Novel Role for Phycoerythrin in a Marine Cyanobacterium, Synechococcus Strain DC2

Cyanobacterial picoplankton contribute substantially to oceanic primary productivity. The colored protein phycoerythrin is the major component of their light-harvesting apparatus. It was found that in Synechococcus strain DC2 a variable proportion of the light energy absorbed by phycoerythrin is lost as autofluorescence and therefore is not passed to a photoreaction center. Phycoerythrin may serve two functionally distinct roles in this organism: as a nitrogen reserve and as a collector of quanta for photosynthesis.     

Intracellular absorption difference spectrum of Limulus extra-ocular photolabile pigment

Microspectrophotometric measurements on single cell bodies located on the surface of the"lateral olfactory nerve" of Limulus polyphemus show they contain a photolabile pigment with a absorption-difference spectrum similar in shape to that of most other visual pigments and with a maximum absorption at 529 +/- 5 nanometers.     

Far red bioluminescence from two deep-sea fishes

Spectral measurements of red bioluminescence were obtained from the deep-sea stomiatoid fishes Aristostomias scintillans (Gilbert) and Malacosteus niger (Ayres). Red luminescence from suborbital light organs extends to the near infrared, with peak emission at approximately 705 nanometers in the far red. These fishes also have postorbital light organs that emit blue luminescence with maxima between 470 and 480 nanometers. The red bioluminescence may be due to an energy transfer system and wavelength-selective filtering.     

一种新的藻红蛋白的亚基组成分析

经盐析、离子交换层析、羟基磷灰石吸附层析和凝胶过滤层析等分离纯化,从珊瑚藻中分离纯化出R-藻红蛋白(R-PE).对其分子质量和亚基组成进行研究,结果表明:R-PE的分子质量为194ku,而目前报道的R-藻红蛋白分子质量为240ku;α、β亚基分子质量均为20ku左右,γ亚基分子质量约为31ku,推测的亚基组成为(αβ)4γ[不同于其他红藻中(αβ)6γ的藻红蛋白组成].     

Fluorometric examination of a lunar sample

We have been unable to detect porphyrins in 13 grams of the bulk fine lunar sample from the Sea of Tranquillity under conditions in which less than 10-(1J) mole per gram of lunar sample could have been detected. By appropriate extraction, however, the lunar sample yields a material which exhibits absorption maxima at 310 and 350 nanometers and a fluorescence maximum at 410 nanometers.     

Prolonged color blindness induced by intense spectral lights in rhesus monkeys

Prolonged exposure of rhesus monkeys to intense blue light produces long-term changes which are consistent with loss of response of those cones that contain a photopigment with peak absorption at 445 nanometers. The 90 percent reduction of spectral sensitivity in the blue region has lasted more than 5 months. Reduced sensitivity to long wavelengths is produced by adaptation to light of 520 nanometers. This reduced sensitivity, which lasts no more than 30 days, is attributed to a temporary loss of response of the cones containing a photopigment with peak absorption at 535 nanometers.     

Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的工艺研究

[目的]建立Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的工艺方法并验证其放大可行性。[方法]通过对洗脱条件、上样体积以及洗脱流速的优化,确定最佳分离工艺条件;在确定的工艺条件下,将上样体积与柱体积等比例放大。[结果]Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:将30 ml坛紫菜提取液加载到8 ml Q Sepharose FF柱上,以1 ml/min的流速使用添加0-0.10-0.35-1.00 mol/L NaCl的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)分步洗脱,收集0.35 mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱时的色谱峰。在此条件下R-藻红蛋白的回收率和纯度系数(A565/A280)分别为44.3和1.15。按照该工艺,将75 ml藻红蛋白提取液加载到20 ml Q Sepharose FF柱上进行分离,发现分离效果没有发生明显变化。[结论]使用Q Sepharose FF介质能够分离坛紫菜提取液中的藻红蛋白且该工艺易于放大。     

Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的工艺研究(英文)

[目的]建立Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的工艺方法并验证其放大可行性。[方法]通过对洗脱条件、上样体积以及洗脱流速的优化,确定最佳分离工艺条件;在确定的工艺条件下,将上样体积与柱体积等比例放大。[结果]Q Sepharose FF分离藻红蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:将30ml坛紫菜提取液加载到8ml Q Sepharose FF柱上,以1ml/min的流速使用添加0-0.10-0.35-1.00mol/LNaCl的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH6.0)分步洗脱,收集0.35mol/LNaCl溶液洗脱时的色谱峰。在些条件下,R-藻红蛋白的回收率和纯度系数(A565/A280)分别为44.3和1.15。按照该工艺,将75ml藻红蛋白提取液加载到20ml Q Sepharose FF柱上进行分离,发现分离效果没有发生明显变化。[结论]使用Q Sepharose FF介质能够分离坛紫菜提取液中的藻红蛋白且该工艺易于放大。     

