副猪嗜血杆菌对部分常用实验动物的致病性试验

为筛选对副猪嗜血杆菌易感的实验动物,对部分常用的不同品种、不同品系实验动物进行了副猪嗜血杆菌致病性试验。用副猪嗜血杆菌血清型5型标准株（Strain Nagasaki）培养物,以2×10^8-2×10^10CFU的接种量,通过腹腔感染SPF级小鼠、大鼠、金黄地鼠、豚鼠以及清洁级豚鼠和兔。结果当接种量达到2×10^9CFU时,SPF豚鼠、清洁级豚鼠和SPF昆明小鼠出现死亡,在死亡豚鼠观察到典型的副猪嗜血杆菌病病理变化,而在死亡小鼠未见。其它各实验动物在上述剂量范围内均未发病或死亡,感染7d后剖检也未见任何异常。对死亡豚鼠和小鼠的各个组织器官进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离,结果在豚鼠的大脑、心血、肺、肝和腹水中分离到了副猪嗜血杆菌。提示豚鼠对副猪嗜血杆菌易感,可以做为建立副猪嗜血杆菌感染动物模型的候选实验动物。     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清型和外膜蛋白P5基因型多样性的研究

副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)的血清型及基因型具有复杂多样性。本研究用间接血凝试验对某一猪场分离的Hps进行血清分型鉴定,并对部分菌株的外膜蛋白P5基因进行克隆测序和进化发育分析。试验结果显示,在21头病死猪不同部位共分离了42株Hps,其中 Hps血清5型17株(40.7%)、血清14型12株(28.5%)、血清4型1株(2.3%)和未定型12株(28.5%)。本试验中有5头猪同时感染2种不同血清型的Hps。21株Hps临床分离株分属5个不同基因序列型(STA～STE),其中STA有12株(12/21)为优势基因型;相同血清型的Hps分离株具有不同的STs型,来自同一头猪的Hps血清型和STs型也不相同。以上结果表明,同一猪群感染的Hps血清型和基因型存在明显的多样性,同一头猪感染Hps的血清型和基因型也存在多样性。本研究为进一步揭示猪群感染Hps的复杂性,研究该病的感染与流行机制提供了有价值的参考。     

副猪嗜血杆菌感染豚鼠试验及在其体内的分布

为了评估副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)对豚鼠的毒力以及在豚鼠组织器官的分布,作者采用改进的寇氏法测定了H.parasuis血清5型标准株对豚鼠的LD50,以1 LD50剂量经鼻腔、气管、肺、腹腔、肌肉和皮下接种感染豚鼠,比较不同途径感染H.parasuis对豚鼠致病性的差异;以1 LD50剂量气管接种豚鼠,接种后在不同时间取豚鼠的脑、心、肝、肺、脾和肾组织,制作石蜡切片,用免疫组化技术检测H.parasuis在豚鼠上述组织的分布.结果显示该H.parasuis血清5型标准株的LD50为1.33×109 CFU,LD50的95%可信限范围为1.35×109～1.30×109 CFU;感染试验结果显示,气管、肺和腹腔3个接种途径试验组豚鼠出现了4/8、2/8和5/8的死亡;在气管感染豚鼠6 h后,首先在肺脏组织呈现阳性结果,在感染8 h后,上述组织中都出现了阳性结果.结果表明气管、肺、腹腔和肌肉4个途径都可以使H.parasuis对豚鼠致病,免疫组化检测并结合细菌分离结果表明H.parasuis感染后能侵染肺、心、肝、脾和肾组织,并能突破血一脑屏障而侵染脑组织.     

不同猪源副猪嗜血杆菌河南分离株16S rRNA基因的遗传进化分析

为研究来自河南省不同猪源的副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)的遗传演化关系,应用PCR方法扩增所分离的良种猪源、家养野猪源和地方土猪源等3株Hps(KF0901、JZ0801和XY0501)的16S r RNA基因,并进行序列比较分析。结果 3株Hps的16S r RNA基因全长均为822 bp,彼此间核苷酸序列同源性为99.3%~99.6%,与参考菌株的核苷酸序列同源性为97.1%~99.4%;基于16S r RNA基因序列绘制的系统进化树显示,本研究中家养野猪源Hps和地方土猪源Hps均属于血清5型,而良种猪源血清5型Hps却与血清12型和血清14型的亲缘关系更近。表明Hps在良种猪、家养野猪和地方土猪之间彼此交叉感染或具有共同来源;并非所有血清5型Hps分离株都属同一分支。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)为猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)的重要病原之一。在对广西65个猪场281份病猪组织样品进行PRDC病原学调查的基础上,对PCR检测的Hps阳性样品进行了细菌分离,并进行了生化特性、药敏试验、16 S RNA基因片段序列分析和基因组DNA的PCR指纹图谱分析。结果显示,11份(3.91%)检测样品为Hps阳性,且均为混合感染;从南宁市四塘、桂林市永福、玉林市容县和钦州市浦北分离出5株Hps,分离菌株的生化鉴定结果均符合Hps生化特性,且对头孢噻呋和头孢菌素高度敏感;其中3株为血清5型,1株为血清12型,另1株未能定型;分离菌株16 S RNA基因片段之间及与GenBank其他一些代表菌株的核苷酸同源性在99%以上。     

