提高次郎甜柿座果率试验

针对日本次郎甜柿座果率低，采取人工授粉，花期环剥，高接授粉等技术措施。结果表明，花期工人授粉座果率与对照比较高48．7百分咪；花期环剥座果率高19．7个百分点；高接授粉粉体座果率高29．0个百分点。     

延庆首次试飞熊蜂

近日,北京市农科院农林信息研究所和延庆县林业局蚕蜂站联合将用于试验的10箱熊蜂放飞于张山营48顷林区。熊蜂又名丸花蜂,浑身绒毛,个体大,寿命长,是适合温室作物授粉的专业授粉蜂种。此次在延庆县首次试飞熊蜂主要是考察在48顷林区的自然环     

提高大石早生李坐果率试验研究

为提高大石早生李初果期坐果率,于盛花期进行人工授粉、环剥和环割、喷施激素和微肥试验。结果表明:选择盖县大李和香蕉李作授粉树,盛花期对主干进行环剥、喷施30×10-6赤霉素、100×10-6氯化稀土、03%硼砂+03%尿素,均能显著提高大石早生李坐果率。     

蓝靛果主栽品种授粉试验研究

对蓝靛果主栽品种蓓蕾进行授粉试验,结果表明:蓝靛果自花不结实或结实率极低,2种混合花粉授粉较单一花粉授粉可提高被授粉品种的坐果率20.4%,3种混合花粉授粉较单一花粉授粉可提高被授粉品种的坐果率34.8%,因此蓝靛果生产实践中,必须合理配置授粉树,最好栽植3个以上品种。     

建水县怒江红山茶授粉昆虫初步调查

2013年对建水县李浩寨乡的13个样点野生环境下的怒江红山茶的授粉昆虫进行调查,查清怒江红山茶的授粉昆虫种类、昆虫的授粉规律和授粉时间,共采集到授粉昆虫标本65份。经过整理鉴定,确定怒江红山茶的授粉昆虫共计5目14科25种。其中,蜜蜂占授粉昆虫的92%,是怒江红山茶的主要授粉昆虫。蜜蜂授粉出勤高峰出现在8:00~8:50时和在18:00~18:50时。     

杉木种子园无人机辅助授粉效果分析

采用六轴旋翼无人机(型号SH-X6-10B)进行杉木种子园辅助授粉试验,比较不同飞行高度、飞行速度、授粉介质、花粉与介质配比、不同授粉方法的杉木座果率及作业效率。结果表明:无人机距树梢6~8 m飞行高度授粉的杉木座果率最高,达65.0%;飞行速度2~3 m·s^-1授粉的杉木座果率最高,达67.2%;以滑石粉为授粉介质的杉木座果率最高,达66.0%;花粉与介质(滑石粉)配比1∶50授粉的杉木座果率最高,达66.1%;无人机辅助授粉的杉木座果率比人工辅助授粉提高46.0%,比自然授粉提高117.5%;无人机辅助授粉的山地作业效率是人工辅助授粉的33倍。     

北京地区板栗良种杂交亲合性的初步研究

通过对燕红、燕丰、燕昌等 10个板栗品种雌花的自花授粉 ,不授粉 ,人工定向授粉试验结果的对比 ,来探讨板栗授粉后结实的情况。结论为 :1 板栗不授粉不结果。 2 套种授粉 ,板栗异花结实率比自花结实率显著提高。 3 自然状况下板栗杂交亲合力增强 ,但果实大小不一 ,良莠不齐。 4 板栗建园必须配置好授粉树 ,并配以人工辅助授粉才能实现丰产     

不同授粉方式对攸县油茶坐果率及果实生长的影响

以2个8年生攸县油茶优良无性系为试材,研究了自花授粉、异花授粉、去雄不授粉及自然授粉四种授粉方式对其坐果率、落果动态及果实生长动态的影响。结果表明,攸县油茶不同授粉方式的坐果率有差异,坐果率从高到低的顺序依次为:异花授粉自然授粉自花授粉去雄不授粉。四种授粉处理的落果高峰期均出现在授粉后两个月内,其中以去雄不授粉落果率最高,异交落果率最低。果实横、纵径生长规律均呈现单"S"曲线,授粉4个月以后,异花授粉处理果实的横、纵径均大于其他3个处理。     

