性偏酸性环境中的抑菌活性比碱性环境的抑菌活性强；一定温度内处理不影响LP的抑菌活性；在中性条件下抑制供试革兰氏阴性菌和霉菌的能力强于Nisin。     

3种抗菌药对沙门氏菌的体外联合抑菌试验

采用2倍稀释法测定氟苯尼考、氧氟沙星及TMP等3种抗菌药物对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用棋盘法测定3种抗菌药物的两两联合对沙门氏菌的体外抑菌效果。试验结果显示:氟苯尼考、氧氟沙星、TMP对沙门氏菌最小抑菌浓度MIC分别为8μg/mL、1μg/mL、256μg/mL;氟苯尼考与TMP联合表现为协同作用,氟苯尼考与氧氟沙星为无关作用,氧氟沙星与TMP为拮抗作用,表明氟苯尼考和TMP可联合应用于治疗畜禽的沙门氏菌感染。     

15味中草药对5种临床分离菌株的体外抑菌效果观察

本试验采用平板打孔检测了6个不同稀释浓度的15味中草药对临床分离的5株常见细菌的抑菌效果。结果显示：中草药浓度为1．00g／mL时,供试菌中的G＋细菌—金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌和链球菌一对百部、金银花、鱼腥草、连翘、黄柏、紫草、大青叶都表现为极敏。总体而言,15味中草药对G＋细菌的抑菌效果要明显的优于对G-细菌的抑菌效果。     

茶树油对三种常见致病菌的体外抑菌活性研究

为了确定茶树油的体外抑菌敏感度和最低体外抑菌浓度,本试验抑菌剂选择茶树油,供试菌选择沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,进行体外抑菌试验,并测定茶树油原液的抑菌圈以及不同稀释度的茶树油和1.5×108 cfu/ml菌悬液混合培养后在600 nm波长处的光密度值.试验结果表明,茶树油在3种细菌中对金黄色葡萄球菌最为敏感,...     

构树叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及机理研究

为了研究构树叶提取物的抑菌作用及其机理,以金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,采用牛津杯法测定构树叶提取物的抑菌效果,通过测定供试菌生长曲线、细胞膜渗透性和蛋白质合成来研究构树叶提取物的抑菌机理。结果表明,构树叶水提取物和75%乙醇提取物抑菌圈直径分别为17.5和18.0 mm,最小抑菌浓度均为6.8 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度均为12.50 mg/mL。构树提取物能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白质合成,从而抑制其生长,但对其细胞膜的通透性影响不大。因此,构树叶提取物通过抑制金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白质合成发挥其抑菌效果。     

罗红霉素和TMP对鸡败血霉形体的联合药敏试验

本实验是为了探讨罗红霉素和TMP对鸡败血霉形体的联合药敏作用,从而为在临床应用提供依据.首先通过体外抑菌实验测定了罗红霉素(Roxithromycin)和TMP对鸡败血霉形体BG44T株的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),然后测定了两种药物联合用药时的FIC指数(fractional inhibitory concentration,FIC).鸡败血霉形体颜色变化单位的测定是采用十倍稀释法,单药MIC的测定采用试管二倍稀释法,罗红霉素和TMP的联合抑菌试验的FIC指数是采用棋盘法测定的.试验重复三次,以平均值作为试验结果.体外MIC结果测定表明罗红霉素对鸡败血霉形体的BG44T株高度敏感,其MIC值为0.0078 μg/ml.而TMP对鸡败血霉形体的BG44T株不敏感,其MIC值为32 μg/ml;两种药物联合时的FIC指数为1.5,结果为无关作用.     

