马铃薯叶肉原生质体电融合参数优化及杂种植株再生

以马铃薯栽培种“中薯2号”的无性系3^#、8^#和野生种Solanum chacoense叶肉原生质体为融合试材,优化马铃薯高效融合的电融合参数。研究表明,在交变电场(AC)100V／cm、AC作用时间20s、直流脉冲电压(DC)1100V／cm、DC脉冲时间60μs、脉冲数1次时,双核融合率可达40％以上。融合产物经过4-5个月的培养获得再生植株。对首先再生的15个株系通过RAPD标记检测,证明均为体细胞杂种。所用引物C-01能够同时扩增出杂种植株中双单倍体亲本1100bp和670bp的特征带以及野生种．S.chacoense亲本510bp的特征带。     

原生质体融合技术在马铃薯育种中的应用

马铃薯野生种具有丰富的抗性目的基因,但因其与栽培种之间的胚乳平衡数不同而很难通过有性杂交把目的基因导入到栽培品种中。原生质体融合技术可实现将野生种的目的基因导入到栽培品种中,从而创造新种质、获得新品种。本文通过将有关文献和本人的实验数据相结合,主要对马铃薯原生质体融合技术、原生质体融合体的筛选以及抗性标记因子图谱等领域进行了综述。     

Inheritance of steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tuber flesh

Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop worldwide after wheat and rice in terms of human consumption. A critical domestication trait for potato was the decrease of toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs) in tuber flesh. Here, we used a diploid F_2 segregating population derived from a cross between S. tuberosum and the wild potato species Solanum chacoense to map the quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with the regulation of SGAs content in tuber flesh. In a three-year study, we identified two QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 8 affecting SGAs content in tuber flesh. The QTL on chromosome 8 harbors 38 genes that are co-expressed with the GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM genes. These findings lay the foundation for exploiting the genes controlling SGAs content in tuber flesh and they provide a theoretical basis for the use of wild germplasm in potato breeding.     

菊属种间杂种若干花器官性状的表现

【目的】研究菊属种间杂种部分花器管性状的遗传表现,为远缘杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】对二倍体野生种甘菊、菊花脑和异色菊,四倍体野菊,同源四倍体菊花脑,栽培菊花（六倍体及其非整倍体）及其种间杂种F1代的花器官性状进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析。【结果】杂种总平均舌状花数目、筒状花数目和花序直径分别相当于亲中值的112.4%、108.0%、118.6%,且从二倍体物种组合到二倍体与四倍体组合再到二倍体、四倍体与栽培菊花组合,平均舌状花数目、筒状花数目和花序直径杂种优势逐渐降低,但二倍体野生种组合的筒状花数目除外。【结论】F1代的舌状花数目、筒状花数目和花序直径具杂种优势;栽培菊花比二倍体、四倍体的花色遗传能力强,白色、紫色遗传能力大于黄色;平盘型遗传能力比单窄瓣型强;多瓣型遗传能力比单瓣型强。     

类番茄茄(Solanum lycopersicoides)抗病性鉴定

类番茄茄是茄属中番茄近缘野生种 ,对番茄遗传改良具有潜在价值。苗期接种鉴定和电镜病毒粒子检测。结果表明 ,类番茄茄高抗 CMV(重花叶株系 )、叶霉病 (1.2 .3小种 )和 TMV(1株系 ) ;同时 ,作者对在生产中应用高抗TMV材料时应注意的问题还提出了个人见解     

Evaluation of some Newly Developed Diploid Hybrids and their Breeding Value in 4x-2x Crosses

1　Introduction　　The common potato,Solanum tuberosum L.( tbr,2 n=4 x=4 8) ,is a tetrasomic tetroploidwith a very narrow genetic base( Howard,1 970 ) h,to a large extent,limits the progress innew cultivar development.Fortunately,there are still rich germplasm in South America,theorigin center of potato.Potato has approximately 2 2 6 related tuber- bearing species( Harwkes,1 990 ) ,which constitute important reservoirs of genes for resistance to adversebiotic and abiotic stresses.Most of th…     

