不同地理种源鹅掌楸幼苗生长适应性比较

研究了南方６省７个不同地理种源鹅掌楸幼苗在南京地区阳生生境中的生长表现，测定了２年生幼苗生长量差异和光合日进程中净光合速率差异。结果表明，就光生理而言，盐津、金平和资源等种源在南京地区的阳生生境中生长状态良好，铜鼓种源则生长较差。     

鹅掌楸种源试验研究

笔者以湖北省京山县鹅掌楸属种源试验林2个树种鹅掌楸与北美鹅掌楸共20个种源为对象,进行了14 a时的生长和主要木材性状的研究。结果表明:北美鹅掌楸的生长优于鹅掌楸,而木材性状则不及鹅掌楸。在胸径、树高、材积、基本密度和纤维长度5个测试性状中,各种源之间存在显著或者极显著差异,为优良种源的选择奠定了基础。相同试验材料不同试验点的结果存在较大分歧表明:鹅掌楸受到较强的环境因素影响,因此在进行种源选择时必须加以考虑。     

马褂木（鹅掌楸）地理种源试验研究报告

对木兰科鹅掌楸属的2个种即鹅掌楸（马褂木）、北美鹅掌楸共17个种源进行了育苗试验,20个种源进行了造林试验。经过6年的生长对比及方差分析,表明各种源间的生长存在着极显著的遗传差异。     

马褂木种源在南京的适应性评价

利用栽培在南京林业大学树木园的13个地理种源马褂木植株,经连续5年的观测,研究各种源的适应竞争与生长表现.结果表明,各种源植株的保存率存在极显著差异,贵州黎平种源表现出较强的适应性,其保存率达72％,而福建柘荣种源适应性最差,保存率仅为8％.生长表现方面,种源间树高、胸径及年均树高生长量均存在极显著差异.对各种源的保存率和生长量进行综合比较,以贵州黎平、湖北鹤峰及浙江松阳3个种源表现较好,可作为南京地区的优良种源推广;而江西庐山、陕西汉中和云南金平3个种源则表现较差,不适宜在南京地区引种栽培.其中,福建柘荣种源在试验过程中个体大量死亡,原因在于该种源主要来于近交群体,近交衰退可能是存活率较低的主要原因.     

鹅掌楸种源遗传变异和选择评价

在中国鹅掌楸全分布区内抽样15个种源，于长江中下游5省区按统一试验设计营造种源试验林，7年生时全面测定其树高（H）、胸径（DBH）、冠幅（RC）等主要生长性状，进行遗传6变异分析，结果表明：中国鹅掌楸生长性状在种源间存在显著的遗传差异，地点间差异极显著，种源对环境反映灵敏，种源与地点间存在明显的交互作用，H、DBH和材积（V）的广义遗传力分别为0.503、0.526、0.521，受较强的遗传控制；RC受遗传控制程度相对较低（H^2=0.301)。相继进行了遗传稳定性、生长适应性分析和幼成龄相关分析，分析结果为种源选择和评价提供了理论依据，多点综合选择选出黎平、伤痛永两个优良种源，遗传增益11.8%。单点选择分别选出1-3个丰产种源，遗传增益达15.4%-51.5%。     

鹅掌楸属树种种源试验研究

以木兰科鹅掌楸属的2个种，即中国鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸的17个种源试验林为材料，分析了各种源12a生时的生长量。结果表明：生长量在两个种间差异明显，北美鹅掌楸明显优于中国鹅掌楸；同时，生长量在种内不同种源间也存在显著差异，而种源内个体间差异不显著。对中国鹅掌楸12个种源的生长量与地理、气候因子的相关分析结果表明中国鹅掌楸的生长量有从南至北逐渐增加的趋势，呈现出渐变群的地理变异模式；而生长量与气候因子相关不大。通过聚类分析，可将中国鹅掌楸12个种源分为两大类。     

RAD-seq技术研究鹅掌楸属种源遗传多样性和遗传结构

【目的】揭示鹅掌楸属遗传结构和地理变异特点,为鹅掌楸属遗传资源的保存、利用及改良提供依据。【方法】以9个鹅掌楸种源97份样本和4个北美鹅掌楸种源46份样本为材料,采用RAD-seq测序鉴定各样本SNP标记,计算观测杂合度(H_o)、期望杂合度(H_e)、核苷酸多样性(π)和基因分化系数(G_st)等遗传统计量指标,分析鹅掌楸属种源遗传多样性和遗传结构。【结果】在143份鹅掌楸属样本中共鉴定出4 454个高质量的SNP标记;鹅掌楸种源之间存在较大的遗传分化以及中水平的基因流(G_st=0.241 9、N_m=0.805 1),北美鹅掌楸种源之间存在很大的的遗传分化以及低水平的基因流(G_st=0.388 6>0.25、N_m=0.397 0);通过结构分析将13个鹅掌楸属种源分为3个类群,其中9个中国的鹅掌楸种源被分为东部种源群(即类群2)和西部种源群(即类群1),类群3均为北美鹅掌楸,遗传多样性顺序为：类群3>类群1>类群2。【结...     