海南沿海羊栖菜和海带不同提取物的抑菌活性

本实验以金黄色葡萄球菌(St aphyl occoccus aureaus Rosenbach)、大肠埃希菌(Escheri-chi a col i)2种需氧型细菌作为供试细菌,用圆形纸片法对羊栖菜和海带的无菌水、乙醚和乙醇提取物进行抑菌试验。结果表明:采用水提法、95%乙醇浸提取法和乙醚索氏提取法均能从羊栖菜和海带中提取出活性物质,提取回收率依次为水提法>乙醇提法>乙醚提法;比较对羊栖菜和海带3种不同提取方法得出:乙醇提取物对两种菌体的抑菌活性相对水提物和乙醚提取物较好,且乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯相对水相抑菌活性较好;比较羊栖菜和海带乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯相的MIC得出:海带对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC相对羊栖菜较低,抑菌效果较好。     

中草药复方制剂QWS抑菌作用试验研究

用固体培养基稀释法对８种细菌进行了中草药复方制剂ＱＷＳ的体外抑菌试验。结果表明，ＱＷＳ煎剂、浸剂经高压后对大肠埃希氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽霍乱巴氏杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌等具有抑菌作用，其抑菌药物最低浓度为１∶１６０。ＱＷＳ煎剂、浸剂、粉剂不经高压对大肠埃希氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽霍乱巴氏杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌具有很好的抑菌作用，其中以粉剂抑菌作用最好，对以上细菌，药物最低抑菌浓度在１∶６４０以上。而且粉剂对煎剂、浸剂（高压后和不高压）抑菌效果较差的金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、猪丹毒杆菌也有较好的抑菌作用，其药物最低抑菌浓度达１∶１６０。     

氟苯尼考体外抗菌活性测定

应用微量稀释法测定了氟苯尼考和TMP对11株畜合常见病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明，氟苯尼考对11株病原体有较强的抗菌活性，其MIC值均小于8μg／mL，联合药敏实验结果表明，氟苯尼考与TMP联用后，对大多数细菌的抑菌效果呈协同或相加作用，无拮抗现象。     

Study on the Effect of the Rosemarinic Acid Combined with Antibacterial Agents on the Bacterial with Gene fosA3

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid.     

迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合对含fosA3基因细菌抑菌效果的研究

试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。     

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components

The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay. In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. For organic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was most sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binary combinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. In vitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organic acids against B. hyodysenteriae.     

抗菌药物联合应用对霉形体的药效学研究

本研究采用试管肉汤稀释法和棋盘法测定了１７种抗菌药物单独或几种药联合对鸡败血霉形体Ｓ＿６株（ＭＧＳ＿６）的最低抑菌和最低杀菌浓度．结果表明，ＭＧＳ＿６对北里霉素、四环素、红霉素、氟哌酸等高度敏感；四环素类与ＴＭＰ联合呈现协同作用。对实验性感染ＭＧＳ＿６的病鸡进行联合用药治疗试验，初步筛选出几个有良好治疗作用的联合用药配方。本研究是对联合应用抗菌药物治疗实验性鸡败血霉形体病进行的初步探讨，对防治本病具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

纳米材料抗菌性能的研究

试验以硒化铜粉体作为抗菌剂,选用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为试验菌种,采用抑菌圈法、最低抑菌浓度法、最低杀菌浓度法对纳米材料的抗菌性能进行了定性和定量研究。抑菌圈试验结果表明,硒化铜具有良好的抗菌性能。最低抑菌浓度试验结果表明,硒化铜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度均为30 mg/L。最低杀菌浓度结果表明,硒化铜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低杀菌浓度分别为220,180 mg/L,当达到该浓度时灭菌率均可达到99%以上。     

Bacteriostatic Test in vitro of Traditional Chinese Medicine Radix Dichroa Powder on Common Pathogens

The purpose of this study was to indicate the antibacterial effect of traditional Chinese medicine Radix dichroa powder (RDP) in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RDP for 12 pathogens were determined by two fold dilution method and agar dilution method, and the dose-effect relationship of antibiotic effect was studied, and the antimicrobial effect was also observed by Oxford-cup method. The results from two fold dilution method indicated that RDP had stronger inhibited effect to Streptococcus and Bacillus subtilis (MIC were from 15.6 to 62.5 mg/mL) than that of S. aureus (MIC was about 250 mg/mL), Enterobacteria (MIC was about 500 mg/mL) and fungi (MIC > 500 mg/mL); The results of agar dilution method showed that RDP had some antibacterial activities on Proteusbacillus vulgaris, Candida albicans And aspergillus niger, MIC was about 500 mg/mL, while it had weak antibacterial effect on other pathogens (MIC > 500 mg/mL). The results of Oxford-cup method showed that RDP (500 mg/mL) had some degree antimicrobial effect on pathogens, and the bacteria-inhibiting ring diameter of RDP not exceeded 10 mm, while drug-action ring was observed obviously around the Oxford-cup, and the number of bacteria was significantly decreased within the ring. In conclusion, RDP had some degree antibacterial effect on common pathogens, but the effects were not strong because of charicteristics of RDP itself and lower effective content.     

