鸭不同养殖模式对环境中微生物数量的影响

实验旨在研究“鸭-水生植物-鱼”“鸭-水生植物”和“鸭-稻”不同鸭养殖模式对环境中微生物数量的影响,比较分析了鸭舍内与运动场粪样、戏水池与消化池、水生植物池、稻田及饮水管水样中细菌总数、大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌和沙门菌的数量。结果显示,“鸭-水生植物-鱼”养殖模式中,鸭舍内和运动场粪样中的细菌总数最多,汇入排水沟的粪污通过消化池处理后再进入饮水管,与排水沟相比,一级池、二级池、三级池及饮水管水样中的细菌总数分别降低11.11%、24.09%、28.35%和32.29%(P<0.01),表明该模式能逐级减少微生物数量。“鸭-水生植物”养殖模式中运动场粪样中的细菌总数、大肠杆菌数、芽孢杆菌数和沙门菌数均极显著高于水生植物池和饮水管水样（P<0.01）,不同时间检测的各样品微生物变化不显著（P>0.05）,表明该模式不会对鸭粪便（肠道）微生物的数量造成显著影响,从而保障蛋鸭维持较高的产蛋性能。“鸭-稻”养殖模式中,实验组与对照组稻田水样中均未检出沙门菌,细菌总数、大肠杆菌数和芽孢杆菌数差异不显著（P>0.05）,表明该模式对稻田水样中的微生物数量没有显著影响。     

循环水养殖模式对水体微生物、蛋鸭粪便微生物和土壤微生物的影响

试验旨在研究循环水养殖模式对水体微生物、蛋鸭粪便微生物和土壤微生物的影响。分别采集样品检测饮水管、戏水池、排水沟、各级消化池的水样和鸭舍内粪样、运动场粪样及周边土壤样品,采用平板计数法检测微生物数量。结果表明:(1)与排水沟的微生物数量相比,各级消化池和饮水管的大肠杆菌数分别降低28.13%、32.42%、40.98%和33.94%,"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别降低13.75%、53.13%、82.5%和79.38%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);(2)与鸭舍内粪便微生物数量相比,运动场的大肠杆菌数和"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别增加3.08%和2.29%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),土壤的大肠杆菌数和"沙门+志贺"氏菌数分别降低9.00%和3.70%,均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可知,循环水养殖模式能显著减少各级消化池和饮水管中病原微生物的数量。     

枯草芽孢杆菌显著改善鸭舍内生态环境质量

良好的畜禽舍环境是保障畜禽健康,充分发挥其生产性能的必要条件。本试验旨在研究日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对鸭舍内有害气体含量、微生物数量等空气质量的影响。选取2周龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为3组,每组隔为一个独立区域,每组内隔成4个独立小栏,每个小栏50只,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加枯草芽孢杆菌和复合芽孢杆菌的日粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中分别添加枯草芽孢杆菌和复合芽孢杆菌:(1)舍内NH_3含量分别降低7.19%、6.24%,但差异不显著(P0.05);各组H_2S含量均小于1.52 mg/m~3,差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)舍内细菌总数分别降低36.57%、33.66%,大肠杆菌数降低29.02%、26.86%,"沙门+志贺"氏菌数降低39.47%、44.74%,金黄色葡萄球菌数降低29.79%、25.96%,均差异极显著(P0.01);真菌总数分别降低6.36%、7.27%,但差异不显著(P0.05)。试验结果提示,日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可一定程度上降低舍内NH3浓度,显著降低舍内微生物数量,改善舍内生态环境质量,从而减少对鸭健康的威胁,提高生产性能。     

