TRMM降水数据在长江流域的降尺度分析与校正

在充分考虑2001−2019年TRMM 3B43降水量数据在长江流域适用性的基础上，基于地理加权回归模型（GWR），结合归一化植被指数（NDVI）、增强型植被指数（EVI）、高程、坡度、坡向数据，选取不同组合对19a内TRMM降水量数据进行降尺度，并对优选的降尺度数据分别进行GDA、GRA校正，最后在年、季、月尺度下进行精度评价与结果分析。结果表明：（1）降尺度数据与站点实测数据的R²、BIAS、RMSE满足精度要求的同时，空间分辨率由0.25°提高至1km，且TRMMNDVI数据精度优于TRMMEVI数据。（2）GDA校正结果优于GRA校正结果，且数据稳定性更好，更适于长江流域TRMM数据校正。（3）数据与站点实测数据R²在年（0.91～0.986）、季（0.704～0.88）、月（0.625～0.89）尺度上均有较高精度，细节特征较TRMM数据表现更好。（4）降水量越大的月份降尺度及校正效果越好。降尺度及校正后的TRMM数据能更好地反映长江流域真实降水信息，为农业生产、水资源优化配置、防洪减灾等提供可靠的数据支持。     

基于二次多项式回归模型的黑河流域TRMM数据降尺度研究

在不同空间尺度下分别建立TRMM 3B43降水数据与数字高程模型（DEM）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的二次多项式回归模型,将2001—2013年黑河流域TRMM降水数据的空间分辨率从0.25°提高到1 km,并利用流域内9个气象站点实测数据对降尺度结果进行了检验。结果表明:降尺度方法不仅提高了TRMM数据的空间分辨率,数据的精确程度也有所提高;与传统线性回归模型降尺度方法相比,基于二次多项式回归模型获得的降尺度结果更接近于实测值,其结果更为准确;模型建立的尺度对最终降尺度结果精确性具有较大影响,0.50°是基于DEM和NDVI对黑河流域TRMM降水数据进行降尺度的相对最优尺度。     

2001-2017年新疆NDVI变化及其对极端气候的响应

[目的] 研究新疆2001—2017年植被覆盖变化,并分析其与气候指数之间的响应特征,以期为该地区生态环境保护和区域可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法] 基于2001—2017年的MOD₁₃Q₁ NDVI数据,采用最大合成法、Savitzky-Golay（SG）滤波法和相关分析等方法,并结合同期气温和降水数据,分析新疆生长季归一化植被指数（NDVI）和极端气候之间的响应关系。[结果] ①2001—2017年,新疆地区植被覆盖普遍不高,自2009年开始表现出缓慢改善趋势,且未来一段时间内,该趋势具有一定的持续性;②NDVI总体上呈西北向东南降低趋势,天山山脉和伊犁河谷地区是NDVI高值区,北疆各子区域生长季NDVI普遍高于南疆地区;③NDVI在北疆中部和南疆西南部等地区与极端气温指数多呈负相关,日平均温差（DTR）和冷夜日数（TN_10p）是主要的影响指数;NDVI与平均气温指数在沙漠地区多呈负相关,在部分山区呈正相关,这主要与年平均气温（T_y）的变化有关;④NDVI与降水指数之间多呈正相关,且单日最大降水量（RX_{1 d}）,连续5日最大降水量（RX_{5 d}）和年降水量（TP_y）对NDVI的影响都很显著。[结论] 新疆植被覆盖总体向良好方向发展。NDVI对降水指数的响应高于气温指数,其中,降水指数以正向影响为主,气温指数则以负向影响为主,降水对新疆植被改善有着明显的促进作用。     

