新鲜软质干酪制作过程中乳固形物浓度对其凝乳效果的影响

本文所研究的新鲜软质干酪是一种以脱脂牛奶为原料制成的非成熟型干酪。其风味柔和、清淡,易被我国消费者接受。本文对乳固形物浓度对新鲜软质干酪凝乳效果及干酪品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着乳固形物浓度的增加,凝乳时间延长,口感粗糙变硬,乳清OD值先降后升。     

涂抹型牦牛乳软质干酪的研制

本试验采用单因素试验对涂抹型牦牛乳软质干酪制作过程中使用的发酵剂、凝乳酶进行了选择,采用L9(34)正交实验研究了菌种添加量、杀菌条件、凝乳酶添加量和凝乳切割p H值等各因素水平对产品品质的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数,结果表明:菌种QH-3的产率和固形物回收率都比较高,产品的组织比较细腻,酸味适中;进口凝乳酶的凝乳时间最短,固形物回收率最高。A3B1C2D2为生产涂抹型牦牛乳软质干酪的最佳工艺参数即菌种添加量为5%、杀菌条件为65℃,30min、酶的添加量为400IU/100L、凝乳切割时的p H值为4.6。     

新鲜软质豆乳干酪的研制

以豆乳替代部分牛乳制作新鲜软质豆乳干酪,采用单因素试验方法,研究豆乳添加量、CaCl2和凝乳酶对凝乳时间和感官的影响;并用正交试验确定了生产新鲜软质豆奶干酪的最佳配方.结果表明,当豆乳添加量20％、CaCl2添加量0.04％、凝乳酶添加量0.02％时制备的产品品质最佳.     

枸杞干酪加工工艺研究

枸杞干酪是在原料乳中添加浓缩枸杞制成的,符合中国人口味的风味干酪。本文对影响枸杞干酪凝乳效果的主要因素进行了研究。试验结果表明:添加4%的枸杞,原料乳浓度越大,凝乳效果越好,用巴氏杀菌或高温短时杀菌,调节酸度到24°T,添加0.06%的CaCl2,凝乳效果较好。     

国产干酪的研发现状及展望

本文概述了当前我国混合乳干酪、再制干酪、低脂干酪、地域干酪和新鲜软质干酪等干酪品种的研究和开发状况，并结合我国干酪加工的特点对国产干酪的发展进行了展望，以期为国产干酪的快速、健康发展提供参考。     

不同切割pH值对新鲜软质干酪产率及品质的影响

新鲜软质干酪是干酪家族中非常重要的一员,属于酸凝干酪.不同切割pH值对新鲜软质干酪的品质产生显著的影响.本试验研究了不同切割pH值对新鲜软质干酪产率、感官及乳清OD值的影响.结果表明,切割pH值为4.6时制备的干酪样品产率最大,酸甜适口、口感最佳,且乳清OD值最小.     

酸-酶共促凝乳的研究进展

本文针对夸克干酪、农家干酪等新鲜干酪的酸-酶共促凝乳方式,在概述酶凝、酸凝的基础之上,论述了酸-酶共促凝乳的形成过程及性质,并探讨了凝乳酶浓度、热处理、添加凝乳酶时pH值等对酸-酶共促凝乳的影响。     

新鲜软质干酪加工工艺探讨

新鲜软质干酪是以一种以脱脂牛奶为原料制成的非成熟型干酪。与普通成熟干酪相比,新鲜软质干酪具有风味柔和、口感清淡的特点,更容易被我国消费者所接受。本文对新鲜软质干酪加工工艺进行了探讨,为生产这种产品提供了理论依据。     

3．摄入益生茵能够降低二甲肼对大鼠结肠的基因毒性

印度学者研究了嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌对二甲肼（DMH）基因毒性的降低作用。他们将实验大鼠随机分为4组,第一组为DMH对照组：第二组为益生菌凝乳组（凝乳中加入嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌）,饲喂益生菌凝乳并进行DMH皮下注射：第三组为普通凝乳对照组,     

HACCP在新鲜软质干酪加工中的应用

在国外,新鲜软质干酪是一种大众化食品,其营养价值很高。本文阐述了HACCP体系在新鲜软质干酪生产中的应用,并依据HACCP体系的基本原则,对新鲜软质干酪加工过程进行危害分析(HA),确定关键控制点(CCP)并制定相应的监控措施,以提高产品的生产管理水平及其安全性。     

羊奶奶酪制作核心技术的初步研究

[目的]本研究以羊乳为原料，结合奶酪工艺初步探讨了羊奶酪的主要技术参数。[方法]通过对羊奶的杀菌温度、发酵剂添加量、CaCl₂添加量、凝乳酶添加量等因素进行正交试验，以产品质构、综合感官评价为指标，得到最佳用量配比。[结果]羊奶奶酪的最佳工艺为：杀菌条件75~78 ℃，15 s，发酵剂添加量为1.4 %，CaCl₂的添加量为0.03%，凝乳酶添加量为0.01%，在传统奶酪制作工艺的基础上以此技术参数生产的羊奶奶酪口感、风味良好。[结论]本研究为完整羊奶奶酪技术的开发加工奠定了基础，为探寻适合中国羊乳原料及口味要求的羊奶奶酪工业化生产提供了技术依据。     

用牦牛奶生产Gouda奶酪工艺技术的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,分析了以新鲜牦牛乳为发酵原料,进行Gouda奶酪制作工艺中,不同剂量凝乳酶、氯化钙、食盐以及温度等因素对成品口感和色泽质地的影响。经分析用牦牛奶制作Gouda奶酪的最佳条件为：凝乳酶0.003%、氯化钙0.02%、食盐20%,发酵温度为30℃。     

乳清干酪产品加工现状

为了解决干酪副产物综合利用问题,丰富干酪市场,本文对乳清干酪的加工进行阐述.介绍乳清干酪来源,各国乳清干酪的分类、营养价值,生产工艺及加热、酸化pH值、乳清浓缩方法、添加奶(鲜奶、脱脂奶、半脱脂或奶酪等)、发酵剂、非乳品蛋白质等因素对产品质地的影响.     