中药水提物及其复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果

为了评价中药及其复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,取乌梅、五倍子、山茱萸、黄芩等30种中药,通过试管二倍稀释法测定中药水提物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）与最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并筛选出抗菌作用较强的中药水提物与其他中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、薄荷、五味子、青蒿、秦皮对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用,其中五倍子对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最强（MIC为6.25 mg/mL）,而五味子和乌梅对大肠杆菌杀菌活性最强（MBC为50 mg/mL）。选取9种中药水提物作为主药与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用明显增强。     

中药常山散的体外抑菌作用研究

试验旨在研究中药常山散的体外抑菌活性。分别采用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板稀释法及营养琼脂稀释法对选用的12种致病菌进行抑菌试验,测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,进行抗菌作用量效关系研究,并通过牛津杯法观察药物抑菌效果。试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法结果表明,常山散对链球菌属和芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果较强,MIC在15.6~62.5 mg/mL之间;对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠杆菌有较弱的抑菌作用,MIC在250~500 mg/mL之间;对真菌的抑菌作用最弱,MIC值 > 500 mg/mL,其抑菌强度大小依次为：链球菌属、芽孢杆菌、肠杆菌、真菌。营养琼脂稀释法结果表明,常山散对变形杆菌、白色念珠菌及黑曲霉具有一定的抑菌作用,MIC约为500 mg/mL,而对其他链球菌属、肠杆菌属及芽孢杆菌属细菌的抑菌效果较弱,MIC值均 > 500 mg/mL。牛津杯法抑菌活性研究结果显示,常山散药液（500 mg/mL）对12种菌均有一定的抑菌效果,但抑菌效果较弱,绝大多数抑菌环直径≤10 mm。牛津杯周围可见明显的药物作用圈,作用圈内细菌数量较其他部位明显减少。综合以上试验结果,中药常山散对常见致病菌均具有一定抑菌效果,但由于药物本身的特性及有效组分含量较低,其抑菌作用效果较弱。     

鹅巴氏杆菌病病原分离鉴定及中西药联用抑菌试验

应用常规分离鉴定技术,对湛江市某养鹅场的病鹅进行病原分离与鉴定,采用水提法制备中药药液,通过试管二倍稀释法测定各中药药液和抗菌药对病原菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,同时测定中药与西药联用对病原菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,分离的病原菌符合巴氏杆菌的生化特性;中药与西药联用抑菌和杀菌能力均大于或等于单药,恩诺沙星与五倍子联用,恩诺沙星用量为单药的1/4、五倍子用量为单药的1/8即可抑制巴氏杆菌;酒石酸泰乐菌素与夏枯草联用,酒石酸泰乐菌素用量为单药的1/16、夏枯草用量为单药的1/4即可抑菌;酒石酸泰乐菌素与五倍子联合,酒石酸泰乐菌素用量为单药的1/4即能杀菌。     

抗生素与中草药联用对猪链球菌体外抑菌活性分析

为观察中草药与抗菌药物联用对猪链球菌的体外抑菌效果,用试管二倍稀释法,分别测定4种中草药水提取物、4种抗菌药物及中草药和抗菌药物的多个配伍对猪链球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果显示,所选中草药抗菌药物及其联合用药对猪链球菌均有较好的抑制作用,且联合用药的抗菌作用表现为部分增强,其中对猪链球菌作用最明显的配伍是黄柏＋氨苄西林、石榴皮＋氨苄西林,野菊花＋氨苄西林、中药复方＋氨苄西林、石榴皮＋青霉素G和黄柏＋壮观霉素,其最小抑菌浓度为0.977 mg/mL。