基于GWR模型降尺度模拟蒙古高原地区TRMM降水数据

以多年月平均NDVI值高于0.1为阈值,对蒙古高原进行“植被区”与“非植被区”的子区域划分。在分析“植被区”植被对降水响应时滞性和“非植被区”陆地表面温度不同数据值与降水量相关性的基础上,子区域分别构建了TRMM3B43降水数据与海拔、坡度、坡向数据、归一化植被指数（NDVI）/陆地表面温度（LST）数据的地理加权回归（GWR）模型,得到区内2006-2015年每年5-10月1km空间分辨率的月降水量降尺度模拟数据,并利用区内141个气象站点数据对降尺度模拟数据进行精度验证。结果表明：（1）蒙古高原“植被区”植被对降水响应存在时滞性,约为一个月;“非植被区”多数月份白天与夜晚陆地表面温度差（LST＿D＿N）与降水量的相关性最显著。（2）降尺度模拟数据与气象站点数据具有较好的一致性,月尺度相关系数为0.83,各站点相关系数介于0.42～0.98。（3）在生长季、月平均尺度上,降尺度模拟数据具有较高精度,其中9月和10月数据精度优于TRMM 3B43数据。降尺度模拟数据整体精度较高,加之对原始数据在50°N以上未覆盖地区的填补以及空间分辨率的提高,可为区内水循环变化、农牧业生产、干旱监测等...     

复杂地形下TRMM降水数据的降尺度研究：以四川省为例

TRMM数据是目前应用最广泛的卫星降水产品,其准确性已得到广泛验证和认可。但其相对较低的空间分辨率制约和阻碍了在各领域的进一步应用。本研究以降水空间分异显著的四川省为例,在综合考虑空间位置、地形等多个影响因素及其空间非平稳性特征的基础上,采用混合地理加权回归（MGWR）与克里格插值（Kriging）相结合的方法,建立一个兼顾多因素空间非平稳性特征的降尺度模型（MGWRK）,对研究区域的TRMM年降水数据进行降尺度研究,并通过41个气象站点的实测数据对不同降尺度方法的结果进行对比验证。结果表明：（1）经过降尺度处理后,TRMM降水数据的空间分辨率从0.25°（约26km）提升至1km,数据的精细程度有了明显提升;（2）MGWRK模型综合运用了空间位置、地形等多个高分辨率的辅助信息,并进一步探究了不同影响因素对TRMM降水影响关系的空间非平稳性类型与特征。从多年平均及两个典型年份的验证结果看,MGWRK法比传统的重采样方法Bilinear法及基于OLS的全局回归克里格法具有更高的精度,降尺度结果的精度更接近TRMM原始数据;（3）构建的降尺度模型兼顾了提升空间分辨率和保持数据精确度两方面的要求,适用于四川省TRMM降水数据的降尺度研究,可为TRMM数据在小尺度的应用研究提供有效的数据支持。     

遥感降水数据空间降尺度及干旱时空监测

在全球气候变暖的背景下,干旱灾害日趋频发。为全面精细研究华中地区降水的时空变化,结合水汽(PWV)、增强型植被指数(EVI)等数据,基于地理加权回归模型,结合克里金插值分别对2010—2019年的GPM IMERG和TRMM 3B43数据进行空间降尺度,并利用区域内53个气象站数据进行精度评价。对优选的降尺度数据采用变异系数法、Theil-Sen Median趋势分析耦合Mann-Kendall显著性检验方法及Hurst指数法,分析了华中地区的降水时空变化特征及其可持续性特征,并对未来降水趋势进行预测,最后构建归一化降水距平百分率(NPA)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI₁₂)来实现研究区的干旱时空监测。结果表明:降尺度处理后降水细节增强,能有效改善原始数据的高估现象,GPM数据降尺度数据比TRMM降尺度数据更接近实测数据;近10年华中地区降水时空分布差异较大,降水较高波动变化和高波动变化共占全区69.21%;10年间降水变化以非显著变化为主,其中,轻微增加地区占全区54.88%,轻微减小地区占全区40.41%;10年间降水变化趋势以弱(27.33%)、中(34.9...     