猪链球菌2型引致脑炎及败血症的豚鼠模型

选用不同日龄的健康豚鼠 132只 ,分组经不同途径接种对猪具有致病性的猪链球菌 2型江苏分离株 HA980 1,引致脑炎及败血症 ,建立了动物模型。试验表明 ,小于 2 4日龄提前断奶的豚鼠对该菌株较易感 ,最佳感染途径是皮下注射 ,腹腔、鼻腔次之。感染豚鼠表现出典型脑炎的临床症状及病理变化。经重复试验测得该菌株对豚鼠的 L D50 为 5 .5× 10 6cfu,从感染死亡豚鼠脑脊液、大脑、血液及各实质器官均可分离出该病原菌 ,与仔猪自然感染情况相似。该动物模型的建立为进一步探究猪链球菌 2型感染的体内动态分布、感染机制、毒力因子及免疫应答奠定了基础     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒对豚鼠致病力的研究

为了研究用豚鼠建立禽流感动物模型的可能性,试验采用禽流感病毒Ck/HB/4/08(H9N2)鼻腔接种豚鼠,检测H9N2禽流感病毒对豚鼠的致病力。结果表明:感染后的豚鼠出现聚堆、精神不振、流鼻涕等感冒症状,体温及体重均发生显著变化,同时能够产生相应抗体;感染豚鼠的肺脏出现严重的淤血及水肿,肺泡形态发生改变并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;鼻甲骨和肺脏中可检测并分离到病毒,其他组织器官未检测到病毒。感染豚鼠的临床症状及病理、体重、体温、抗体、肺干湿重的变化和组织中病毒的检测和分离结果说明H9N2亚型禽流感病毒可以感染豚鼠发病,症状明显,但不引起豚鼠死亡,可以建立禽流感感染豚鼠的发病模型。     

副猪嗜血杆菌对小鼠的致病性探究及感染模型的建立

为研究副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)对昆明系(KM)小鼠的致病性,同时探索建立HPS的KM小鼠感染模型,应用血清4型(SD-05、ZC-7、ND-21)、5型(BD-1、HB-08、PZ-26)菌株对KM小鼠进行毒力测定,然后以2种血清型最适菌株的最适剂量,腹腔注射KM小鼠开展攻毒试验,观察临床症状及剖检变化,并对死亡小鼠进行细菌分离以及PCR鉴定。结果显示:血清4型SD-05株、血清5型HB-08株毒力较强,对KM小鼠最适接种剂量分别为1.2×10~9及1.175×10~9 CFU;攻毒后小鼠出现颤抖、萎靡厌食等临床症状,剖检可见肺脏出血、胸腔积液等病理变化,并在小鼠组织器官中成功分离出HPS菌株。结果表明,HPS血清4型、5型菌株对KM小鼠存在较强致病性,且初步认定KM小鼠可作为HPS感染动物模型。本研究为HPS致病性研究及小鼠感染模型建立奠定了应用基础。     

西藏小型猪对猪瘟病毒的敏感性评价

为了研究西藏小型猪对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的敏感性,试验采用CSFV石门株1×10~5TCID_(50)/头人工感染西藏小型猪后,研究CSFV感染猪体温变化、临床症状、血液CSFV核酸载量及组织/器官病理变化。结果表明:CSFV感染后第1天猪只体温超过40.0℃,感染后第2天猪只出现精神沉郁、食欲减退、便秘等临床症状;感染后第1天猪只血液中CSFV RNA含量为1×10~(3.79)copies/mL,感染后第7天CSFV RNA含量最高为1×10~(8.58)copies/mL,濒临死亡时保持在1×10~(8.36)copies/mL;CSFV感染后猪只组织/器官出现猪瘟典型病理变化,未感染猪组织/器官未发现异常。说明西藏小型猪对CSFV敏感,可作为CSFV感染的实验动物模型。     