阿月浑子辅助授粉研究进展

介绍目前国内外对于阿月浑子辅助授粉研究的手段和方法,并对在国外比较先进的静电喷涂授粉技术进行阐述,对比分析了自由授粉和辅助授粉对阿月浑子果实产量以及果实品质的影响,总结了如何正确使用辅助授粉方法来提高阿月浑子产量、坐果率和开裂率。总之,辅助授粉对阿月浑子有积极和消极两方面影响,只有当授粉成为限制因子时,辅助授粉才有效。     

黑龙江省甘南向日葵蜜蜂授粉试验研究

对2016~2017年的2个食用向日葵杂交种开展蜜蜂授粉区、非授粉区和对照区的单盘籽粒数、单盘籽粒重、结实率、籽仁率和产量等对比试验,结果表明:在单盘籽粒重和结实率方面,非授粉区与授粉区和对照区相比,差异明显;在产量方面,授粉区均比非授粉区增产24.47%以上。蜜蜂授粉对向日葵具有明显的增产作用。     

人工整形对观赏果树生长发育的影响

为了科学而有效地利用苹果树资源,以促进休闲观光农业的发展,采用不同的整形处理方法,就苹果树的树体造型及其造型后的生长发育状况进行了试验与观测,结果表明:双环处理的致矮效应最好;"S"树形最为均衡,其平均干粗明显地高于其它处理,其长、中、短枝的比例适宜;双环处理的高效叶最多,其新梢能够及时停止生长,树体积累的养分多,对形成花芽有利;双环、单环和"S"形处理能够促使苹果树形成优美独特的景观。     

山核桃保花保果技术研究

山核桃Carya cathayensis Sarg.是我国特有的一种名贵干果和木本油料树种,浙江省临安县是山核桃重点产区,有面积约1.27ha,大年产5000-6000t,产值5000多万元。但由于管理粗放,加上花期常遇低温多雨天气,座果率普遍很低。大小年极明显,据对临安县14年产量统计,年变异系数达53.3-92.2％。为了提高座果率和现有林产量,近年来我们在产区进行了人工辅助授粉、施肥、外源激素应用以及农业技术措施以提高座果率的试验研究,取得良好效果。     

无毒“长富2”苹果幼树成花措施的研究

1998～ 1999年 ,针对无毒富士苹果幼树成花难的问题 ,开展了无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树成花措施的研究 ,明确了在冀中南地区环剥仍是乔砧无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树成花的主要措施 ,无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树需环剥 2次 ,壮幼树需环剥 3次即可达到理想的花量、产量标准 ;生长调节剂 6 -BA促发副梢的效果非常显著 ,并具有成花的作用 ;5月下旬环剥 1次 ,7月中旬喷布 30 0mg L的 6 -BA ,亦可达到丰产所需的花量指标     

环剥时期及宽度对驿新圆大枣产量的影响

为充分掌握和合理应用驿新圆大枣在花蕾开花不同时期最佳的环剥宽度,以10~12a生的驿新圆大枣为试材,进行了不同环剥时期、环剥宽度试验,结果表明:驿新圆大枣花蕾50%左右开花时进行0.5cm宽度的环剥产量最高,达33.114 0t/hm~2;与花蕾开花70%左右时采用0.5cm宽度环剥,花蕾开花50%左右时采用0.4cm、0.6cm宽度环剥和花蕾开花30%左右时采用0.5cm宽度环剥的相比,产量分别提高6.9%、12.4%、15.4%和17.8%;花蕾开花50%左右采用0.5cm宽度环剥,与其他4种处理之间在产量上存在极显著差异。     

枣树落花落果的原因及防治措施

本文通过对延川县枣果的生长发育及落花落果原因的调查分析,提出了枣树花期管理的措施,即断根、摘心、环切、环剥;喷布植物激素和微量元素;改善花期座果的环境条件等。并通过提高座果率,达到枣树增产、增值的目的。     

环剥与环割处理对冬枣生长结果及果实品质的影响

以8年生冬枣为试材,研究不同时期环剥与环割对冬枣生长结果及果实品质的影响,旨在为改进枣树的栽培技术和提高枣树的产量与枣果质量提供理论依据。结果表明:主干环剥及主枝环割适宜在盛花期即开花30%~50%时进行,可明显提高冬枣果实及花序坐果率,提高产量;环剥与环割后果实的维生素C、总酸、总糖和可溶性固形物含量提高;环剥处理后的枣果总糖含量较环割处理高,硬度较环割处理低,果实品质更好;盛花后期即开花60%~80%进行环剥与环割,可提高枣果纵横径及单果质量,促使果实膨大,所以在栽培中可结合盛花期进行环剥、环割后,在盛花后期根据树势情况进行2次环剥、环割处理;木质化枣吊的坐果率、可溶性固形物含量、平均纵横径和单果质量均高于脱落性枣吊,说明在生产中应注意培养木质化枣吊,这是提升枣果产量及品质的有效方法。     