谷类作物胚乳品质性状的QTL分析方法

将胚乳性状的遗传特点与迭代重新加权最小平方QTL作图法相结合,提出了一种可直接对受三倍体遗传控制的胚乳数量性状进行QTL作图的统计方法,通过模拟试验验证了其有效性。此方法可扩展到更为复杂的遗传模型,如同时受三倍体胚乳基因型和二倍体母体基因型控制的胚乳性状的QTL作图。     

胚乳性状的双列模型及其分析

胚乳是一种三倍体组织,而且第n世代植株上产生的胚乳已是第n+1世代。因而,胚乳性状的遗传表达显然不同于二倍体性状。本文根据p~2双列交配设计下胚乳性状的世代及其特征,建立了胚乳的双列数量模型,并提出了相应于这些模型的Vr-Wr分析和遗传参数估计的程序。     

高粱同源四倍体与二倍体胚胎发育的比较Ⅱ：胚及胚乳发育的比较

观察了高梁同源四倍体与地倍体受精后胚及乳发育的全过程。四倍体高梁在受精后胚胎发育的进程上均较其二倍体母体滞后，而且四倍体胚胎的发育在进度上很不整齐。     

Donors of resistance to potato golden nematode pathotype Ro1 derived from Solanum alandiae card

Clones of interspecific potato hybrids resistant to golden nematode have been created on the basis of wild species Solanum alandiae previously unused in breeding. The genetic nature of resistance is investigated by hybridological analysis and PCR marker technique.     

宿迁市区野生攀援植物园林开发利用价值综合评价

通过对宿迁市区不同类型绿地形式进行实地踏查,初步发现14种观赏价值较高的野生攀援植物,利用层次分析法（AHP）综合考虑外观质量、生态质量、使用质量、资源潜力对其园林开发利用价值评价分析,结果显示：开发利用价值列Ⅰ级的有2种,为萝藦和圆叶牵牛,开发利用价值为Ⅱ级的有4种,分别是裂叶牵牛、千金藤、鸡矢藤和白英,评价等级为Ⅲ级的有6种,Ⅳ级的有2种。     

草莓属植物染色体核型分析

[目的]分析二倍体野生种草莓的核型,为探讨草莓的起源、进化及遗传育种研究提供依据。[方法]对草莓属（Fragaria）植物4个二倍体种森林草莓（F.vesca L.）、纤细草莓（F.gracilis A.Los.）、黄毛草莓（F.nilgerrensis Schidl）和五叶草莓（F.pentaphylla A.Los.）进行了核型分析。[结果]纤细草莓的核型为2n=2x=14=10m＋2sm＋2m＊,属1B类型;黄毛草莓为2n=2x=14=14m,属1A类型;五叶草莓为2n=2x=14=12m＋2sm,属1A类型;森林草莓为2n=2x=14=14m,属1A类型。[结论]草莓二倍体及品种核型对称性为：黄毛草莓〉森林草莓〉五叶草莓〉纤细草莓,供试草莓种的亲缘进化顺序可能为黄毛草莓、森林草莓、五叶草莓、纤细草莓。     

茄子种质资源的ISSR遗传多样性分析

利用ISSR分子标记分析茄子种质多样性,从100条引物中筛选出20条能够扩增出多态性条带稳定清晰的ISSR引物,对48份茄子材料的DNA进行扩增,共获得了186条谱带,其中多态性带153条(占所有谱带的82.2%).利用UPGMA法建立了48份茄子及其近缘野生种间的遗传关系聚类图.聚类结果表明,48份供试种质间的遗传相似系数分布在0.52～0.98之间,可将其分为5大类群.其中又将44份栽培品种分为5组,其品种间相似遗传系数在0.84～0.98之间,表明栽培品种的遗传背景比较窄.聚类结果与茄子的果形以及地理来源有一定的相关性,而与果色呈现不完全相关.     