包埋乳酸菌对蛋鸡消化道微生物区系和生产性能的影响

研究以包埋乳酸菌作为蛋鸡的饲料添加剂,测定其对蛋鸡的抑菌和促生产作用的效果。结果表明:添加未包埋乳酸菌试验组的产蛋率、蛋重及日采食量比对照组分别提高1.96%、9.91%、3.09%(P>0.05),添加包埋乳酸菌试验组的分别提高6.54%、4.69%、4.76%(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组的蛋白质和钙的代谢率皆有所下降(P>0.05)。在饲养试验期间,试验组鸡的腹泻率分别比对照组降低23.41%和8.53%(P>0.05)。利用鸡致病性大肠杆菌的攻毒保护试验表明,添加乳酸菌和土霉素均可显著地降低蛋鸡的腹泻率(P<0.05)和提高其采食量,并极显著地降低其死亡率(0%/35%)。鸡消化道微生物区系的分析表明,添加乳酸菌可明显地降低肌胃中的大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),而对消化道其他部位中的大肠杆菌数量的影响无规律性;同时包埋乳酸菌可明显提高肌胃中乳酸菌的数量(P<0.05),而对消化道其他部位中乳酸菌的数量无显著性影响。     

枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡肠道菌群和粪便中N、S含量的影响

研究旨在探讨枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对海兰褐蛋鸡日粮、胃肠道内容物和粪便中pH、微生物菌群数量和N、S含量的影响。选取486只健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为对照组(玉米-豆粕基础日粮)、试验1组(添加0.05%枯草芽孢杆菌)和试验2组(添加2.5%枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕),采集胃肠道内容物和粪便样本,以稀释涂平板法测定菌群数量,并分别以凯氏定氮法和硝酸镁法测定N、S含量。结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕能减少日粮中大肠杆菌等有害菌群数量,显著增加枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌等有益菌群数量(P<0.05),降低pH值(P<0.05);饲喂56d后,蛋鸡胃肠道内容物和新鲜粪便中大肠杆菌等有害菌群数量显著下降(P<0.05),乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌等有益菌群数量显著增加(P<0.05),pH值显著下降;将粪便自然放置7d后,其N损失显著下降(P<0.05)。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕能增加蛋鸡日粮中有益菌群数量,改善肠道微生态系统,减少粪便放置过程中的N损失。     

肉鸭饲喂微生态制剂对舍内环境质量的影响

为研究饲喂微生态制剂对肉鸭舍内空气质量和粪便中N、P含量的影响,选取4日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为3组,依次作为对照组、试验1组与2组,每组4个重复,每个重复50只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组和试验2组在基础日粮中分别按照5 g/kg的比例添加芽孢杆菌菌粉和乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌混合制剂,试验期42d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1组、2组鸭舍内NH3平均浓度分别降低了33.25%、36.00%(P0.05),舍内环境中平均活菌数分别减少14.59%、21.68%(P0.05);粪便中氮含量分别降低33.24%、51.33%(P0.05);磷含量分别降低39.57%、47.59%(P0.05),其中试验2组鸭舍环境中平均活菌数与粪便中氮、磷含量显著低于试验1组。说明在樱桃谷肉鸭日粮中添加微生态制剂,可以改善鸭舍的环境质量,降低鸭粪中N、P含量,并且复合菌种微生态制剂效果优于单一菌种微生态制剂。     

发酵菜粕对蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响

研究发酵菜粕对219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响。试验分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别以0、4%、8%和12%发酵菜粕等氮替代日粮豆粕饲喂蛋鸡,以平板菌落计数法研究各组日粮和粪便中的微生物菌群数量,并测定其蛋品质。结果显示,发酵菜粕能显著减少蛋鸡日粮中大肠杆菌（P〈0.05）数量,增加乳酸菌（P〈0.01）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.01）、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量;饲喂发酵菜粕日粮后,粪便中的乳酸菌（P〈0.05）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.05）、双歧杆菌、酵母菌和肠球菌等有益微生物菌群数量都有明显增加,试验I组蛋壳厚度（P〈0.01）、蛋黄颜色（P〈0.01）和哈氏单位（P〈0.05）均有明显增加,试验Ⅱ组的蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位有极显著增加（P〈0.01）,试验Ⅲ组的哈氏单位有显著增加（P〈0.05）,但三个试验组的蛋重均有显著下降（P〈0.05）。结果表明,发酵菜粕能显著增加蛋鸡日粮和粪便中有益微生物数量,减少日粮中有害微生物数量,4%~8%的添加量能提高蛋品质。     

