Isolation and characterization of canine umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to possess the potential for multiple differentiations abilities in vitro and in vivo. In canine system, studying stem cell therapy is important, but so far, stem cells from canine were not identified and characterized. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized MSCs from the canine umbilical cord and its fetal blood. Canine MSCs (cMSCs) were grown in medium containing low glucose DMEM with 20% FBS. The cMSCs have stem cells expression patterns which are concerned with MSCs surface markers by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The cMSCs had multipotent abilities. In the neuronal differentiation study, the cMSCs expressed the neuronal markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal class III β tubulin (Tuj-1), neurofilament M (NF160) in the basal culture media. After neuronal differentiation, the cMSCs expressed the neuronal markers Nestin, GFAP, Tuj-1, microtubule-associated protein 2, NF160. In the osteogenic & chondrogenic differentiation studies, cMSCs were stained with alizarin red and toluidine blue staining, respectively. With osteogenic differentiation, the cMSCs presented osteoblastic differentiation genes by RT-PCR. This finding also suggests that cMSCs might have the ability to differentiate multipotentially. It was concluded that isolated MSCs from canine cord blood have multipotential differentiation abilities. Therefore, it is suggested that cMSCs may represent a be a good model system for stem cell biology and could be useful as a therapeutic modality for canine incurable or intractable diseases, including spinal cord injuries in future regenerative medicine studies.     

Isolation and characterization of canine tumor endothelial cells

The present study involved the isolation and characterization of canine tumor endothelial cells (TECs) from 2 malignancies. TECs were isolated using magnetic cell sorting following FITC labeling with UEA1 lectin, and they were characterized by measuring genetic and histopathological endothelial markers. Isolated TECs exhibited a cobblestone-like morphology and expressed both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and Von Willebrand factor (vWF). Further, both TECs and tumor cells derived from a seminoma exhibited increased C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) expression. However, CXCR7 expression was not detected in TECs and tumor cells derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding TEC specific traits may be important in the development of more efficacious anti-angiogenic therapies that do not induce adverse effects.     

荷斯坦奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养

目的：建立荷斯坦奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养方法。方法：采用组织块种植法培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,利用胰蛋白酶差时消化法分离、纯化上皮细胞。结果：成功培养出奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,显微镜下观察,纯化的乳腺上皮细胞呈典型上皮细胞形态,细胞之间排列紧密,呈鹅卵石铺路样,形态均一,多角形的单层聚集。通过荧光免疫细胞染色方法对细胞骨架蛋白-角蛋白18进行鉴定,呈现阳性反应。乳腺上皮细胞增殖旺盛,经25次以上传代后长势仍然良好。结论：采用组织块种植法结合胰酶差时消化法成功获得纯化的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞。     

The infection of primary avian tracheal epithelial cells with infectious bronchitis virus

Here we introduce a culture system for the isolation, passaging and amplification of avian tracheal epithelial (ATE) cells. The ATE medium, which contains chicken embryo extract and fetal bovine serum, supports the growth of ciliated cells, goblet cells and basal cells from chicken tracheas on fibronectin- or matrigel-coated dishes. Non-epithelial cells make up less than 10% of the total population. We further show that ATE cells support the replication and spread of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Interestingly, immunocytostaining revealed that basal cells are resistant to IBV infection. We also demonstrate that glycosaminoglycan had no effect on infection of the cells by IBV. Taken together, these findings suggest that primary ATE cells provide a novel cell culture system for the amplification of IBV and the in vitro characterization of viral cytopathogenesis.     