Girdling effects on fruit set and quantum yield efficiency of PSII in two Citrus cultivars

Girdling effects on fruitlet abscission, leaf chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbohydrate concentration in various flowering and vegetative shoots were studied during natural fruit drop in two Citrus cultivars. Irrespective of shoot type, girdling delayed fruitlet abscission, but only fruitlets borne on leafy shoots had increased final fruit set. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed differences in quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II of light adapted leaves (Phi(PSII)) among shoot types and in response to girdling. In young leaves of vegetative shoots, girdling decreased Phi(PSII), whereas Phi(PSII) increased from Day 30 after girdling in young leaves of leafy flowering shoots; however, Phi(PSII) did not change in mature leaves during fruit set in either control or girdled trees. Girdling altered leaf carbohydrate concentrations and the photosynthetic performance of the various shoot types. Our results indicate that, in Citrus, several carbohydrate-based regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis coexist during carbohydrate accumulation brought about by girdling. It is concluded that the delay in fruitlet abscission and the increase in Phi(PSII )observed in girdled leafy flowering shoots are the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of fruit set after girdling.     

The elusive search for an effective repellent against voles: an assessment of anthraquinone for citrus crops

Vole (Cricetidae) girdling of tree trunks is a common form of damage experienced by tree and vine growers throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. Management programs that effectively incorporate chemical repellents and vegetation management would be of substantial assistance to growers that experience such damage. Anthraquinone has proven effective as a repellent against voles in lab trials, yet controlled field tests of combined anthraquinone and vegetation management programs are lacking. Therefore, we established a mesocosm-based study in central California, USA, to test the efficacy of anthraquinone and vegetation management for reducing girdling damage caused by California voles Microtus californicus to Clementine citrus trees Citrus clementine under semi-field conditions. We observed a 90–100% reduction in girdling damage for trees following a single application of anthraquinone during two trials in summer and spring, respectively. Removal of vegetation around the base of trees further reduced damage during the summer sampling period, with no girdling observed on anthraquinone-treated trees that were surrounded by bare soil. We did not observe this same relationship during spring, and we observed no relationship between vegetation management in the absence of anthraquinone treatments in either seasonal trial, suggesting that vegetation management had a lesser impact on vole girdling than anthraquinone applications. We observed no decrease in efficacy of anthraquinone across the duration of both sampling periods (5–6 weeks), indicating substantial longevity for anthraquinone. Anthraquinone appears to have substantial utility for minimizing vole girdling damage. Field testing is warranted for additional mammalian species to determine potential uses for other taxa.     

Lightwood induction in Pinus sylvestris by means of mechanical wounding

In a field experiment the influence of different girdling patterns like wide girdling, longitudinal debarking, debarking with one or several bridges, narrow girdling and bark crushing on resin soaked wood formation (lightwood) in Pinus sylvestris L. trees was investigated. Four years after treatment the concentrations of total extractives and resin acids were measured. It is shown that treatment methods differently affected concentrations of total extractives and resin acids. Longitudinal debarking with a wide bridge and debarking with several narrow bridges were the most successful methods for lightwood induction.     

Effects of stem girdling on cone yield and endogenous phytohormones and metabolites in developing long shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Stem-girdling treatments were applied in early spring to stimulate cone formation in two genotypes of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco). After girdling treatments, male cone yield increased significantly in the next growing season. The increase was 14-fold in genotype 9137. In genotype 9550, more than 8,700 male cones were induced from each tree whereas no male cones were found in controls. Female cone yield was zero in controls and low for girdled trees in both genotypes. Multiple phytohormone-related compounds, including gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and their selected metabolites, were analyzed in developing long shoots after girdling treatments by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC?CESI?CMS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Concentrations of GA₄ were slightly higher at week 2 following girdling treatment, whereas at week 8 lower GA₄ concentrations were found in girdled samples. Stem girdling did not affect concentrations of IAA and major cytokinins, such as zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine. Concentrations of ABA differed two-fold between the genotypes. Although girdling treatment did not cause differences in ABA concentrations, it generally resulted in higher concentrations of ABA glucose ester. Concentration increase of 7??-hydroxy ABA by girdling was only found in genotype 9550 at week 8. Girdling caused little change in concentrations of phaseic acid in both genotypes.