梅染色体研究

为了研究梅染色体,鉴定梅品种资源的倍数性,为梅分类起源和遗传育种提供细胞学依据,该文采用“去壁低渗法”对我国９个省区梅５个变种,２个变型,１０８个栽培品种的染色体数目进行了观察．首次发现原产我国的云南杏梅是二倍体２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６,但有９．５％的四倍体２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２细胞．江苏南京的‘迟红’梅品种是二倍体和四倍体的嵌合体,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２．其余供试材料均为二倍体２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６．     

小麦、黑麦未成熟胚乳植株的诱导

本试验以 MS 培养基为基础,调节生长素与细胞分裂素的不同浓度,诱导了小麦及黑麦未成熟胚乳长成了植株。     

Cytological Behavior of Hybridization Barriers Between Oryza sativa and Oryza officinalis

Oryza officinalis is one of the important wild species in the tertiary gene pool of Oryza sativa.It has a number of elite genes for rice breeding in resistance or tolerance.However,breeding barriers are so serious that the gene transfer is much difficult by sexual cross method between O.sativa and O.officinalis.Characteristics of the breeding barriers were systemically studied in this paper.When both the diploid (AA,2n=2x=24) and autotetraploid (AAAA,2n=4x=48) cultivated rice were crossed as maternal parents with O.officinalis (CC,2n=2x=24),none F1 hybrid seeds were obtained.The young hybrid ovaries aborted at 13-16 d after pollinations (DAP).By rescuing hybrid embryos,in vitro F1 plantlets were obtained in 2x×2x combinations with the crossabilities lower than 0.5％.Lower rates of double-fertilization and abnormal development of hybrid embryo and endosperm were mainly observed in both combinations of 2x×2x and 4xx2x.Free endosperm nuclei in hybrid degenerated early at 1 DAP in a large scale.Almost no normal endosperm cells formed at 3 DAP.Development of a lot of embryos ceased at globular- or pear-shaped stage as well as some degenerated gradually.The hybrid plantlets were both male and female sterility.Due to the abnormal development,a diversity of abnormal embryo sacs formed in hybrids,and hybrid pollen grains were typically abortive.It showed that conflicts ofgenome A and C in hybrid induced abnormal meioses of meiocytes.     

番茄果实颜色相关MYB转录因子的基因表达研究

在番茄果实颜色发育过程中,转录因子参与其中。在源于番茄野生种Solanum lycopersicoides的导入系群体中,发现了1个黄果突变体,以红果亲本番茄及该黄果突变体为遗传材料,通过数字基因表达谱测序及RT-PCR,对MYB转录因子的表达模式进行研究。筛选到多个与果实颜色相关的差异表达MYB转录因子,并进行了半定量RT-PCR验证。     

Zea diploperennis (Gramineae): A New Teosinte from Mexico

A perennial teosinte or "wild maize" endemic to the Cerro de San Miguel, Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco, Mexico differs from Zea perennis by dimorphic rhizomes, robust habit, and a larger number of longer, laxer tassel branches. The fact that it is a diploid (2n = 20) has taxonomic and agronomic significance. The seeds are used locally for food.     

野生抗病茄植株腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌的化感作用研究

研究野生抗病茄植株腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)的化感作用,探讨野生茄子的化感作用利用途径。采用生长速率法和悬滴法,测试了托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum)、刺茄(Solanum surattense,CRP)、赤茄(Solanum integriflium)、刚果茄(Solanum sisymbriiflium)4种野生抗病茄(以下分别简称TL、CI、CH和GG)的根、茎、叶腐解物及叶片浸提物的乙醇提取液对茄子黄萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:供试腐解物提取液对茄子黄萎病菌均具有一定的化感抑制作用。腐解物对菌丝生长的化感抑制作用为叶>根>茎,而对孢子萌发的化感抑制作用叶>茎>根。其中,各试材叶腐解物对菌丝生长的化感作用为GG>TL>CI>CH,对孢子萌发的化感作用为GG>CI>CH>TL。各试材叶片浸提物对菌丝生长的化感作用为TL>CH>CI>GG,这与腐解物的化感作用并不一致。4种常用作嫁接砧木的野生抗病茄叶片腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌均具有较好的抑制作用,可以用于田间防病试验。土壤微生物与植物试材的相互作用是腐解物表现化感抑菌作用的原因之一。     

作物复交方式复杂遗传模型的构建与扩展

根据广义遗传模型的建模原理,以复交方式的交配设计为基础,扩展了三交和双交组合的加性-显性-上位性模型,包括胚、胚乳、细胞质、母体效应4套遗传体系的种子模型;并系统地构建了三(双)交组合的主基因-多基因混合遗传模型.