2000-2014年塔里木河干流的植被覆盖与蒸散发时空变化及其关系

[目的]掌握塔里木河生态恢复的耗水规律,为生态水的合理规划和配置提供相应参考。[方法]利用MODIS的蒸散发（ET）和NDVI数据,及Mann-Kendall检验与Theil-Sen median趋势分析方法,选择阿拉尔-大西海子段作为代表区域,对塔里木河干流植被覆盖和蒸散发（ET）时空变化及其关系进行分析。[结果]①塔里木河干流阿拉尔-大西海子段,NDVI及ET多年平均值分别为0.33,118.41 mm,ET及NDVI空间分异总体一致,ET分布受植被覆盖控制,总体表现为上段（阿拉尔-十四团） > 下段（恰拉-大西海子） > 中段（十四团-恰拉）。②年际变化上,NDVI与ET年时空变化差异明显,两者总体变化趋势相反,NDVI显著增加（Z_C>1.96）,ET非显著下降（-1.96 < Z_C < 0）;空间上,全区48.83%区域的NDVI发生降低,主要集中在中段,而ET的该比例则高达70.57%,广泛分布于中段及下段。③相对于NDVI,径流及水汽压,ET的年际变化与气温和降水相关性更好。[结论]塔里木河干流ET空间分布虽受植被覆盖所控制,但两者时空变化却差异明显。     

TRMM卫星降水产品降尺度及其在湘江流域水文模拟中的应用

高时空分辨率降水数据对准确刻画区域降水时空变化特征、精准模拟区域生态和水文过程具有重要的现实意义。以湘江流域为例,在考虑地理、地形和植被等多重要素的基础上,建立了基于地理加权回归法（Geographic Weighted Regression,GWR）的热带降雨测量卫星（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM）降水降尺度模型,并采用比例指数法反演得到星地融合日降水Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种产品,用来驱动土壤和水评估模型（Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT）,分析评估其在水文模拟中的应用潜力。结果表明：1）GWR降尺度后,在TRMM降水空间分辨率由0.25°提升至0.05°的同时,同气象站点观测月降水之间的决定系数（R2）平均提升了0.33,均方根误差（RMSE）平均降低了43.30 mm,平均相对偏差（Average Relative Error,ARE）平均降低了38.71%,表明该降尺度模型在湘江流域TRMM月降水降尺度研究中具有良好的适用性;2）与TRMM日降水量相比,星地融合日降水Ⅲ产品同气象站点观测日降水量的R2提高了0.81,RMSE降低了10.27 mm,ARE降低了0.11%,表明以气象站点观测日降水量作比例指数展布星地融合月降水是可行有效的;3）星地融合日降水Ⅲ产品在SWAT模型日、月径流模拟中的纳什效率系数最大,分别为0.79、0.93,相对误差最小,分别为0.12%、1.10%,水文模拟效果最优,可替代气象站点和TRMM卫星降水进行水文模拟。研究结果可为气象站点稀缺区域的高精度降水资料获取和高效水文模拟提供数据支撑和方法借鉴。     

HDXRF法农田土壤镉测定结果准确度评价与精准校正模型构建

以甘肃白银某污灌区重金属污染农田土壤为研究对象，对影响高精度便携式X荧光光谱（HDXRF）法总镉（Cd_T）测定精度的主要因素进行了筛选，分别研究了土壤水分、有机质类型与含量、土壤类型对HDXRF法Cd_T测定的影响，并采用相对误差（RE）、相对标准偏差（RSD）和决定系数（R²）对测定结果的准确度和精密度进行了评价。结果表明：HDXRF法Cd_T测定的RE≤10%、RSD≤10%、R²>0.99，符合农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范和美国环境保护署标准的准确度和精密度规定。HDXRF法Cd_T测定结果随着土壤水分含量的增加呈指数衰减趋势，衰减方程为y=0.803e^–1.3284x，衰减系数（μ_ω）为–1.328 4，R²为0.984 5。HDXRF法Cd_T测定结果与有机质含量呈显著的负相关关系（r=–0.955），且腐殖酸（HA）比泥炭（Peat）对测定结果的影响更大，HA与测定结果的校正方程为y=–1.555x +0.780，R²为0.934 4。土壤类型对HDXRF法Cd_T测定结果存在一定的影响，相对于红壤和水稻土，灰钙土的测定结果与传统实验室分析方法测定结果更接近。总之，虽然HDXRF法Cd_T测定结果受多种因素影响，但通过校正模型校正，其校正结果的可靠性能够满足Cd污染农田土壤精准调查需求。     

