枸杞类胡萝卜素的分离纯化方法

本文对枸杞类胡萝卜素的浸提条件进行了研究,得到的最佳参数是：浸提液为石油醚-丙酮（1：3,v/v）混合溶剂,料液比为90（g/mL）,在常温下分3次浸提,总浸提时间为1.5h。枸杞总类胡萝卜素的含量为552.57mg/kg。洗脱剂选择正己烷：丙酮=90：10（v/v）,吸附剂选择为氧化镁：硅藻土=1：2（w/w）,薄层展开剂选择为石油醚-丙酮=17：4,此条件下对枸杞色素提取液、枸杞总类胡萝卜素样品有很好的分离效果。     

不同棚膜覆盖对秋季青花菜生长及品质的影响

以"翠翠"青花菜为试材,研究了不同颜色薄膜覆盖对青花菜植株生长以及花球品质的影响。结果表明:无色膜覆盖有利于植株的生长,而不同薄膜覆盖均可显著促进花球的生长,并且提高了光合产物向产品器官花球的分配效率,即无色膜、红膜、蓝膜、紫膜的花球/植株重量比值分别比露地增加了127.6%、95.2%、124.3%、177.9%;有色膜处理的青花菜叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于露地和无色膜,其中红膜最显著,叶绿素(a+b)含量和类胡萝卜素含量分别比露地高出25.4%、31.1%;同时,红膜处理显著增加了青花菜的可溶性糖含量;有色膜覆盖显著提高了青花菜的维生素C含量,以红膜提高最显著,蓝膜和紫膜次之,二者无显著差异。     

2个西洋梨红色芽变品种与原品种果实发育期果皮色素变化比较研究

研究了巴梨和红巴梨、茄梨和红茄梨果皮色素的种类和含量变化。结果表明:红巴梨和红茄梨果实发育期花青素含量变化与原品种明显不同;红巴梨和红茄梨果实花青素含量变化也明显不同;红茄梨和茄梨果皮花青素含量与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量间呈正相关趋势;红巴梨和巴梨果皮花青素含量与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量间则呈负相关趋势,其中巴梨达显著水平。     

南瓜类胡萝卜素的提取及果实发育中的含量变化

为了探究南瓜果肉中类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件及南瓜果实发育过程中的类胡萝卜素含量变化,以5个不同南瓜品种为试材,通过正交试验筛选南瓜果肉中类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件,利用分光光度计测定类胡萝卜素总量。正交试验结果表明,在超声波辅助下,利用无水乙醇为提取溶剂,料液比1∶4,浸提8 min,共抽提4次时,南瓜果肉类胡萝卜素提取率最高(可达83.9 mg·100 g-1)。5个南瓜品种果实发育过程中,果肉类胡萝卜素含量的变化趋势类似,均随果实发育时间的延长而增加;但不同品种间类胡萝卜素含量差异显著。在果实发育过程中,这5个南瓜品种果肉中类胡萝卜素含量大小顺序为:‘迷你荃鑫’‘黑晶’‘荃鑫6号’‘绿圆’‘早丰蜜’。研究结果表明,不同品种间类胡萝卜素含量差异明显。花后28～49 d是南瓜果肉类胡萝卜素合成与积累的关键时期。     

贮藏时间对不同西瓜品种类胡萝卜素组分及含量的影响

为了探明贮藏时间对不同西瓜品种类胡萝卜素组分及含量的影响,以8个成熟期西瓜品种为研究对象,在西瓜采收后的0、5、10、15、20 d测定西瓜中的类胡萝卜素组分及含量。结果表明,在整个贮藏期间,黄瓤西瓜瓜瓤中类胡萝卜素主要组分为紫黄质和叶黄素,黄红瓤西瓜类胡萝卜素组分主要有紫黄质、叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素及痕量番茄红素,红瓤西瓜类胡萝卜素组分主要有番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素及少量的紫黄质和叶黄素。随着贮藏时间的延长,不同品种西瓜瓜瓤中的类胡萝卜素各组分及含量变化趋势不同。红瓤西瓜GR-2总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势;GR-1瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势;GY-4瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势;其他品种西瓜瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。黄瓤西瓜在贮藏当天没有检测到番茄红素,但是随着贮藏时间的延长检测到痕量的番茄红素。该研究结果可为西瓜品质评价和营养育种等重要领域提供依据。     

红白两色藜麦营养成分检测

为了解和比较红白两种颜色藜麦主要营养成分的含量,本文采用红、白两色藜麦为原料,采用直接干燥法、高温灼烧法、索氏提取法及凯氏定氮法四种方法分别检测两种藜麦的水分含量、灰分含量、脂肪含量和蛋白质含量.结果表明,白色藜麦的水分含量在7.52％～8.33％之间,灰分含量在2.38％～2.47％之间,脂肪含量在3.71％～3.8...     

