灵芝连作障碍下的自毒作用

以灵芝为试材,分别制备灵芝发酵液、灵芝菌丝体及子实体的水提取液,将发酵液和菌丝体提取液分别配制成25%、50%、75%、100%4种体积百分比浓度;灵芝菌盖和菌柄分别配制成40%、60%、80%、100%4种体积百分比浓度后加入等量的PDA平板中培养灵芝菌丝体,记录菌丝萌发天数、菌落直径与菌丝干重,并计算自化感效应值(RI),研究灵芝连作障碍下的菌体自毒作用。结果表明:低浓度的菌丝体水提取液和发酵液促进灵芝菌丝伸长,高浓度的菌丝体水提取液和发酵液抑制菌丝的伸长,但不同浓度的菌丝体和发酵液处理组的菌丝干重的自化感效应值均为负值;不同浓度的灵芝菌柄和菌盖水提取液对灵芝均有较强的自毒作用,表现为抑制菌丝的萌发和菌丝的长势;当浓度为80%时,子实体的菌盖和菌柄水提取液菌落直径和菌丝干重与对照相差最大,自化感效应值最大,其菌落直径的化感效应为分别为-0.494和-0.541,菌丝干重的自化感效应值分别为-0.750和0.808。由此得出,灵芝子实体的水提取液比灵芝菌丝体的水提取液和发酵液有更强的自毒作用。     

银耳子实体及菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子萌发条件探索

为探索由银耳(Tremella fuciformis)子实体、菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子(FBMds)的萌发条件,研究比较了不同来源和不同浓度的香灰菌(Annuloypoxylon stygium)浸提液及不同来源银耳孢子发酵液对银耳Tr21 FBMds萌发率的影响.试验结果表明,香灰菌浸提液和银耳孢子发酵液均有...     

不同浓度NaCl溶液对几种草坪草种子萌发率的影响

为探究不同浓度Na Cl溶液对几种草坪草种子萌发率的影响,比较不同草坪草种子萌发阶段的耐盐性,以白三叶(Trifolium repens)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、早熟禾(Poa annua)和剪股颖(Agrostis matsumurae)的种子为研究对象,用不同浓度Na Cl溶液(0.00%、0.30%、0.50%、0.70%、0.90%和1.10%)处理种子,进行萌发试验。研究表明:随Na Cl溶液浓度升高,几种草坪草种子萌发率均呈下降趋势;黑麦草种子在所有处理下萌发率显著最高,且其萌发可适应的Na Cl溶液浓度范围最广,即其萌发阶段的耐盐性最强;白三叶种子在所有处理下萌发率次之,即其种子萌发阶段的耐盐性较强;红三叶种子只在0.00%和0.30%的Na Cl溶液中具有较高萌发率,即其种子萌发阶段具有较强的耐低盐胁迫能力;剪股颖和早熟禾种子萌发率显著较低,即其种子萌发阶段耐盐性较差。     

消毒时间、光照和温度对金鱼草种子萌发的影响

以金鱼草种子为研究对象,研究了用质量分数2%NaClO消毒不同时间、不同温度、变温、光照和黑暗处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:用2%NaClO消毒6min为金鱼草种子适宜的消毒时间。黑暗处理使幼苗徒长,光照条件下植株生长健壮,黑暗和光照处理对种子萌发率影响不大。金鱼草种子在25℃时发芽率最高,为88.89%。种变温30℃/20℃处理加快了种子的萌发,整体提高了种子发芽率。     

香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的鉴定及香蕉组培袋装苗防病试验

采用平板对峙法比较海南省土壤中分离到的5株对香蕉枯萎病有较强拮抗作用细菌,并进行形态特征及16S rDNA序列鉴定.结果表明,菌株S40为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis.不同浓度S40的发酵滤液均可抑制病原菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和生长.该拮抗菌发酵液可明显推迟组培袋装香蕉苗发病和死亡,不同处理的相对防治效果均大于70%.     

蜜环菌保健饮料的研制

以蜜环菌菌丝体及其发酵液为主要原料,采用正交实验对稳定剂及饮料配方进行优化。结果表明:蜜环菌保健饮料的最佳配方为蜜环菌菌汁10%、蔗糖10%、柠檬酸0.3%,稳定剂CMC为0.15%。     

两种老鹳草属种子萌发特性研究

以草原老鹳草和毛蕊老鹳草为试材,采用不同种子处理方法、不同的萌发温度条件,测定2种老鹳草种子的发芽率、发芽势,研究老鹳草种子萌发特性,以期为老鹳草属植物的选育、繁殖提供参考。结果表明:不同老鹳草属种子在相同处理条件下的萌发率不同。2种老鹳草属种子萌发要求的最佳温度也不同。草原老鹳草种子发芽率最高是经砂纸摩擦处理组,为88.3%,发芽势为88.3%,最佳萌发温度为20℃。毛蕊老鹳草种子发芽率最高的是砂纸摩擦处理组,为86.6%,发芽势为86.6%,最佳萌发温度为25℃。     

一株野生硫磺菌的分类鉴定及其菌丝培养条件优化

经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,明确采自山西的一株野生大型真菌为硫磺菌,对其进行分类鉴定,并采取单因素试验研究碳源、氮源、碳氮比、培养温度、pH对该菌菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明：该菌菌丝体生长的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏;通过响应面优化得到菌丝体最佳培养条件为碳氮比40∶1,培养温度26.5℃,pH 5,在此条件下菌丝生长速率为5.608 mm/d。     

棘托竹荪液态深层发酵水提物和不同浓度乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性及化学成分分析

测定棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)液体发酵菌丝体和发酵液水提物及不同浓度乙醇提取物DPPH自由基清除能力以评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:棘托竹荪菌丝体的20%、60%乙醇提取物,发酵液的20%、60%和95%乙醇提取物均具有较好的抗氧化能力,其清除DPPH自由基的能力强于对照品芦丁,其中棘托竹荪发酵菌丝体的20%醇提物抗氧化活性最强,其清除DPPH自由基的IC50值为0.012mg/mL。利用中药材系统预实验方法鉴定了棘托竹荪发酵菌丝体和发酵液水提物及不同浓度乙醇提取物所含化学成分类型。结果表明:棘托竹荪发酵菌丝体和发酵液的水提物及不同浓度乙醇提取物中均可能含有糖类、氨基酸和蛋白、有机酸等物质,而黄酮体、生物碱、蒽醌和甾体等类物质在不同浓度乙醇提取物中的含量有所差异。     

温度和盐分胁迫对耳叶补血草种子萌发的影响

利用控制试验研究温度和盐分胁迫等生态因子对耳叶补血草种子萌发的影响。结果表明,耳叶补血草种子萌发的最适温度为25～30℃。盐胁迫对耳叶补血草种子的萌发均有明显的抑制作用,随着盐浓度的增加,萌发率和萌发速率下降。在适宜萌发温度下,耳叶补血草种子萌发的耐盐极限值为0.4 mol/L。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。