鸡肠上皮细胞的分离及原代培养方法

取18日龄鸡胚，研究鸡肠上皮细胞（IEC）分离及原代培养的方法。结果表明：较好的分离条件是肠组织经0.1g／L中性蛋白酶和300U／mL胶原酶Ⅺ联合消化；较佳的培养条件是细胞在含2．5％～5％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中，39℃、5％～7．5％CO2下培养，IEC可在1～2d贴壁，6～7d明显增殖，11～12d汇合成片。     

Evaluation of embryonic age and the effects of different proteases on the isolation and primary culture of chicken intestinal epithelial cells in vitro

The present study evaluates the effects of embryonic age and proteolytic enzymes on the isolation and primary culture of chicken enterocyte and to establish an effective technique for chicken intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) cultivation. Fourteen‐day‐old, 16‐day‐old and 18‐day‐old embryos (average weight: 52.23 ± 0.76 g, 50.86 ± 0.99 g, 48.98 ± 1.03 g) were the source for preparation of enterocyte culture, and trypsin‐ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, collagenase, thermolysin and combination of collagenase and thermolysin were used for digestion medium. Optimal culture protocols were determined by qualitative assays of proliferation. Cells isolated by using 14‐day‐old embryo and collagenase obtain the best attachment and growth in culture, and the production of continuously growing IEC cultures. Thus, we conclude that the use of collagenase as a dissociating enzyme and 14‐day‐old embryo as a source can be advantageously applied to the isolation of chicken IEC and this method may be useful for various applications and basic studies of the intestinal tract concerning such objects as physiology, immunology and toxicology.     

Isolation,proliferation and characterization of endometrial canine stem cells

In the last decade, progenitor cells isolated from dissociated endometrial tissue have been the subject of many studies in several animal species. Recently, endometrial cells showing characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been demonstrated in human, pig and cow uterine tissue samples. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of stromal cells from the endometrium of healthy bitches, a tissue that after elective surgery is routinely discarded. Multipotent stromal cells could be isolated from all bitches enrolled in the study (n = 7). The multipotency of cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic lineages. Clonogenicity and cell proliferation ability were also tested. Furthermore, gene expression analysis by RT‐PCR was used to compare the expression of a set of genes (CD44, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD13, CD133, CD73, CD31 CD105, Oct4) with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. Stromal cells isolated from uterine endometrium showed similar morphology, ability of subculture and plasticity, and also expressed a panel of genes comparable with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. These data suggest that endometrial stromal cells fulfil the basic criteria proposed by the “Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy” for the identification of mesenchymal stem cells. Although endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSC) showed a lower replicative ability in comparison with adipose tissue‐derived MSC, they could be considered a cell therapeutic agent alternative to adipose tissue or bone marrow‐derived MSC in dog.     

ADAMTS17 mutation associated with primary lens luxation is widespread among breeds

Primary lens luxation (PLL) is a well-recognized, painful and potentially blinding inherited ocular condition in dogs. We screened PLL-affected dogs of 30 different breeds, to identify those which carried a previously described c.1473+1 G>A mutation in ADAMTS17 that is associated with PLL in Miniature Bull terriers, Lancashire Heelers, and Jack Russell terriers. This ADAMTS17 mutation was identified in PLL-affected dogs from 14 additional breeds. PLL-affected dogs from some breeds (most notably the Shar pei and the Brittany spaniel) did not carry the G1473+1A ADAMTS17 mutation, indicating they must suffer from a genetically distinct form of the condition. We also estimated the frequency of this ADAMTS17 mutation in some of the breeds. Our findings indicate the mutation segregates in a large number of different breeds of dog, many of which are terriers or breeds with terrier co-ancestry, but some of which have more diverse origins. Our results also indicate that the mutation is present at high frequency within most of the breeds in which it segregates. In the miniature bull terrier breed estimates of mutation frequency ranged from 0.27 to 0.39, corresponding to 7.3-15.2% PLL-affected dogs in this breed. We also identified an increased risk of PLL associated with heterozygosity at ADAMTS17, suggesting that carriers carry a low risk of developing PLL.     

牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养

为了对牛乳腺上皮细胞(MECs)进行分离、培养和鉴定,并研究细胞分泌功能,试验通过胶原酶消化法分离得到了牛乳腺上皮细胞,采用传代法对细胞进行纯化,对细胞标志蛋白进行免疫荧光染色鉴定,通过体外诱导和RT-PCR分析鉴定细胞的分泌功能。结果表明:分离到的牛乳腺上皮细胞具有典型乳腺上皮细胞的形态特征,表达广谱角蛋白,经诱导后可分泌β-酪蛋白。     

鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞体外分离培养与鉴定

为了探讨鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离培养方法,本研究分别对消化酶、消化时间、取材部位和表面包被物等条件进行比较和优化,筛选出鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离和纯化的最佳方法,并对培养细胞进行鉴定与传代。结果显示,取鸡输卵管漏斗部,0.25%胰酶+0.02%EDTA联合消化15min、低速离心去除单细胞、差速贴壁除去成纤维细胞,在20%FBS包被的细胞培养瓶中可获得满意的输卵管上皮细胞分离效果,细胞贴壁性良好。培养的细胞在24h时成团贴壁,48~60h明显增殖,呈圆形或多角形"铺路石样"的单层细胞生长,72h后细胞增殖速度减慢,可以维持至10d以上,且传代后细胞贴壁生长良好,经姬姆萨染色和透射电镜观察鉴定为鸡输卵管上皮细胞。本研究建立的鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离培养方法可获得纯度较高的目的细胞,为研究鸭源鸡杆菌对鸡输卵管细胞的侵袭特性提供了良好的体外研究模型。     

新生仔猪小肠上皮细胞的分离培养和鉴定

为更快捷地进行猪肠道病毒性、细菌性疾病及细胞永生化的研究提供便利,本研究使用多种酶消化法及其他培养法尝试分离培养肠上皮细胞.结果,利用组织块培养法能成功建立新生仔猪小肠上皮细胞株,获得的上皮细胞具有较强的增殖能力,22 h内贴壁并发生细胞分裂,6～7 d明显增殖,10～12d汇合成单层.连续传代培养至12代,细胞基本失去上皮样特征.倒置显微镜下观察,10代前培养细胞为多角状或卵圆形,单层生长不重叠,呈铺路石状排列,11～12代细胞发生变形,间隙增大.细胞角蛋白18鉴定二者均为阳性.电镜下,纹状缘整齐,紧密连接结构清晰可见.结果表明利用组织块培养法可以获得能够连续传代、活力较好的猪小肠上皮细胞.     

Cultivation of corneal epithelial cell sheets on canine amniotic membrane

Objective To develop and assess canine corneal epithelial cell sheets cultivated from limbal stem cells on amniotic membrane. Procedures Canine corneal limbal segments were obtained from six beagle dogs. Cryopreserved denuded amniotic membranes (obtained from Miniature Dachshund and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breeds) from which the epithelial cells were removed were used as scaffolds. The limbal segments were cultured on these amniotic membranes with 3T3 feeder cells for 2 weeks. The harvested corneal epithelial cell sheets were stained with H&E for histologic analysis. The harvested sheets were analyzed immunohistochemically using a corneal epithelium‐specific marker keratin 3(K3) and putative stem cell markers ABCG2, p63, and vimentin. Results Cultivated cells from the corneal limbal tissues reached confluency in 7–8 days. The cultivated cells adhered to the denuded amniotic membrane and formed a sheet. The cultivated cell sheet was transparent and consisted of five to eight layers. K3 was observed in all layers and ABCG2, p63, and vimentin were notably present in the basal layer of the cultivated canine epithelium by immunofluorescence. Conclusions Canine corneal epithelial cells were successfully cultivated on the canine amniotic membrane. The cultivated epithelial sheets contained putative stem cells in the basal layer and had a stratified epithelium.     

Intraocular sarcoma associated with lens capsule rupture and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a dog

This case report describes the clinical findings and ocular pathology in an adult Golden Retriever diagnosed with an intraocular sarcoma. Nineteen s prior to diagnosis with a lens capsule rupture and intraocular sarcoma, the dog was diagnosed with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and uveitis based on clinical signs and the ultrasonographic appearance of the eye. Two years after enucleation, there was no evidence of metastatic spread of the sarcoma. The immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor as well as the limitations and supportive evidence used in attempting to identify the histogenesis of the tumor are outlined.     