水分胁迫对幼龄仁用杏叶片光合特性的影响

以2年生仁用杏为试材,采用盆栽方法,以正常供水(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的75%)为对照,设置了轻度水分胁迫(55%)、中度水分胁迫(45%)和重度水分胁迫(30%)3个处理,开展了水分胁迫条件下仁用杏叶片光合色素、光合指标及叶绿素荧光参数等光合特性研究。结果表明:水分胁迫不同程度降低了类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a、b含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性,且下降幅度随着胁迫时间延长而增大;轻度水分胁迫下降幅度很小,中度和重度水分胁迫下降幅度较大。     

甜柿套袋微域生境与果实着色效应研究

对4种不同材质的果袋,进行套袋微域生境及果实着色试验,结果表明,双层内红袋处理昼夜温差较大,9月18—21日和10月上旬晴天条件下,分别比对照高5.8℃和4.8℃;塑膜袋和双层纸袋保湿性较好,在晴热干燥、空气湿度过低时,可减轻相对湿度胁迫;双层纸袋遮光严重,晴天14:00双层内红袋和双层内黑袋袋内光辐射只有对照的0.8%和0.4%。不同套袋材料形成不同的微环境,对柿果着色产生不同的影响,双层内红处理果实着色最好,其次为双层内黑,其他处理与对照差异较小,9月25日调查,双层内红果皮色为N25B,对照为163B;10月15日双层内红为33A,对照为N25B。对甜柿果皮进行色素分析,发现不同处理柿果生长后期类胡萝卜素含量均提高,套纸袋处理降低果皮类胡萝卜素含量;双层纸袋处理后期类黄酮含量增加,其他处理及对照则降低,成熟期双层内红的果皮类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量分别比对照降低0.017 8 mg·g-1和0.070 6 mg·g-1。     

枇杷色素的研究

枇杷原产我国。是长江流域以南主要的常绿果树之一。依果实颜色分为白沙和红沙两类。果实的颜色与色素的组分和含量有密切的关系,一般果肉类胡萝卜素含量0.4～0.9毫克/克,还有黄酮类物质。研究枇杷色素不仅有利于品种分类,也有助于良种品质鉴定和资源的合理开发利用。本文主要研究枇杷的类胡萝卜素。     

鲜切及冷藏对4种蔬菜品质的影响

通过对油麦菜、马铃薯、辣椒、豇豆4种蔬菜总糖、总酸、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、抗坏血酸含量的测定,研究新鲜蔬菜、鲜切蔬菜及其低温贮存后的品质变化。结果表明,与新鲜蔬菜相比,4种蔬菜的总糖含量在鲜切和鲜切冷藏后大多发生显著变化,辣椒鲜切和鲜切冷藏后总糖含量极显著提高,而豇豆、马铃薯鲜切和鲜切冷藏后总糖含量显著或极显著降低。油麦菜、马铃薯总酸含量在鲜切和鲜切冷藏后有明显下降趋势,鲜切马铃薯的糖酸比极显著上升。鲜切和鲜切冷藏后油麦菜类胡萝卜素含量极显著降低32.7%～54.5%,辣椒类胡萝卜素含量显著或极显著提高63.5%～112.9%。鲜切冷藏后油麦菜和辣椒叶绿素含量极显著降低57.7%和43.6%。油麦菜、马铃薯鲜切及鲜切冷藏后总抗坏血酸含量显著或极显著降低;鲜切辣椒总抗坏血酸和还原态抗坏血酸含量均极显著上升,而鲜切冷藏后辣椒总抗坏血酸和还原态抗坏血酸含量极显著下降。豇豆鲜切和鲜切冷藏后类胡萝卜素、叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量未发生显著变化。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.