The evaluation of the curd forming ability of milk replacers

Inadequate milk curd formation in the abomasum of newborn calves causes malnutrition and diarrhea. In order to define the factors of inadequate curd formation, we compared the curd forming ability among 9 kinds of milk replacers, bulk milk (raw milk), and skim milk both in vitro and in vivo . When rennet was added, the raw milk and one milk replacer formed firm curds. The rest of the milk replacers and skim milk did not form any curd. When a solution of HCl was added, raw milk, three milk replacers and skim milk formed the curd at pH 4.5, but the other milk replacers did not. When HCl was added following the rennet, raw milk, one milk replacer and skim milk formed the curd. In vivo , raw milk, two milk replacers and skim milk showed good curd formation whereas the other milk replacers showed poor curd formation inside the abomasums of the calves. This study showed that most of the milk replacers sold in Japan could not form the curd with rennet.     

猕猴桃奶豆腐加工工艺及配方研究

开发一种新型的适合大众口味的高营养奶制品。以山羊奶为主要原料,以适量的猕猴桃汁和白砂糖等作为辅料,通过工艺改进和配方优化,加工一种新型山羊奶制品。得出猕猴桃奶豆腐的加工工艺为:原料乳(制作奶皮子后的脱脂乳)→杀菌→添加发酵剂→自然凝乳→切割→排乳清→升温搅拌→保温搅拌→静置→排乳清→切碎→压榨→成形→冷藏。配方为:鲜羊奶75%,猕猴桃汁17%,白砂糖8%,再加入少量的甜味剂和调味剂。研制的猕猴桃奶豆腐既有羊奶的乳香、猕猴桃的酸甜,同时更富于其更全面的营养物质。     

Acid phosphatase in cheese

The combined action of proteinases/peptidases and acid phosphatases on phosphorylated proteins/peptides could be important for cheese quality. It seems that acid phosphatase activity in cheese originates from milk and microorganisms. Bovine milk contains more than one acid phosphatase, which are distributed between the cream and skim milk. The properties of two enzymes isolated from butter milk and skim milk are different. In general, acid phosphatase, especially that from starter organisms is very heat stable. The dephosphorylation of casein and phosphopeptides is of interest in cheese ripening. It has been suggested that acid phosphatases from both skim milk and lactic acid bacteria contribute to dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides in cheese, which are produced from casein by coagulant, indigenous milk proteinase and microbial proteinases during cheese ripening.     

动物性食品中单核白细胞增多症李氏菌的检测

比较了4种增菌液和3种分离琼脂对动物性食品中单核白细胞增多症李氏菌的检测效果,以蛋白陈增菌液和胰蛋白陈琼脂为最佳.用这种方法检测了市售猪肉、分割鸡肉、鲜牛奶、奶皮、奶酪和奶豆腐中的单核白细胞增多症李氏菌,其检出率分别为6.7%,5.45%,5.0%,7.89%,27.03%和58.97%.     

干酪生产质量控制

干酪是液体乳为原料，经凝乳、排乳清，发酵成熟制成的产品。本文论述了干酪生产过程中原料乳及其均质、酸化、凝块切割等因素的影响。并对于酪成熟过程中酶类与微生物对其品质的影响进行了分析。     

乳清蛋白对羊、牛混合乳粉发酵乳品质的影响

本试验研究了不同比例羊奶粉、脱脂牛乳粉及浓缩乳清蛋白WPC-34代替部分混合奶粉生产酸乳,对酸乳发酵品质特性的影响,测定了pH值、滴定酸度、黏度和持水性,并做了感官评价。结果表明,用脱脂牛乳粉和羊奶粉按不同比例制作酸乳时（乳固形物恒定为13％）,随着羊奶粉比例的增加,凝块变软,黏度降低,NpH值和滴定酸度变化不明显,在羊奶粉比例小于70％时感官评价分数降低不明显,然而当大于70％时感官评价有明显的下降趋势。当使用WPC-34替代混合乳粉（固形物含量为13％）发酵酸乳时,在替代率为10％-40％时滴定酸度、黏度、持水性均出现了先上升后下降的趋势,各项指标均在替代率为20％时达到最好。     

Indigestion in Young Calves VI: Studies of Diarrheic Calves Fed Milk Replacers Made of Normal and Heat-Treated Skim Milk and whey Powder

Diarrhea occurred in 12 pre-ruminant calves after the introduction of milk replacers. Six of the calves were fed a replacer made of normally treated skim milk and whey powder, while the other 6 got a replacer made of heat-treated powders, although otherwise similar to that of the first group. Abomasal curd formation was deficient in calves fed for 9 or 17 days on the heat-treated replacer (4 of 6 calves). Otherwise, no clear differences between the calves given normally treated and heat-treated replacer occurred, as regards diarrhea, bacteriological, virological, and pathomorphological findings in the intestinal tract. Rotavirus and chlamydial infections were indicated and considered as the major cause of the diarrheic condition, although bacteria, including coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may have contributed. The milk replacers may have been involved was provoking factors.Key words: heat-treatment, skim milk, whey, diarrhea, curd formation, intestinal microflora, rotavirus, chlamydia, calves