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浅析茶叶中的多酚氧化酶同工酶 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
茶叶中的多酚氧化酶(以下简称PPO)是一种铜蛋白酶,具有高度特异性和催化功能,也具有蛋白质的一般特点,而且茶叶中PPO还有多种同分异构体。PPO是茶树体内三种主要酶类之一,它不仅在茶树生理代谢中起重要作用,而且在茶叶加工中,尤其是红茶制造过程中,对催化多酚类物质的氧化变化也起着重要作用。本文拟从三个方面分析PPO同工酶。一、PPO的研究进展人们对茶叶中PPO的研究早在本世纪初即已开始,1901年,A00就提出[1]:茶叶中存在着氧化酶,发酵茶的红褐色素是在氧化酶的作用下形成的。到了40年代,Sreerangchar以及Bokuchara… 相似文献
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固定化多酚氧化酶的化学性质研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文研究了固定化多酚氧化酶的性质,结果表明茶叶多酚氧化酶经包埋交联固定化以后贮存稳定性增加,最适pH在移至7.0,最适温度上升至40℃,酶对金属离子(Al^2+,Cu^2+)适应性增强,对抑制剂敏感性下降。 相似文献
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小麦多酚氧化酶研究进展 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:28
综述了小麦多酚氧化酶(PPO)的测定方法、生理功能、酶学特性和基因及其表达。PPO主要位于小麦种(果)皮中,是一类铜结合酶,其活性中心为铜结合区(CuA和CuB),不同植物PPO的铜结合区的氨基酸序列同源性较高。PPO由核基因编码,受多基因控制,有多种同工酶。PPO是导致面制食品的酶促褐变的主要原因,与小麦的抗病性密切相关。 相似文献
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本试验测定了两个马铃薯品种在4 ℃和10 ℃低温贮藏条件下块茎的呼吸强度和蔗糖、还原糖的含量。 N D860 2 品种在4 ℃和10 ℃条件下, 还原糖含量变化差异不大, 而 Norchip 品种在4 ℃下还原糖含量远远高于10 ℃的处理。两个品种块茎中蔗糖含量甚微。呼吸强度与还原糖含量的变化的相关性不明显。结果表明, 两个品种在低温条件下糖代谢机理不同。 相似文献
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咖啡幼苗叶片提取过程中,由于单宁等次生物质存在,使乙醇酸氧化酶(GAO)容易失活,加入40%(w/w)PVP(聚乙烯吡咯啉酮K值27~33)作保护剂,GAO活性恢复并达到最大。用不同浓度的各种激素对咖啡幼苗叶片处理时,GAO活性都受到了抑制,其中IAA,GA_3,CTK和乙烯利的抑制随浓度增加而增加,抑制效应的顺序是100ppm>50ppm>10ppm,而ABA却相反,随浓度增加而减弱。相同浓度的各种激素对GAO活性及光合作用的影响,表现出相似的规律性,在处理12小时后开始发生抑制,随着时间的推移,GAO活性逐渐下降,到一定时间后逐渐回升或在回升线上波动,到处理144小时,基本上恢复到对照水平。激素对GAO与光合作用的抑制,表明了光呼吸与光合作用存在着伴随关系。 相似文献
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马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培的地积温效应及其生物学意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
两年的田间试验表明,地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯具有显著的早熟增产效应.对不同处理的土壤温度、地下积温和地上积温比较后发现,地下积温是限制马铃薯生长发育的重要生态因素。覆膜栽培可以提早满足马铃薯生育早、中期对地积温的要求,从而达到早熟高产的目的。多熟制条件下,这种效应尤为重要. 相似文献
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油菜皮壳中多酚氧化酶活性的组织化学检定及其与粒色的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以组织化学法及抑制剂处理研究了油菜种子成熟前皮壳中的多酚氧化酶活性有无、存在部位及其与粒色的关系。结果表明,甘蓝型和白菜型油菜种子成熟前,皮壳(包括种皮和糊粉层,下同)的栅栏层存在较强的多酚氧化酶活性;黄籽皮壳的活性略低于黑籽皮壳的,但当有足够的多酚化合物存在时,黄籽皮壳也能象黑籽皮壳一样变为黑色。黑籽油菜变色前的种子用抗坏血酸处理,多酚氧化酶活性受到抑制,呈色过程中断,种子呈纯黄状态。说明多酚氧化酶对籽粒的呈色极为重要。 相似文献
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低温对大豆不同耐冷性中萌发期保护酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
以大豆耐冷品种Kottman和铁丰31号、冷敏感品种沈农8号和东农46号为材料,以20℃为对照研究在10℃和6℃低温下萌发过程中大豆抗氧化保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化.结果表明,随温度降低,抗冷性不同的大豆品种抗氧化酶活性变化表现出明显的差异.在6℃下,在萌发的中后期,耐冷品种铁丰31号和Kottman的SOD活性仍相对稳定并维持较高活性,POD活性迅速上升,并一直显著高于冷敏感品种.在6℃下,耐冷品种的CAT活性在萌发初期(0~9 d)有大幅下降,然后随着萌发的进程而缓慢上升,而冷敏感品种CAT活性在萌发的(0~9 d)大幅下降,此后小幅下降后又缓慢回升.试验表明,耐冷大豆品种在萌发期间的SOD、POD、CAT活性对低温反应灵敏,低温处理后活性较高或较稳定;耐冷品种和冷敏感品种的CAT活性变化在低温(6℃)下的差异最大,这表明过氧化氢酶在大豆种子萌发过程的活性氧代谢中可能具有较关键的作用. 相似文献
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E. A. Garwood 《Grass and Forage Science》1968,23(2):117-128
The effects of soil water conditions and soil temperatures on the growth of grass and clover roots and on the number of new adventitious roots were examined in the field and in glasshouse experiments.