鹅掌楸属在山丘湖区引种试验研究

鹅掌楸属植物现有2种1杂交种,引种栽培试验表明,均适宜我省生长。其中,杂交鹅掌楸综合其双亲特征,表现出一定的优势,在山区、丘陵和湖区都生长良好。鹅掌楸则更适宜我省山区栽培。北美鹅掌楸在我省丘陵和湖区的适应性较鹅掌楸强。     

北美鹅掌楸的繁殖与园林应用

鹅掌楸是木兰科Magnoliaceae鹅掌楸属Liriodendron L.植物.该属现仅存2种,1种是分布于我国中部和南部山区的中国鹅掌楸Liriodendron Chinense(Hemsl.)Sarg,已处于濒危状态,被列为国家二级保护树种;另1种为广泛分布于美国东部至加拿大东南部的北美鹅掌楸L.tulipifera L.为了保护我国的种质资源,培育和繁殖优质的鹅掌楸种属,我国引进来大量的北美鹅掌楸树种,研究它们的生长习性、适应性、培育技术、基因信息等,提高北美鹅掌楸优质种源在我国的应用.     

北美鹅掌楸实生苗苗期生长性状变异分析

对引进繁育的北美鹋掌楸实生苗的高、地径、叶片宽、叶片长和叶全长等性状进行了调查分析,研究结果表明,该树种在济南地区能健壮生长;种源内及种源闻实生苗高、地径生长量及叶相关性状均表现出较大变异,苗高和叶片长生长量变异达到显著水平,加拿大多伦多种源较为优异;在山东进行引种繁育北美鹅掌楸,需进行种源及个体选择;苗期苗高是进行早期筛选的理想指标。     

金沙江干热河谷适生树种的引种和早期适应性研究

相思(Acacia spp.)类树种类型多,分布广,除欧洲及南极外各大洲均有分布,尤以澳大利亚最多,其次为非洲;该类树种主要生长在干旱半干旱地区,垂直分布在海平面附近至1 500 m以上;该树种生长快,用途广泛,有根瘤,具有强力固氮作用[1,2];生物量大,枯枝落叶多,对土壤有很好的改良作用[3～5];此外,网脉相思(Acacia aneura F.Muell.ex Benth.)、维多利亚相思(A.victoriae Beath.)还能用作饲料,如网脉相思被认为是澳大利亚干旱季节牲口最充足和营养丰富的饲料.20世纪60年代以来,我国已引种了大叶相思(A.auriculaeformis A.Cunn.)、马占相思(A. mangium Willd.)、厚荚相思(A. crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth.)、纹荚相思(A.aulacocarpa A.Cunn ex Benth.)等,这些相思树种在荒山绿化、薪炭林经营、水土保持及公路建设中发挥了重要作用.     

江南油杉种源家系早期生长分析

对广东省乐昌市江南油杉(Keteleeria cyclolepis) 种源/家系试验林内 1 a生苗木和2 a生幼树生长开展试验分析,统计分析结果表明:苗木和幼树的种源效应和种源内的家系效应均达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),开展优良种源和家系选择可行;相关性分析表明苗木与幼树生长性状存在极显著的相关关系(α=0.01),苗木生长表现优良的种源/家系,在试验林中生长表现也较优;遗传参数估算研究表明,种源遗传力略大于家系遗传力,但各测定遗传力均处于中等偏下水平;早期优良种源、家系选择研究中,根据各种源/家系的高度和地径生长表现,选出优良种源2个,优良家系6个,优良家系均产于优良种源内.     

Genetic variation in seed and seedling traits in 12 African provenances of Faidherbia albida (del.) A. Chev. at Lodwar, Kenya

The extent of genetic variation in seed length, width, thickness, weight and germination percentage and seedling traits among and within 12 African provenances of Faidherbia albida was examined. The regional provenances showed a consistent variation in seed length, seed width and seed weight: the southern African provenances had the largest seeds and west African provenances the smallest. Seedling height, stem collar diameter and true leaf number differed (P = 0.05) among the provenances 90 days after germination. The seedlings from west Africa were shorter, had smaller stem collar diameter and fewer leaves. In contrast, the southern and east African provenances had taller seedlings with bigger seedling diameter and more leaves per seedling. Seedling traits did not show clear-cut divisions between southern and east African provenances, but the west African provenances formed a distinct group. Positive correlations were found in some of the seed characteristics and seedling height among provenances, which could be an important criterion for early provenance selection. Greater variation was observed for seed and seedling traits among than within provenances suggesting that selection among provenances might result in rapid genetic gain for the traits studied. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

杉木种源－林分－家系遗传变异研究

运用杉木种源、林分、家系三水平联合试验６年生林分的生长性状和物候观测资料，研究其遗传变异信息。结果显示，种源间、种源内林分间、林分内单株间的胸径、树高、材积都存在极显著差异；在三水平任何层次上的生长性状选择都是有效的，但各层次变异差别很大，其方差分量排序依次为：种源＞林分＞家系，种源、林分、单株材积遗传力分别为０．８４８、０．３９９、０．２３２；选择层次依次是种源、林分、单株。种源（群体）是较稳定的遗传单位，但种源内林分间差异显著，可进一步探讨遗传学上的杉木种源单位的确切范围。种子发芽率、物候因子分析表明，种源间差异显著，林分间差异不显著。     