Spectral tuning of pigments underlying red-green color vision

Variations in the absorption spectra of cone photopigments over the spectral range of about 530 to 562 nanometers are a principal cause of individual differences in human color vision and of differences in color vision within and across other primates. To study the molecular basis of these variations, nucleotide sequences were determined for eight primate photopigment genes. The spectral peaks of the pigments specified by these genes spanned the range from 530 to 562 nanometers. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of these eight pigments suggest that three amino acid substitutions produce the approximately 30-nanometer difference in spectral peaks of the pigments underlying human red-green color vision, and red shifts of specific magnitudes are produced by replacement of nonpolar with hydroxyl-bearing amino acids at each of the three critical positions.     

基于高光谱吸收特征参数以及光谱吸收指数的藻类叶绿素a反演分离模型研究

利用ASD地物光谱仪对不同浓度下小球藻、聚球藻及其混合藻的反射光谱进行测量,得到3组藻类在不同叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度下的反射光谱,同时进行了Chl-a浓度测量。利用Matlab软件神经网络模型中的径向基函数对得到的高光谱数据进行高光谱曲线拟合,在拟合结果基础上,提取小球藻在652nm处、聚球藻在609nm处以及混合藻在652nm和609nm处的光谱吸收指数(SpectralAbsorptionFeatureParameter,SAFP)建立了两种单一藻类的定量模型,单一小球藻Chl-a最优定量模型为吸收峰深度模型Chl-a=10.059e713.97H,聚球藻的Chl-a最优定量模型为吸收峰斜率模型Chl-a=3×1012K2+1×107K+56.555。并在对两种单一藻类的定量模型研究基础上用光谱吸收指数对该两种藻的混合藻进行了Chl-a浓度分离。通过对比模型计算结果的均方根误差(RootMeanSquareError,RMSE),除吸收峰对称度模型分离结果不太理想外,吸收峰深度分离模型、吸收峰斜率分离模型、吸收峰光谱吸收指数(SAI)分离模型的分离结果都很好,分离效果最好的为SAI分离模型。     

Self-arrangement of molybdenum particles into cubes

An unusual distribution of particle sizes has been observed following the formation of molybdenum particles by argon ion sputtering. Many of the molybdenum particles produced by sputtering at the threshold pressure for particle formation in the vapor appear to be single crystalline cubes. There are two prominent peaks in the edge length distribution of the cubes, one centered at 4.8 nanometers with a halfwidth of approximately 1.3 nanometers and the other at 17.5 nanometers. The peak for the larger cubes is approximately square and has a total width of 7.0 nanometers. Evidence is presented that the larger cubes are formed by a 3 by 3 by 3 self-arrangement of the smaller cubes, which contain approximately 7000 atoms. Self-arrangement in inorganic structures is normally only observed when the building blocks are atoms, molecules, or clusters of less than 100 atoms.     

Absorption of proteins and peptides in the far ultraviolet

An absorption peak for the peptide bond at 187 nanometers has been confirmed; a protein assay at this wavelength allows quantitation of proteins in aqueous solution at concentrations between 0.1 and 25 micrograms per milliliter. Assays are conducted at 6 degrees C to take advantage of the reduction of end-absorption of water with temperature.     

条斑紫菜藻红蛋白粗提方法比较

研究了我国主要经济红藻之一条斑紫菜藻红蛋白各种粗提方法。采用"溶胀+组织捣碎"法破碎条斑紫菜叶状体细胞,依次研究活性炭、利凡诺等化学试剂和等电点、溶液浓度、pH、温度、差速离心等物理条件对条斑紫菜破碎液中藻红蛋白纯度和产率的影响。结果显示:小量活性碳与利凡诺的结合使用不能提高藻红蛋白纯度,单独使用活性碳,随用量提高,其纯度上升,在活性碳用量是紫菜用量的1/10时提纯效果最佳。藻红蛋白等电点沉淀后纯度反而下降,但pH调节与硫酸铵沉淀结合可显著提升纯度,且与原溶液浓度成正比,藻红蛋白纯度最高达到1.35。此外,盐析过程中差速离心还可继续提升纯度,达到1.42,而通过控制温度来变性蛋白的方法不能达到提纯的效果。实验为进一步改进优化条斑紫菜藻红蛋白粗提做了铺垫。     

A photoinduced persistent structural transformation of the special pair of a bacterial reaction center

Structural modification of photosynthetic reaction centers is an important approach for understanding their charge-separation processes. An unprecedented persistent structural transformation of the special pair (dimer) of bacteriochlorophyll molecules can be produced by light absorption alone. The nonphotochemical hole-burned spectra for the reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis show that the phototransformation leads to a red shift of 150 wave numbers for the special pair's lowest energy absorption band, P960, and a comparable blue shift for a state at 850 nanometers, which can now be definitively assigned as being most closely associated with the upper dimer component. Additional insights on excited-state electronic structure include the identification of a new state.     