饲料中添加三种芽孢杆菌对建鲤生长及肠道菌群比较研究

以平均体重为(14.62±0.11)g的当年建鲤(Jian Carp)作为试验对象,设计4种实用饲料,对照组为基础日粮,试验组为基础日粮中分别添加0.1%的凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)、0.1%蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)(芽孢杆菌添加浓度均为1.5×1010个/kg),在室外水泥池中(7 m×7 m×1.5 m)养殖94 d,测定了鱼体的生长及肠道菌群。生长结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.1%的凝结芽孢杆菌饲料系数下降5.0%(P>0.05),特定生长率增加3.00%(P<0.05);添加0.1%的蜡样芽孢杆菌饲料系数下降2.50%(P>0.05),特定生长率增加0.5%(P>0.05);添加0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌饲料系数提高5.63%(P<0.05),特定生长率下降3.0%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,在饲料中添加0.1%的凝结芽孢杆菌使鲤鱼肠道内的细菌总数增加0.15%(P>0.05),大肠杆菌下降8.16%(P<0.05),弧菌下降17.32%(P<0.05),乳酸菌上升6.74%(P<0.05);添加0.1%的蜡样芽孢杆菌使鲤鱼肠道内的细菌总数增加11.13%(P<0.05),大肠杆菌上升10.6%(P<0.05),弧菌下降0.56%(P>0.05),乳酸菌增加0.63%(P>0.05)。添加0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌使鲤鱼肠道内的细菌总数增加12.17%(P<0.05),大肠杆菌增加8.32%(P<0.05),弧菌总数下降2.23%(P>0.05),乳酸菌下降6.90%(P>0.05)。因此,在鲤鱼饲料中添加凝结芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌对鲤鱼的生长和肠道健康有一定的促进作用,单独添加枯草芽孢杆菌的效果则有待进一步研究。     

天农飞鸭引种及生长性能研究

为了确定天农飞鸭合理的上市日龄,提高饲料利用率,试验测定了零世代天农飞鸭麻鸭、花鸭0～17周龄体重,探索麻鸭体重增重规律。结果表明:麻鸭在0～7周龄的累积生长量、绝对生长量和相对生长量在性别之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);公鸭体重在8～17周龄均显著高于母鸭(P<0.05),其中7～11周龄公鸭绝对生长量和相对生长量均显著高于母鸭(P<0.05),但12～17周龄公母鸭之间差异不显著(P>0.05);零世代天农飞鸭9周龄达上市体重的均匀度在70%左右,有待于通过选择提高。由生长规律的比较分析发现,花鸭的生长量略高于纯麻鸭。整体来看,麻鸭尚需进一步提纯,其营养配方尚待优化。     

芽孢益生菌剂Z-27替代抗生素在仔猪养殖中的应用

为了评价芽孢益生菌剂Z-27替代抗生素的效果,试验将96头杜长大杂交断奶仔猪随机分为对照组、抗生素组、抗生素+益生菌组和益生菌组。每天定时观察并记录仔猪粪便情况,最后计算腹泻指数。分别于正试期开始和结束时对仔猪空腹称重,并结算剩余料,计算平均日增重和料重比。饲喂30 d后屠宰,测定回肠、盲肠内容物和粪便中的大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌等细菌数。结果表明:与对照组相比,抗生素组、抗生素+益生菌组、益生菌组仔猪回肠、盲肠、粪便中大肠杆菌数均极显著降低(P0.01),且3组间差异不显著(P0.05);抗生素组、抗生素+益生菌组仔猪回肠、盲肠、粪便中芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌数极显著下降(P0.01);而益生菌组对应的仔猪回肠、盲肠、粪便中芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌数极显著增多(P0.01)。与对照组相比,抗生素组仔猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05),腹泻指数显著降低(P0.05);抗生素+益生菌组日增重提高不显著(P0.05),料重比降低不显著(P0.05),腹泻指数显著降低(P0.05);益生菌组日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05),腹泻指数显著降低(P0.05)。说明益生菌剂Z-27能替代本试验所用抗生素,使用后可提高仔猪生长性能,维护肠道微生态,减少仔猪腹泻。     