Three year performance of international provenance trials of Acacia auriculiformis

The performance of 25 provenances in international trials on seven sites in four countries was assessed for survival and growth at 3 years. Of these provenances, seven were from Queensland, 12 from Northern Territory, Australia, and six from Papua New Guinea. Significant growth differences were found: (a) among provenances at four sites, (b) among the sites, and (c) between provenance regions. The interaction between sites and provenances as well as between sites and provenance regions was also significant. The poorest growth was recorded in Kanchanaburi, Thailand, while the best growth was in Banjarbaru, Indonesia. Stability analyses of the provenance x site interaction revealed eight provenances with high vigour and good tree form that were relatively stable across sites. These included Archer River, South Coen, Coen River and Wenlock River provenances from Queensland; Noogoo Swamp and Mann River provenances from Northern Territory; and North Bensbach and Old Tonda Village provenances from Papua New Guinea.     

不同产地间、产地内杉木过氧化物同工酶的变异研究

不同产地间、产地内杉木过氧化物同工酶的变异研究＊杨自湘李玲关键词杉木、产地、过氧化物同工酶、酶带分离度同工酶是基因活动的产物，用来认识基因的存在表达，由生化表型反映其基因型，将宏观的遗传现象结合到微观的分子水平上加以研究，因而同工酶技术已成功地应用到...     

Frost hardiness of 16 European provenances of sessile oak growing in Scotland

The frost hardiness of 16 European provenances of sessile oakQuercus petraea (Matt.)Liebl. originating from six Europeancountries was examined from autumn until budburst in springusing the method of relative conductivity. There were significant differences of frost hardiness betweenprovenances and a strong relationship between phenology andfrost hardiness. In spring, provenances that burst bud earlydehardened earlier than provenances that burst bud later. Inautumn, provenances that stopped growing early were more frosthardy than provenances that continued to grow. The interprovenance ranges of frost hardiness were greatestin spring and autumn and least in midwinter. Consequently, itwas not possible to demonstrate significant differences of frosthardiness between provenances in December and January. Overall, German, Polish and Danish provenances were more frosthardy than French, Austrian and British provenances. Frenchprovenances were least hardy at all times.     

不同俄罗斯种源欧洲垂枝桦播种苗的生长比较研究

以引进俄罗斯不同种源欧洲垂枝桦为材料,对其播种苗生长进行了系统比较研究。结果表明:不同种源欧洲垂枝桦播种苗生长具有极显著的差异,其地径和苗高的生长量大小依次为新西伯利亚种源>巴尔瑙尔种源>阿尔泰种源>对照种源;模糊综合评价法分析表明,不同种源欧洲垂枝桦播种苗生长量排序依次为新西伯利亚种源>巴尔瑙尔种源>阿尔泰种源>对照种源,新西伯利亚种源是不同种源欧洲垂枝桦播种苗中综合生长量最大的一个种源。     

Early growth and survival of Eucalyptus pellita provenances in a range of tropical environments,compared with E. grandis,E. urophylla and Acacia mangium

Provenance/family trials of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell were established at three seasonally-dry tropical sites in northern Australia (two in north Queensland and one on Melville Island in the Northern Territory), and at Luasong, a tropical site with year-round high rainfall and humidity in Sabah, Malaysia. After 2–3 years, it was clear that New Guinea provenances outperformed Queensland provenances in their survival, growth and form, and in their crown health, in the humid tropical environment of Luasong. New Guinea provenances were also clearly superior to Queensland provenances in their growth and form at Melville Island, but less clearly so at Cardwell, Queensland. Among Queensland provenances, Helenvale and Kuranda were superior to the more northerly Cape York provenances, Tozers Gap and Lankelly Creek, while there was little difference between the two New Guinea provenances tested, Bupul-Muting (Irian Jaya) and Keru (Papua New Guinea). Significant differences in growth traits, form and survival were demonstrated between families within provenances. In a species/provenance trial at Luasong, E. pellita displayed better growth and survival than tropical provenances of E. grandis and E. urophylla, but was inferior in growth and crown health to Acacia mangium.     

三尖杉种源遗传多样性

应用ISSR分子标记对我国三尖杉主要分布区16个地理种源的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行分析.结果表明,三尖杉具有丰富的遗传多样性,总的种源基因多样性为0.337 7.研究发现,不同种源的遗传多样性差异较大,遗传多样性较高的种源主要来自三尖杉自然分布区的东部和偏中东部地区.由于小种群效应, 以及缺乏有效的基因流和生境的片断化,三尖杉种源间的遗传分化较大,25.9%的遗传变异存在于种源间,而74.1%的遗传变异来自于种源内.聚类结果显示,来自东部和偏中东部、遗传多样性较高的种源聚成一支.该区域和边缘分布区种源间遗传多样性的差异在很大程度上可能归因于长叶和短叶2种类型三尖杉种源间的差异.研究还表明,种源间的遗传距离与其地理距离相关不显著.