Although significantly more new roots were produced when swards were irrigated during extremely dry periods, the effect was small, In general, irrigation appeared to have little effect on the seasonal pattern of production of new roots from the base of the plant.
High soil temperatures affected root growth. Branching of roots was increased by high temperatures, but the number of new roots formed at the base of the tillers was decreased, and the mean diameter of the roots was decreased. A multiple regression analysis of the number of new roots beneath a unit area of sward with soil-water conditions and soil temperatures at the time of sampling gave a significant inverse relationship with soil temperature. No relationship could be demonstrated 相似文献
Although significantly more new roots were produced when swards were irrigated during extremely dry periods, the effect was small, In general, irrigation appeared to have little effect on the seasonal pattern of production of new roots from the base of the plant.
High soil temperatures affected root growth. Branching of roots was increased by high temperatures, but the number of new roots formed at the base of the tillers was decreased, and the mean diameter of the roots was decreased. A multiple regression analysis of the number of new roots beneath a unit area of sward with soil-water conditions and soil temperatures at the time of sampling gave a significant inverse relationship with soil temperature. No relationship could be demonstrated 相似文献
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E. A. Garwood 《Grass and Forage Science》1967,22(3):176-181
The effect of irrigation on the weight of roots and on the vertical distribution of roots by weight in the soil profile under grass and grass/clover swards was examined in several field experiments.
The weight of root material was less under irrigated swards than under those which were subject only to natural rainfall; it is postulated that this occurred because dead roots decayed more rapidly in the irrigated swards. There was little evidence to suggest that irrigation had any major effect on the vertical distribution by weight of roots within the soil profile.
There was a significant interaction between nitrogen and irrigation; in the un-irrigated swards, root weight decreased with increased N but on the irrigated swards the highest root weight was at an intermediate level of applied N. 相似文献
The weight of root material was less under irrigated swards than under those which were subject only to natural rainfall; it is postulated that this occurred because dead roots decayed more rapidly in the irrigated swards. There was little evidence to suggest that irrigation had any major effect on the vertical distribution by weight of roots within the soil profile.
There was a significant interaction between nitrogen and irrigation; in the un-irrigated swards, root weight decreased with increased N but on the irrigated swards the highest root weight was at an intermediate level of applied N. 相似文献