Plasma pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone following single intravenous administration in healthy and endometritic cows

Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vd_area, AUC, t_1/2β, Cl_B, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg⁻¹, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg⁻¹, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration. For MIC₉₀ of 0.5 μg.ml⁻¹ the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg⁻¹ repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.     

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.     

Ovarian activity in F1 prepubertal ewe lambs under tropical conditions

Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head^− 1 day^− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg^− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing.     

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs

Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose ¹⁵N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W^0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x² + 2.12x − 5.14 (r² = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x² − 4.10x + 32.25 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10^− 3x² + 1.31x − 122.28 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.     

Pharmacokinetics,plasma protein binding and bioavailability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after different routes of administration

In this study the disposition kinetics and plasma availability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) administrations of 5 mg kg^?1 b.wt. were investigated. The concentrations of moxifloxacin in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection on samples collected at frequent intervals after drug administration. Following intravenous injection, the decline in plasma drug concentration was bi-exponential with half-lives of (t_1/2α) 0.22 ± 0.10 h and (t_1/2β) 2.49 ± 0.26 h for distribution and elimination phases, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady-state (V_dss) was 1.02 ± 0.14 l kg^?1 and the total body clearance (Cl_tot) was 0.32 ± 0.11 l kg^?1 h^?1, respectively. After intramuscular and oral administration of moxifloxacin at the same dose the peak plasma concentrations (C_max) were 2.38 ± 0.43 and 2.11 ± 0.36 μg ml^?1 and were obtained at 1.47 ± 0.26 and 1.83 ± 0.16 h (T_max), respectively, the elimination half-lives (T_1/2el) were 3.14 ± 0.42 and 2.63 ± 0.44 h, respectively, and AUC_0–24 were 15.87 ± 2.35 and 14.52 ± 2.37 μg ml^?1 h^?1, respectively. The systemic bioavailabilities were 96.36 ± 11.54% and 86.79 ± 12.64%, respectively. In vitro plasma protein binding percent was 32%. We concluded that moxifloxacin might be clinically interesting alternative for the treatment of most sensitive bacterial infections in Muscovy ducks.     

Leptospirosis in Colombia: Isolation ofLeptospira SPP. from the kidneys of brown rats (Rattus Norvegicus) trapped on infected piggeries

Summary Leptospira interrogansserotypes pomonaand icterohaemorrhagiaewere isolated from the kidneys of Rattus norvegicustrapped on pomonainfected piggeries.The isolation of pomonafrom one of 111cultured kidneys, although of interest, strongly suggests that this rat does not play an important part in the epidemiology of infection by this serotype. Kidney tubular degeneration, focal mononuclear infiltrations and fibroplasia are morphological traces which remain after an attack of leptospirosis. The high percentage (48.6)of these lesions found in the rat kidneys examined does not seem to be related to serotype pomonabut to icterohaemorrhagiae.The importance of this last serotype in swine in the Cauca Valley has yet to be assessed.