蒸渗仪测定滴灌枣树不同时间尺度下腾发强度特征

为精确测定、准确模拟阿克苏地区滴灌枣树腾发过程,基于大型称重式蒸渗仪测定枣树全生育期逐时及逐日腾发强度（ET）,利用水量平衡方程、PM公式及经典统计原理,分析不同时间尺度下叶面积指数（LAI）、气象因素[温度（I）、风速（V）、净辐射（R_n）]、表层土壤含水率（W）与枣树腾发强度的相关关系并建立预测模型。结果表明：枣树日内腾发强度呈单峰型变化趋势,夜间变化幅度较小且腾发贡献率低。枣树全生育期逐日腾发强度变化呈先增大后减小的趋势,花期的腾发强度最大,为4.42 mm·d^-1;全生育期腾发总量为640.83 mm,其中花期和果实生长发育期耗水量占比较大,分别为38.61%和32.72%。在小时和日时间尺度上,影响腾发强度的主要因素不完全相同,且影响程度有所差异。综合考虑各影响因素,以萌芽期、花期、果实发育期为基础,分别建立以小时、日尺度下估算腾发强度的经验模型ET₁（h）=0.153+0.004T+0.012V+0.176R_n+0.002W+0.067LAI、ET₂（d）=-3.325+0.081T+0.163R_n+0.069W+2.089LAI,拟合度R²均在0.7以上,以果实发育期与成熟期数据对模型进行检验,纳什效率系数分别达0.63、0.80。经偏相关检验,冠层净辐射（R_n）对两种尺度的腾发强度均影响最显著,因此以枣树全生育期数据量为基础,仅建立冠层净辐射（R_n）与腾发强度的回归模型ET₁（h）=-0.063 3R_n²+0.361 2R_n—0.003 7、ET₂（d）=-0.018 3R_n²+0.684 7R_n–1.642 1,R²分别为0.704 7与0.743 6,可满足缺少数据支撑情况下的腾发过程估算。这些模型明确了阿克苏地区滴灌枣树腾发机制及影响程度,可为水分管理精准化提供计算基础。     

Silicon Effect on Nutrient Acquisition of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Aluminum Stress

Aluminum (Al) toxicity represents one of the main yield-limiting factors for crops in acid soils. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance in higher plants. This study was conducted to determine whether treatment with Si could improve nutrient uptake by peanut under Al stress. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv Zhonghua 4) was raised with or without Si (1.5 mM) in the growth chamber under 0 and toxic Al (0.3 mM) levels. Aluminum stress significantly decreased the root- and total-dry weight by 52.4% and 32.0%, respectively. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was significantly decreased, but that of Al increased markedly in shoots and roots after Al exposure at seedling, flower-needle, and pod-setting stage. Silicon alleviates Al toxicity in peanut plants in relation to Al distribution and allocation of tissue P, K, Ca, and Mg by favoring the partitioning of dry mass to roots.     

Trace Metal Contamination During Grinding of Plant Samples

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopic (ICP-MS) analysis of leaves from 22 cabbage crops in the Sa P? and B?c Hà districts of Láo Cai Province, North-Western Vi?t Nam, revealed unexpectedly high concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The concentrations were strongly linearly related (r² = 0.94), indicating sample contamination during grinding through a stainless-steel hammer mill. We tested this hypothesis in two ways. First, brown rice ground through the same mill was contaminated not only by Cr and Ni, but also cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). Second, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (SEM/EDS) of the ground samples revealed small fragments with co-located Fe, Cr and Ni, consistent with stainless steel wear fragments. Other grinders may perform differently and we suggest that quality assurance protocols for trace metal analysis of plants should include testing for grinder wear metals. Lastly, brown rice appears to be convenient for investigating contamination of plant tissues during grinding.     