1株副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

【目的】阐明引起河南漯河某规模化猪场仔猪呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性。【方法】无菌采集发病仔猪的口鼻拭子及病死猪的胸腔积液及肺脏、肝脏、脾脏等组织器官,进行病原的PCR检测,并通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、卫星试验、16S rDNA基因PCR扩增、系统进化树构建、多重PCR鉴定分离菌的血清型、致病性试验和药敏试验等对分离菌株进行生物学特性分析。【结果】在含有V因子的BHI固体平板上生长出圆形、表面光滑湿润、无色透明的微小菌落,在不含V因子的培养基上不生长;分离菌株经革兰染色,镜下可见革兰阴性菌,多呈单个存在的球杆、长杆状;在金黄色葡萄球菌的培养物周围形成典型的“卫星菌落”;16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,分离菌株与副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)处于同一分支,相似性>97%,亚型鉴定结果判定分离菌为Hps血清4型;将分离的Hps腹腔注射感染小鼠,可导致感染小鼠多个器官不同程度出血,以肺脏最为明显;高剂量感染可导致小鼠死亡。药敏试验发现,该菌株对四环素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明具有较强抗性,合理用药后,取得了良好的治疗效果。【结论】试验成...     

Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs.

Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. Guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. However, apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal inoculation. Cells of the references strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus parasuis could be isolated from respiratory and systemic sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and pleuritis were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of the reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in bronchopneumonia and moribundity or death in some guinea pigs; however, reisolation of H parasuis and microscopic lesions at necropsy were less pronounced than those observed with serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4 and 7 induced only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of H parasuis infection at necropsy. The data from intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to data from other investigations in swine, indicating differences in the pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs may be useful as a laboratory animal model for examining cellular factors associated with virulence and immunogenicity of H parasuis.     

First isolation of Haemophilus parasuis and other NAD-dependent Pasteurellaceae of swine from European wild boars

Haemophilus parasuis is a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs and the etiological agent of Gl?sser's disease, which is characterized by a fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and arthritis. Gl?sser's disease has never been reported in wild boar (Sus scrofa), although antibodies against H. parasuis have been detected. The goal of this study was to confirm the presence of this bacterium in wild boar by bacterial isolation and to compare the strains to H. parasuis from domesticated pigs. Therefore, nasal swabs from 42 hunted wild boars were processed for bacterial isolation and subsequent H. parasuis identification by specific PCR, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two different strains of H. parasuis from two wild boars were isolated. These strains belonged to serotype 2 and were included by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MLST analysis in a cluster with other H. parasuis strains of nasal origin from domestic pigs. During this study, Actinobacillus minor and Actinobacillus indolicus, which are NAD-dependent Pasteurellaceae closely related to H. parasuis, were also isolated. Our results indicate similarities in the respiratory microbiota of wild boars and domestic pigs, and although H. parasuis was isolated from wild boars, more studies are needed to determine if this could be a source of H. parasuis infection for domestic pigs.     

Immunological Identification and Characterization of Extracellular Serine Protease-Like Protein Encoded in a Putative espP2 Gene of Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis is known to produce a group of virulence-associated autotransporter (AT) proteins, VtaAs; however, no other ATs have been characterized yet. On the basis of the reported sequence of a putative espP2 gene for extracellular serine protease (ESP)-like protein of H. parasuis, this putative AT gene was successfully amplified from H. parasuis serotype 5 field strain HPS0819, cloned and sequenced. The confirmed ORF sequence showed 100% identity with the reported putative espP2 gene. The recombinant ESP-like protein purified from Escherichia coli with a pET expression system was used for immunological characterization. An approximately 85 kDa antigen was detected in cultured H. parasuis by using antiserum to the purified ESP-like protein, and antibodies against the recombinant ESP-like protein were detected in a selected serum from pigs with experimental H. parasuis infection. The results indicated that H. parasuis could produce ESP-like protein in vitro and in vivo. In an immune protection study using guinea pigs, 6 out of 10 animals immunized with the recombinant ESP-like protein survived after challenge with 5 × 10(9) bacteria of strain HPS0819, whereas 7 out of 10 animals immunized with formalin-inactivated H0819 bacterin survived after challenge. The results suggest that ESP-like protein could be one of the vaccine antigen candidates for H. parasuis infection.     

广西副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学调查

本研究于2009年5月至2010年11月调查了广西南宁、桂林、玉林、钦州4个市60个猪场发生副猪嗜血杆菌病的情况。采集病猪组织样品共86份进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离;对疑似菌株进行形态学观察、培养特性、生化特性和PCR鉴定;最终分离鉴定到26株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为30.2%;对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定、致病性和药敏试验。结果表明26株分离株中血清4型有5株,5型3株,9、11、13、14、15型各1株,有1株与2、9、10、11型血清均有凝集,其余12株未能鉴定出血清型。血清型5、13、14菌株和5个未能定型的菌株能引起小白鼠全部死亡,其他菌株对小白鼠致病性不强。药敏试验结果表明70%以上的菌株除对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考高度敏感外,对其他药物敏感性不高。本调查结果将对广西副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供指导。     

Protection of vaccinated pigs against experimental infections with homologous and heterologous Haemophilus parasuis

The efficacy of a new Haemophilus parasuis vaccine for pigs was investigated. The vaccine contains H parasuis serotype 5 cells and is adjuvanted with Diluvac Forte (Intervet). Groups of pigs were vaccinated at five and seven weeks with 2 ml and their littermates served as unvaccinated controls. The vaccinated pigs were protected against a challenge with another strain of Hparasuis serotype 5 at two, eight and 17 weeks after the second vaccination, whereas the controls became very ill. The susceptibility of the pigs to the infection decreased with increasing age. After a heterologous challenge with H parasuis serotypes 1, 12, 13 and 14, two weeks after the second vaccination, the vaccine also gave clear protection. The severity of the illness among the control pigs differed with the different serotypes.     

