天然植物提取物对畜禽生产性能及肉品质应用研究

随着消费者对食品安全、肉品质需求以及畜禽产品抗生素残留等问题的关注,开发安全、有效、环保的替代品以提高畜禽生产性能及肉质品质成为重中之重。天然植物提取物作为一种潜在的抗生素替代品,具有丰富的生物活性成分,如多糖类和黄酮类,这些成分对畜禽生产性能和肉质品质具有积极影响。该文主要探讨部分天然植物提取物对畜禽生产性能及肉品质影响及其作用机制,旨在为广大养殖业者提供关于利用天然植物提取物提高畜禽生产性能及肉质品质的科学依据和实践指导。     

饲料因素对食品卫生的影响

食品质量的优劣,究其根源,与饲料的品种有密切关系。饲料品质的好坏,不仅直接影响畜禽健康和生产力,其残留在肉、蛋、奶等畜禽产品中的毒物,还会通过食物链对人的健康产生间接的影响。     

杜仲及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

杜仲是我国一种传统的名贵中药材,在我国分布较广泛,资源丰富。杜仲的活性成分具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗病毒和抗氧化等作用,在提高畜禽的生长与生产性能、健康水平等方面有着重要影响。本文就杜仲及其提取物对畜禽的生产性能、肉品质和防病治病等方面的研究进展进行综述,为杜仲及其提取物在畜禽生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。     

待宰生猪也应享受基本福利

随着人们生活水平的提高，对肉品的要求也越来越高，人们不仅要吃“放心肉”、“安全肉”，还要吃上味道鲜美的肉品。因此，作为畜禽的生产者不仅要注重畜禽的健康、快速生长．还要结合畜禽原有的生活习性，保持畜禽原有的品质     

饲料质量对畜产品品质的影响

养殖业可以说是人类用饲料喂养畜禽而换取肉蛋奶等蛋白质产品的过程。饲料是畜禽的食物,饲料质量优质不仅与畜禽生产能力有关,而且与畜产品的质量密切相关。现代人们对于畜产品的品质要求,除外观体脂硬度、胴体瘦肉率、肉品色泽和口     

发酵苜蓿品质影响因素及在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

在畜禽日粮中添加发酵苜蓿能显著的提高生产性能、产品质量和经济效益。发酵苜蓿的品质是影响畜禽生产性能发挥的重要因素,充分了解发酵苜蓿品质影响的因素对提高苜蓿发酵品质十分重要。本文就发酵苜蓿品质影响因素及在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述,旨在提高发酵苜蓿在动物生产中广泛应用。     

二氢吡啶促进畜禽生理功能的研究进展

二氢吡啶是一种高效及多功能的新型饲料添加剂。二氢吡啶能对畜禽的多种生理功能产生影响，如抗氧化、提高机体免疫力和调节畜禽内分泌等。二氢吡啶可促进畜禽生长，提高生产性能和饲料转化率，改善肉品质和防病等。     

乡村兽医在畜禽疾病防治中存在的问题及对策

当前,随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的生活水平也在不断提升,人们对肉、奶和蛋类产品的质量要求越来越高。畜禽疾病已经引起人们的广泛关注,所以,乡村兽医应该在畜禽疾病的防治工作中发挥有效的作用。     

浅谈动物检疫与肉品品质检验的关系

畜禽定点屠宰在我国开展多年，尤其生猪定点屠宰实施的更早，国家为此还专门颁布了《生猪屠宰管理条例》。畜禽屠宰过程中的动物检疫与肉品品质检验之间的关系也日益成为人们关注的焦点。由于二者常被混淆，在实际工作中动物检疫员与肉品品质检验员之间经常发生责权不分现象，导致该管的没管好，不该管的又越权超范围执法的行为时有发生。笔者依多年的动检经验和学习心得，在此浅谈一下二者之间的关系，供广大同行参考。     

《山西省畜禽屠宰管理条例》正式实施

2009年1月1日起，《山西省畜禽屠宰管理条例》正式实施。以后，经过肉品品质检验合格的畜禽产品都须出具合格证明。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.