模拟降雨条件下污染土壤中重金属元素径流迁移特征

探明污染土壤中重金属元素随地表径流迁移特征,对于防控重金属污染物的迁移扩散具有重要意义。通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究不同降雨强度下(55,100,120mm/h)污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Cr随地表径流迁移的特征。结果表明:径流中3种重金属元素总量在产流的前20min内逐渐降低,随后趋于稳定;产流初期(产流10min内)颗粒态重金属占径流重金属总量的比例均在80%以上;随产流时间延长,颗粒态Cd和Cr对径流重金属的贡献率快速降低,其颗粒态/溶解态的比值范围分别为47.0～0.4和12.9～0.4,而Pb则主要以颗粒态的形式存在,溶解态Pb对其随径流迁移的贡献率可忽略不计;随降雨强度增大,径流中总Cd和Pb含量显著降低,而径流中总Cr含量以及溶解态重金属含量无明显变化规律。     

Effects of humic acid on remediation of the nutritional deficiency of gerbera in hydroponic culture

Information is scant on the effect of humic acid (HA) on physiological, antioxidant and photosynthesis attributes of gerbera plants undergoing nutrient deficiency in culture solution. Gerbera plants cv. Malibu were grown in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications, using 3 different nutrient solutions [complete nutrient solution (NSc), 25% NSc (NS1), and 50% NSc (NS2)] treated with 2 levels of humic acid [0 (HA0) and 500 mg/l (HA1)].The interaction effect of HA and NS showed that HA improved the flower number in NSc, the transpiration in NS1+HA1, photosynthesis rate in NSc+HA1, stomatal conductance (gs) in NS2, mesophyll conductance of leaves in all NS levels and photosynthetic water use efficiency in NSc+HA1. The interaction effect of nutrient solution and HA on antioxidant activity was inconclusive, malondialdehyde content was the highest in NS2 and the lowest in NS1+HA1. The peroxidase activity increased in complete nutrient solution with and without HA and there were no differences among other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in NS1 and complete nutrient solution with HA and reached the highest in NSc. Humic acid was more effective in nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe) in complete nutrient solution compared to NS1 and NS2. Conclusively, humic acid can compensate the nutrient deficiency stress of the culture solution in regards to protein synthesis, photosynthesis attributes regardless of the nutrient uptake of gerbera.     

Irrigation Module and Sowing Date Affect Seed Cotton Yield,Quality, Productivity Indices,and Economics of Cotton in North-western India

ABSTRACT

Delayed sowing and imprecise application of irrigation water to cotton has been the major hurdle in sustaining cotton yield in north-western India. Therefore, studies were initiated to ascertain the impact of heavy or normal level of presowing irrigation (PSI), scheduling time of first postsowing irrigation (POSI) under two sowing dates (SDs) on cotton arranged in a split block design replicated thrice. PSI_h (100 mm) recorded 23.2% higher seed cotton yield over PSI_n (70 mm) owing to better yield attributes and higher stand. First POSI at 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) resulted the highest yield (3072 kg ha^?1), while one at 6 WAS (POSI₆) recorded least due to poor population and reduced yield attributes. Water productivity under POSI₆ was lesser by 29.1%, 25.2%, and 16.2% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively. April sown crop out yielded the May sown cotton crop by 939 kg ha^?1 due to better yield attributes. Nitrogen factor productivity (NFP) among SD remained higher by 23.3% for April as compared to May sowing. PSI_h exhibited better NFP over PSI_n. POSI₆ recorded least NFP by 24.4%, 28.5%, and 16.3% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively and was indicative of relatively poor utilization of N under delayed schedules. Therefore, planting in April after heavy PSI and scheduling first POSI at 4 WAS is best strategy for sustaining cotton yield and maximizing farmer profitability.     

氮磷钾不同配比对饲用稻威优198产量及糙米蛋白含量的影响

采用田间小区试验研究“推荐配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为190:90:100 kg hm-2)、“高氮量配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为210:90:100 kg hm-2)、“低氮量配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为170:90:100 kg hm-2)以及“常规配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为216:112.5:202.5 kg hm-2)4种氮、磷、钾配比施肥对饲用稻威优198蔗糖合成酶(SUS)、腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及产量和糙米蛋白质的影响。结果表明:“推荐配比”能提高不同生育时期水稻功能叶(旗叶)和粒籽中碳、氮代谢关键酶的活性,这些关键酶活性的变化显著影响水稻产量和糙米全氮以及蛋白氮的含量。统计(P0.05)结果证实“推荐配比”能提高水稻产量达到8200 kg hm-2,与“常规配比”相比产量提高了24.81%;“推荐配比”糙米全氮和蛋白氮含量分别达到22.70 g kg-1和21.98 g kg-1,与“常规配比”相比差异显著,并且其全氮和蛋白氮含量分别提高17.01%,18.38%。     