Rotavirus replication in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived pigs

A porcine rotavirus isolate was titrated in neonatal colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived pigs. The stock rotavirus suspension had a titer of 10(-6.5)/ml and was in its fifteenth cell culture passage in MA-104 cells. Fourteen colostrum-fed pigs were orally inoculated with dilutions of the stock virus suspension ranging from undiluted to 10(-5). These pigs did not develop notable clinical signs during the 7-day experimental trial and no pathologic changes were found in intestine, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, or brain. However, rotavirus was detected in feces of the colostrum-fed pigs, using virus isolation and electron microscopic techniques. Rotavirus was also isolated from lung, brain, or spleen of 4 of 12 of these pigs. Sixteen colostrum-deprived pigs were orally inoculated with dilutions of the stock virus suspension ranging from 10(-1) to 10(-8). Diarrhea developed in 10 of 12 pigs that were given up to the 10(-6) dilution. Seven of these 12 pigs died because of the severity of diarrhea. Pigs that died of rotavirus-induced diarrhea had severe villus loss in the jejunum and ileum. Villi of the small intestine of colostrum-deprived pigs that survived the severe diarrhea were within normal limits at the end of the 7-day trial. The colostrum-deprived pigs that were inoculated with a dilution less than 10(-6) and survived past 96 hours underwent seroconversion. Rotavirus was detected by virus isolation and electron microscopy in the feces of all colostrum-deprived pigs that survived beyond 18.5 hours after inoculation. Virus was isolated from lungs, brain, or spleen of 12 of 16 colostrum-deprived pigs.     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离与鉴定

在通过对上海一发病猪群临床流行病学研究和病理学观察的基础上 ,从发病仔猪肺脏、气管和脾脏检出并分离到 1株革兰氏阴性细小杆菌 ,兼性厌氧。生化试验为 :接触酶阳性 ,氧化酶阴性 ,鸟氨酸脱羧酶、吲哚和脲酶阴性 ;生长需要NAD ,发酵果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖 ;不分解D 甘露醇、D 山梨醇和海藻糖。用副猪嗜血杆菌的 1 6S小亚单位rRNA和tbpA基因的特异性PCR引物 ,通过PCR技术分别从该分离菌株扩增出 82 2bp及 1 9kb的特异基因片段 ,表明该分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌     

H.E染色和普鲁氏染色在动物铁过负荷诊断的比较

本试验研究比较铁过负荷猪的淋巴结、脾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏的H.E染色、革兰氏染色的变化。     

Isolation and Identification of Haemophilus parasuis SD02 strain

A bacterial strain was isolated from the sick pigs suspiciously infected by polyserositis and arthritis in a pig farm in Shandong Province,and identified through morphological observation,culture traits,biochemical characteristics and PCR amplification.Additionally,primers were de-signed according to the 16S rRNA sequence of Haemophilus parasuis,and the bacterial strain was amplified by PCR.The amplified fragments of approximately 1 400 bp was sequenced,and aligned with the sequence in Gen Bank.The results showed that it shared the homology of 97%-99%with the 16S rRNA sequence of foreign H.parasuis,and confirmed as H.parasuis(HPS).The strain was determined as serotype 4 through serotype identification.The strain was named SD02.     

副猪嗜血杆菌OMP5的克隆表达及其对豚鼠免疫保护作用

根据GenBank中登录的副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5(outer membrane protein P5,OMP5)基因序列设计1对特异性引物,以江西分离株NC0807基因组DNA为模板,扩增出OMP5基因。将其克隆到pET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-OMP5,质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析重组蛋白的表达情况和反应原性。重组蛋白经镍柱亲和层析纯化后免疫豚鼠,测定其免疫原性和保护效率。结果表明,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达。表达的蛋白分子质量约为43 ku,能被副猪嗜血杆菌阳性血清识别。动物试验结果表明,重组蛋白免疫后能诱导产生高水平的OMP5特异性抗体,并可显著保护豚鼠抵抗副猪嗜血杆菌强毒菌株的攻击,提示OMP5是副猪嗜血杆菌的保护性抗原。