Establishment and characterization of a canine sebaceous epithelial cell line derived from an eyelid mass

Little is known about the pathological roles of sebaceous glands in canine skin diseases, as most examinations have been conducted with cultured human sebaceous epithelial cell lines. To our knowledge, there is no available canine sebaceous epithelial cell line. The purpose of this study was to establish a canine sebaceous epithelial cell line and characterize it. An eyelid mass in a dog was surgically resected for treatment, and it was histologically diagnosed as sebaceous epithelioma. Collected tissue was conducted for culture, and the growing epithelial-like cells were passaged. The cells showed continuous proliferation for over 6 months. After 40 passages, the cells were named CMG-1. Lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of CMG-1 cells were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. As reported in studies with human sebaceous epithelial cell lines, lipogenesis in CMG-1 cells was promoted by linoleic acid, whereas transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppressed it. Additionally, real-time PCR revealed that the expression levels of chemokines and cytokines, including CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-20, CXCL-10, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8, were significantly increased in CMG-1 cells following treatment with lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, we successfully established a new canine sebaceous epithelial cell line. Our data indicated that lipogenesis and inflammatory responses were quantitatively evaluable in this cell line. CMG-1 cells could be useful for the pathological analysis of sebaceous gland diseases in dogs.     

核酸探针检测犬冠状病毒方法的建立和初步应用

以^32P标记犬冠状病毒特异性RT—PCR及产物制成核酸探针，与CCV NL-18株、犬瘟热病毒、犬细小病毒、犬副流感病毒、犬腺病毒、狂犬病病毒反转录产物、正常CRFK细胞以及做10～10000倍稀释的CCV NL-18株反转录产物杂交，进行核酸探针的敏感性和特异性试验。结果表明，该探针仅与CCV HLl8株反转录产物呈阳性杂交，与对照病毒和正常细胞反转录产物均呈阴性反应。初步应用试验结果，该探针可与国内CCV分离病毒YSl、CI1株杂交，且可从8份腹泻犬粪便中检出5份CCV阳性病料。本研究为在我国开展犬冠状病毒感染的分子流行病学调查和临床诊断提供了一种敏感、特异的检测方法。     

水牛乳汁中乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养及鉴定

试验旨在从水牛（Bubalus bubalis）乳汁中分离培养水牛乳腺上皮细胞并对其进行鉴定,建立经济、便捷的水牛乳腺上皮细胞分离方法。通过无菌收集高产奶水牛泌乳后期乳汁,将其与PBS按2：1（V/V）混匀离心;去除上层乳脂,取带少量上清的沉淀,与PBS按上述比例混匀再次离心;将脂肪层去除干净,取沉淀上方1 mL上清及沉淀分别接种于细胞培养皿。通过细胞形态、免疫荧光、生长曲线测定、细胞接种活力、RT-PCR等对分离的细胞进行鉴定。结果表明,试验成功从水牛乳汁的上清和沉淀中分离获得了水牛乳腺上皮细胞,上清部分细胞和杂质较少;而沉淀部分则细胞和杂质较多。细胞呈典型鹅卵石样,无成纤维细胞,细胞活力好,多处于分裂期。当细胞增殖高度融合时,出现乳头状结构和分层生长现象。经免疫荧光鉴定,分离获得的水牛乳腺上皮细胞表达上皮细胞标志蛋白--细胞角蛋白18。水牛乳腺上皮细胞的生长曲线呈S型,符合一般生物学规律。细胞接种存活率的测定结果显示,细胞活力好、贴壁能力强。经RT-PCR检测,水牛乳腺上皮细胞表达乳蛋白及乳脂合成相关基因。从乳汁中分离水牛乳腺上皮细胞并对其进行鉴定,成功建立了水牛乳汁分离乳腺上皮细胞的方法,为研究水牛泌乳机制、改善乳品质、提高产奶量奠定基础。