大麦叶绿体捕光叶绿素蛋白的结构和性质

本实验以 SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,从大麦叶绿体类囊体膜中得到了五条色素带,其中三条为捕光叶绿素蛋白 LHCP1,LHCP 2和 LHCP3。三种 LHCP 的室温吸收光谱的红区最大吸收在670nm 和654nm,蓝区吸收峰在439nm-140nm 和464-466nm。室温荧光发射在680nm 附近。它们的叶绿素 a/b的比值为0.7-1.0。LHCP 1由59KD 和27KD 的多肽组成,LHCP 2由59KD 和53KD 和27KD 的多肽组成。LHCP 3由33KD 和27KD 的多肽组成。三种捕光叶绿素蛋白(LHCP)经胰蛋白酶消化后所得到的肽谱十分相似,表明它们可能有非常相似的一级结构     

Photoreversible pigment: occurrence in a blue-green alga

A new photoreversible pigment has been isolated from the blue-green alga Tolypothrix tenuis. This pigment bears certain resemblances to phytochrome, except that absorption maxima for the two forms are in the green and red portions of the spectrum instead of the red and far-red. The pigment may control diverse differentiative processes in blue-green algae.     

Discovery of the atomic oxygen green line in the Venus night airglow

Green line emission at 557.7 nanometers arising from the O(1S - 1D) transition of atomic oxygen has been observed on the nightside of Venus with HIRES, the echelle spectrograph on the W. M. Keck I 10-meter telescope. We also observe optical emissions of molecular oxygen, consistent with the spectra from the Venera orbiters, but our green line intensity is so high that we cannot explain how it could be inconspicuous in the Venera spectra. An upper limit for the intensity of the O(1D - 3P) oxygen red line at 630 nanometers has also been obtained. The large green/red ratio indicates that the source is not associated with the Venus ionosphere. An important conclusion is that observation of the green line in a planetary atmosphere is not an indicator of an atmosphere rich in molecular oxygen.     

The first step in vision: femtosecond isomerization of rhodopsin

The kinetics of the primary event in vision have been resolved with the use of femtosecond optical measurement techniques. The 11-cis retinal prosthetic group of rhodopsin is excited with a 35-femtosecond pump pulse at 500 nanometers, and the transient changes in absorption are measured between 450 and 580 nanometers with a 10-femtosecond probe pulse. Within 200 femtoseconds, an increased absorption is observed between 540 and 580 nanometers, indicating the formation of photoproduct on this time scale. These measurements demonstrate that the first step in vision, the 11-cis----11-trans torsional isomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore, is essentially complete in only 200 femtoseconds.     

Effect of various dietary vitamin A levels on growth performance and immune response of tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>)

Six purified vitamin-free casein-based diets were formulated to contain six levels vitamin A at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 IU·kg⁻¹, respectively. Tilapias (initial mean weight: 7.73±0.03 g) were fed the diets in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 weeks. No differences in mortality, weight gain, or feed efficiency ratio (FER) were observed among the groups. Liver vitamin A levels reflected dietary vitamin A levels. Immune parameters, such as hemoglobin levels, total cell count, red blood cell count, total serum protein, and serum lysozyme activity, did not vary with the dietary vitamin A levels. White blood cell counts of fish in 2000 IU·kg⁻¹ diet groups were significantly higher than that in other diets groups. Serum complement activities of fish in 2000 and 4000 IU·kg⁻¹ vitamin A diet groups were also higher than those in other diet groups. After the 14-d challenge test, the mortality and antibody titer were similar among the treatments. The results indicated that dietary vitamin A inclusions did not affect the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus.     

珊瑚藻藻红蛋白分离纯化技术及光谱学特性

藻红蛋白(PE)具有特征性吸收光谱和荧光光谱,是一种新颖的荧光分子探针.经反复探索研究建立了盐析、离子交换层析、羟基磷灰石吸附层析和凝胶过滤层析的分离纯化方案,从珊瑚藻中分离纯化出R-藻红蛋白(R-PE),其纯度[D(565nm)/D(280nm)]高达11.