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Tolerance of Rosa multiflora cv. Burr to Bicarbonate in Irrigation Water

ABSTRACT

High bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^?) of irrigation water can be detrimental to plant growth in sustainable horticultural production systems. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ZAC-19, (composed of Glomus albidum, Glomus claroideum, and Glomus diaphanum) to enhance tolerance to HCO₃ ^? was tested on Rosa multiflora cv. Burr. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and non-inoculated (non-AMF) plants were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM HCO₃ ^?. Increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC)—reduced plant growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity, while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO₃ ^?, as indicated by greater growth (leaf, stem, and total plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf area ratio), leaf elemental concentration [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), boron (B)], leaf chlorophyll concentration, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect, lower root Fe reductase activity, and generally lower soluble ALP activity. While AMF colonization was reduced by increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO₃ ^? concentration. At 2.5 mM HCO₃ ^?, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO₃ ^?, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO₃ ^? plant stress.     

四种常规方法提取伊利石有效钾的机制比较

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、中红外光声光谱以及原子力显微镜的方法,比较了0.2 mol L~(-1)四苯硼钠法、1 mol L~(-1)沸硝酸法、2 mol L~(-1)冷硝酸法和2 mol L~(-1)热盐酸法浸提伊利石中有效钾的机制。结果表明,四苯硼钠法浸提时,伊利石中钾素释放量达到全钾量的59.5%,且基本均通过层间交换反应予以释放,结构离子铁、铝和硅释放量极低;采用三种酸溶液浸提时,其钾素释放量仅占全钾量的1.53%~2.46%,通过层间交换反应释放的钾量占释放量的比例为88.4%~94.0%。四苯硼钠浸提时伊利石层间距扩大,产生次生过渡矿物,并形成富硅表层,但在伊利石表面无溶蚀特征;三种酸溶液浸提时伊利石结构无改变,但其结晶度降低,且表面有明显的溶蚀特征。因此,土壤矿物层间钾是作物可利用有效钾的主要来源,三种酸溶液浸提方法一方面低估了有效钾容量,另一方面提取了一部分不能为植物所利用的结构态钾,不适宜于用来评价伊利石及土壤有效钾库容量。     

NH4+-K+ co-loaded clinoptilolite as a binary fertilizer

ABSTRACT

Understanding the potential of clinoptilolite (CLI) for adsorption of NH₄⁺ and K⁺, providing appropriate fertilizer formula, and evaluation of the produced zeolitic nutrient sources (ZNSs) to meet the plant need are the main objectives of this study. Three ZNSs (NH₄⁺-saturated, K⁺-saturated and dual-purpose NH₄⁺-K⁺ saturated CLI) were produced, assessed, and compared with commercial N and K fertilizers (CFs) on corn growth in a greenhouse. The results indicated that CLI can potentially adsorb both NH₄⁺ and K⁺ to the maximum values of 25.00 mg-NH₄⁺ g^?1 and 47.61 mg-K g^?1, respectively, and chemisorptions mainly followed the process of adsorption. Saturation of zeolite by NH₄⁺ and K⁺ occurred after 10 and 15 d which lead to ZNSs with 2% and 5% of N and K, respectively. NH₄⁺-K⁺ saturated CLI contained 1% N and 1% K. The greenhouse experiment showed no significant difference between ZNSs and CFs on plant growth. However, the application of both N and K in the form of zeolitic sources significantly increased the uptake of N by the plant. The highest uptake of K (2.05 g pot^?1) occurred in plants supplied with both natural zeolite and CFs. The present results may benefit the future utilization of ZNSs in environmental friendly farming practices.     

氨甲喋呤(MTX)的直接碘标记方法研究

本文报道了~125I(~131I)抗肿瘤药物氨甲喋呤的制备方法,用直接碘化法——NBS、ChT、Iodogen进行标记,并对这几种方法进行了比较。结果表明,NBS法最好,标记率达90—99％。经Sephadex G-75柱凝胶过滤后得到纯产品,放化纯度为95.4％。所制得的标记产品适用于示踪研究。