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Leptospirosis En Colombia: Aislamiento DeLeptospira SPP. De Riñones De Ratas Pardas (Rattus Norvegicus) Atrapadas En Porquerizas Infectadas

Resumen Se aislóLeptospira interrogans serotipospomona eicterohaemorrhagiae de riñones deRattus norvegicus atrapadas en porquerizas infectadas porpomona. El aislamiento depomona de 1/111 riñones cultivados, aunque de interés, sugiere que esta rata no desempeña parte importante en la epidemiología de las infecciones por este serotipo.Degeneración tubular renal, infiltración mononuclear focal y fibroplasia son huellas morfológicas que quedan después de un ataque de leptospirosis. El alto porcentaje (48.6) de estas lesiones encontradas en los riñones de las ratas examinadas no parece estar relacionado con el serotipopomona sino con elicterohaemorrhagiae. La importancia de este último seroptipo en cerdos en el Valle del Cauca no se ha evaluado todavía.

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Leptospiroses En Colombie: Isolement DeLeptospira SPP. De Reins De Rats Bruns (Rattus Norvegicus) Captures Dans Des Porcheries

Résumé Les sérotypespomona eticterohaemorrhagiae deLeptospira interrogans ont été isolés de reins deRattus norvegicus capturés dans des porcheries infectées de (pomona?). L'isolement depomona sur une seule des 111 cultures de rein effectuées, bien qu'interessant, suggère fortement que ce rat ne joue pas un rôle important dans l'épidémiologie de l'infection par ce sérotype.La dégénerescence tubulaire des reins, des infiltrations ponctuelles par des monocucléaires et l'aspect fibreux constituent les traces morphologiques qui demeurent après une attaque de leptospirose. Le pourcentage élevé (48,6) de ces lésions trouvées dans les les reins des rats examinés semble être plus en rapport avec le sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae qu'avec le sérotypepomona. L'importance du sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae chez le porc de la Cauca Valley est encore à vérifier.

     

Filarial infection of equidae in the Tehran area of Iran

Summary Microfilariae of three genera, namelyElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa were recovered from blood samples of equidae in Tehran, Iran. These microfilarial infections in equidae are reported for the first time from Iran.

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Infestacion Filaroidea De Equinos En El Area De Teheran, Iran

Resumen Microfilarias de tres géneros,Elaeophora bohmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa se aislaron de la sangre de equinos en el area de Teherán, Irán. Este es el primer reporte de la infestación filaroidea de equinos en Irán.

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Filariose Des Equides Dans La Region De Teheran En Iran

Résumé Les microfilaires des genresElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervalis etParafilaria multipapillosa ont été trouvées dans des échantillons de sang d'équidés de la région de Téhéran en Iran. C'est la première fois qu'un tel parasitisme des équidés est constaté en Iran.

     

Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Mali

Summary A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibody activity toBabesia bovis andB. bigemina. It was found that the level ofB. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence ofB. bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as likely to have positive titres toBabesia as were the zebus.

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Prevalencia Serologica De Babesiosis Bovina En Mali

Resumen Se llevó a cabo un análisis serológico en Malí, para detectar la prevalencia deBabesia bovis yBabesia bigemina. Se encontró, que la prevalencia serológica deB. bovis es baja para considerar la enfermedad una amenaza inmediata. Sinembargo, la prevalencia deB. bigemina fué alta, un problema potencial. Tambien se encontró, que cuando el ganado Cebu y N'Dama pastorea junto, el N'Dama presenta el doble de títulos serológicos deB. bigemina.

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Frequence Serologique De La Babesiose Bovine Au Mali

Résumé Une enquête sérologique sur le bétail au Mali a été effectuée pour déterminer la fréquence de l'activité des anticorps àBabesia bovis etB. bigemina. On a trouvé que le degré d'infection àB. bovis tel qu'indiqué par les réactions anticorps était trop faible pour constituer un souci immédiat. Cependant la fréquence sérologique deB. bigemina était élevée, ce qui peut indiquer un problème pathologique potentiel. On a aussi noté que lorsque les zébus et les N'Dama broûtaient ensemble, les N'Dama avaient deux fois plus de chance d'avoir des titres positifs àBabesia que ne l'avaient les zébus.

     

Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers

Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH₃‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers.