口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗免疫羊后O型抗体水平的检测

为了探讨口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗免疫接种羊后产生的O型抗体效价,在肃州区银达镇和果园乡规模场、散养户采集羊血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,规模场免疫抗体合格率平均为86.11%,散养户免疫抗体合格率平均为72%,个别散养户抗体只有40%。两个乡镇的规模场均较散养户免疫效果好,而且成年羊抗体明显高于羔羊,说明首免不能产生有效的保护抗体水平,只有二次加强免疫,抗体效价才能达到保护水平。     

犊牛口蹄疫O型灭活苗两种不同免疫程序的免疫效果比较

为了研究犊牛口蹄疫O型灭活苗不同免疫程序的免疫效果,本试验采用2种免疫方案对犊牛进行口蹄疫O型灭活苗免疫,即免疫程序A在口蹄疫O型母源抗体和免疫抗体监测值接近临界值时进行免疫,免疫途径为肌肉注射,免疫剂量按疫苗说明书要求;免疫程序B的首免和二免时间比免疫程序A提前一周进行,方法同免疫程序A。免疫后不同时间采用液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(LPB-ELISA)检测血清口蹄疫O型抗体水平。结果表明:A组犊牛在90日龄进行首免,免疫后14天抗体水平达到有效保护水平,免疫后28天部分犊牛抗体水平下降到临界保护水平之下;首免后1个月(120日龄)进行加强免疫,二免后的免疫抗体水平对牛群的保护一直维持到免疫后120天;二免后4个月(240日龄)进行三免,免疫保护期持续4个月。但首免前和二免前抗体效价相对较低,接近临界值。B组犊牛的免疫抗体变化规律同免疫程序A,但产生高效价抗体的时间提前,整个免疫期抗体水平均处于较高水平,可提供有效保护。说明免疫程序B的免疫效果优于免疫程序A。     

牛羊口蹄疫病毒O型亚洲Ⅰ型灭活疫苗不同免疫程序免疫抗体效价对比试验

对黄牛多次免疫接种牛羊口蹄疫O型亚洲1型灭活苗的抗体效价进行检测。结果表明,首免、二免、三免多次免疫牛羊口蹄疫O型亚洲1型灭活苗获得免疫效果和抗体水平依次不同。其中首免、二免的免疫抗体水平较低,免疫合格率为63%左右,三免的免疫抗体水平较高,免疫合格率达93.3%以上,免疫的整体水平达到国家规定要求。     

不同厂家牛口蹄疫O型-亚I型双价灭活疫苗免疫效果对比试验

为了解不同疫苗生产厂家生产的牛口蹄疫O型-亚I型双价灭活疫苗的免疫效果,更好地开展牛口蹄疫的免疫工作,选用兰州、内蒙古、云南三个厂家生产的牛口蹄疫O型-亚Ⅰ型双价灭活疫苗,每个厂家疫苗免疫4个组,其中3个组首免后间隔20日、30日、40日进行二免,另1组不进行二免作为对照,跟踪检测各组免疫口蹄疫O型、Ⅰ型疫苗后抗体的消长规律.结果表明:曾经免疫过的成年奶牛,免疫后分别间隔20日、30日、40日加强免疫1次,和不加强免疫的对照组相比较,其免疫抗体水平差异不显著;不同厂家疫苗免疫抗体水平差异也不显著:未免疫过的犊牛,首免后不进行加强免疫,免疫抗体水平上升相对较慢,30日时免疫抗体达到高峰期,持续60日,可维持免疫抗体水平(平均在6log2霞以上)90日以上,最长的内蒙古厂生产的疫苗可维持150日.首免后间隔20日进行加强免疫,首免后180日,免疫抗体平均值仍可迭6log2以上.口蹄疫免疫抗体水平I型比O型上升速度慢(大约慢10天),维持有效保护的时间要短(一般要短1个月).不同厂家疫苗免疫抗体水平有一定差距.     

不同厂家牛口蹄疫O型-亚Ⅰ型双价灭活疫苗免疫效果对比试验

为了解不同疫苗生产厂家生产的牛口蹄疫O型-亚Ⅰ型双价灭活疫苗的免疫效果,更好地开展牛口蹄疫的免疫工作,选用兰州、内蒙古、云南三个厂家生产的牛口蹄疫O型-亚Ⅰ型双价灭活疫苗,每个厂家疫苗免疫4个组,其中3个组首免后间隔20日、30日、40日进行二免,另1组不进行二免作为对照,跟踪检测各组免疫口蹄疫O型、Ⅰ型疫苗后抗体的消长规律。结果表明：曾经免疫过的成年奶牛,免疫后分别间隔20日、30日、40日加强免疫1次。和不加强免疫的对照组相比较,其免疫抗体水平差异不显著;不同厂家疫苗免疫抗体水平差异也不显著：未免疫过的犊牛,首免后不进行加强免疫,免疫抗体水平上升相对较慢,30日时免疫抗体达到高峰期,持续60日,可维持免疫抗体水平（平均在6log2以上）90日以上,最长的内蒙古厂生产的疫苗可维持150日。首免后间隔20日进行加强免疫,首免后180日,免疫抗体平均值仍可达6log2以上。口蹄疫免疫抗体水平Ⅰ型比O型上升速度慢（大约慢10天）,维持有效保护的时间要短（一般要短1个月）。不同厂家疫苗免疫抗体水平有一定差距。     

仔猪O型口蹄疫疫苗首免与二免抗体水平比较

试验选用72头1月龄大约克保育仔猪,随机分为2组,即对照组、试验组,每组36头, 45日龄首免口蹄疫疫苗,剂量分别为2头份/头,66日龄采血检测抗体水平,结果两组的口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率分别为33%、34.1%,抗体滴度（≤1∶128）无显著差异（P＞0.05）;仔猪77日龄时,对照组不作二免,试验组二免口蹄疫疫苗,剂量为3头份/头;仔猪98日龄时采血检测抗体水平,结果试验组的口蹄疫抗体合格率为89%,抗体滴度在1∶8~1∶256之间波动,而对照组抗体滴度在首免基础上迅速下降,合格率为0%,两组的抗体水平差异极显著（P＜0.01）。试验结果表明：①仔猪接种口蹄疫疫苗,首免产生的抗体水平很低,抗体维持时间很短,下降速度快;②在首免的基础上进行一次强化免疫,可获得较为理想的免疫抗体水平,说明仔猪进行口蹄疫二免是有必要的。     

猪瘟脾淋苗和传代细胞苗田间免疫效果比较试验

为比较猪瘟脾淋苗和传代细胞苗的免疫效果,在厦门市同安区某规模猪场,选用代号为CQ、CD和JX 3个厂家生产的猪瘟脾淋苗和传代细胞苗进行免疫效果试验。随机选取45头30日龄断乳仔猪,分为3组,30日龄首免,首免后28 d二免,A组免疫接种CQ厂家的猪瘟脾淋苗,B组免疫接种CD厂家的猪瘟脾淋苗,C组免疫接种JX厂家的猪瘟细胞传代苗,通过定期跟踪3组猪群血清中的抗体水平,评估疫苗的免疫效果。结果显示:3组猪群二免后7 d前免疫抗体抗体水平和阳性率无显著差异,38 d后才出现免疫抗体水平和阳性率显著差异,以C组猪群的抗体阳性率最高,A组猪群的抗体阳性率最低。     

两种O型口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫猪抗体消长规律比较

为准确掌握猪0型口蹄疫灭活疫苗在免疫后抗体的消长动态,在两个规模猪场各选择4窝体质健康、体重接近的仔猪,随机分成4组,每组10头,分别接种两个不同厂家猪0型口蹄疫灭活疫苗,采用IHA方法检测免疫前后抗体效价。结果显示:两种疫苗免疫机体后,都能刺激机体产生免疫应答反应,但注射一次很难达到免疫效果,必须在首免后30天进行二免,才能保证免疫抗体合格率达到70名以上的标准;M苗需要加大剂量免疫,才能满足预防猪口蹄疫疫病的需要,而N苗用标准剂量免疫就可以对机体产生有效的保护作用,同时N苗免疫后刺激机体产生抗体的速度快,可用于紧急免疫接种;另外在制定免疫程序前,必须对新生仔猪的母源抗体进行监测,掌握本场内的母源抗体的消长规律,以便确定合适的首免日龄。     

H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫鸵鸟后抗体消长规律及免疫程序的研究

为了探讨鸵鸟对H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫原性,做好鸵鸟禽流感的防控工作,采用哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的重组H5N1亚型禽流感疫苗,不同剂量免疫鸵鸟,用HI方法检测母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄.结果表明,雏鸵鸟母源抗体能维持约3周～8周;8周龄时分组首免,C1组产生的免疫反应优于C2组,抗体峰值能达到7.50 log2,维持时间为9周左右;17周龄时C1组以3.0 mL/羽进行二免,2周后抗体达到7.40log2,3周～7周抗体维持在高峰值,最高达8.80log2,以后逐渐下降,有效抗体水平能维持至接种后25周左右.二免后25周进行三免,以5 mL/羽三免后2周抗体可达到9.80log2,2周～4周抗体维持在最高峰,以后缓慢下降,期间抗体时有起伏,但有效抗体水平约可维持1年时间.三免后45周内抗体水平合格率均在70%以上.根据抗体消长规律,初步推荐了鸵鸟的免疫程序.     

羊免疫布鲁菌病疫苗(S2株)免疫抗体长期监测结果的试验

为探究羊经布鲁菌病疫苗(S2株)免疫后的血清抗体长期动态消长规律,本试验于2012年9月-2015年9月选取阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗96只山羊、100只绵羊作为试验动物,经布鲁菌疫苗(S2株)100亿CFU、200亿CFU不同免疫剂量灌服,分别于免疫前和免疫后不同时间段采血分离血清,应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验进行抗体监测。结果表明,绵羊组在一免后20d时,血清抗体阳性率达到最高峰,之后呈下降趋势,150d抗体阳性率降至0%,免疫后180d^360d,绵羊组抗体阳性率一直处于较低水平(0%~4%),二免和三免后不同时间段免疫抗体消长规律与首次免疫基本一致;山羊组抗体阳性率在免疫后20 d时,血清抗体阳性率达到最高峰,之后呈下降趋势,免疫后90 d^360 d,免疫抗体时高时低,起伏较大,无明显规律,二免和三免后不同时间段免疫抗体消长规律与首次免疫基本一致,结果同时表明,100亿CFU和200亿CFU两个免疫剂量组的抗体阳性率无明显差异。     

Passive transfer of antibodies to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 antigens in neonatal calves by feeding colostrum

To study whether or not passive immunity of neonatal calves against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26, O111, and O157 was obtained by colostrum administration, serum antibodies in calves after the feeding were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in comparison with antibodies in colostrum and sera from donor dams. The highest antibody titers to STEC in colostrum from dams were detected soon after parturition. The antibody titers were found to be elevated in sera of neonatal calves (4-9 hr after birth) orally administered with colostrum with high antibody titers, suggesting that passive immunity of neonatal calves to STEC infection may be obtained by feeding colostrum. These results suggest that colostrum administration to neonatal calves may play an important role in elevating serum antibodies against STEC in neonatal calves.     

The serological response of cattle immunized with Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 or O:16 to Yersinia and Brucella abortus antigens in enzyme immunoassays

Sera from calves immunized with Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:9 or O:16 were tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from Brucella abortus or Y. enterocolitica O:9 or O:16 for their antibody content of the IgG1 or IgG2 subclasses. High IgG1 responses were present with the three antigens in both groups although some individual variations between animals were noted. The IgG2 responses were modest and in some cases not above background 'noise'. Thus IgG2 antibody was not measurable in sera from serotype O:9 injected calves when using serotype O:16 LPS or in serotype O:16 injected calves when using B. abortus or serotype O:9 LPSs. A competitive ELISA using B. abortus O-polysaccharide and a monoclonal antibody to B. abortus LPS (initially designed to differentiate the antibody responses of cattle naturally infected with B. abortus from those vaccinated with strain 19) was used on sera from both groups of calves. Using this test, no antibody was detected in the group immunized with serotype O:16 and except for one animal in the serotype O:9 immunized group, only low levels of antibody were transiently in evidence. One animal in this group responded with quite high levels of competing antibody which, however, declined towards the end of the test period. The competitive ELISA may prove a useful serological tool for differentiating vaccinal and field infection titers to B. abortus and also to eliminate cross-reactions observed with Y. enterocolitica serotypes.     

三种试剂盒检测猪口蹄疫O型抗体的对比试验

使用三种猪口蹄疫O型抗体检测试剂盒分别检测接种猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗和猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗的免疫抗体,以探讨三种抗体检测试剂盒的相关性。结果发现,猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒和猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒都可检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达90.8%,而间接血凝试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗;猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒和间接血凝试剂盒可用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达93.7%,而猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗。     

规模奶牛场O型口蹄疫疫苗抗体消长规律研究

[目的]通过免疫抗体监测,掌握其在奶牛体内消长规律;建立适合本区奶牛口蹄疫疫苗常规免疫程序,提高有效免疫保护;探索延平区内两个常用口蹄疫疫苗的抗体产生时间和免疫抗体持续时间,为有效科学免疫,预防口蹄疫疫情提供科学依据。[方法]血样采集使用一次性真空采血管,抗体检测采用液相阻断ELISA检测方法,抗体效价判定依据畜牧兽医主管部门动物疫病监测方案。[试验对象]选择福建省南平市延平区两个分别常年免疫政府采购疫苗（中牧实业）、自行采购疫苗（内蒙金宇）的A、B规模化牛场,各选取一定数量的初生犊牛（犊牛20 头及对应母牛20 头）。[结果]A场母牛产后、犊牛出生当天O型抗体合格率达100%,第四周达到峰值后开始下降,至12周抗体合格率降至50%,确定首免时间为犊牛出生后12 周,首免后第6周抗体合格率降至55%,确定二免时间为首免后第6周;B场母牛产后、犊牛出生当天O型抗体合格率达95%,第四周达到峰值后开始下降,至9周抗体合格率降至55%,确定首免时间为犊牛出生后9 周,首免后第3周抗体合格率降至28%,确定二免时间为首免后第3周。[结论]根据监测试验结果,A场的免疫程序设计为犊牛出生后12 周开始首免,首免后第6周开始2 免,以后每4 个月免疫1 次;B场的免疫程序设计为犊牛出生后9 周开始首免,首免后第3 周开始2 免,以后每4 个月免疫1 次。     

肉鹅H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果的研究

选用H 5亚型禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗(H 5N 1,R e1株)对马岗鹅作首免日龄、免疫次数与免疫剂量的免疫试验。结果表明,雏鹅在7、14或21日龄作1次免疫均产生免疫应答,其中14与21日龄免疫组免疫后第5周抗体水平均达4 log2以上,抗体动态变化均值与峰值均高于7日龄免疫组2~3个滴度。用0.5、1和2 m l/只3个剂量对14日龄雏鹅的免疫试验中,0.5m l组抗体水平上升过程缓慢,免疫后4周抗体水平才达4 log2以上,1与2 m l组在免疫1周后上升速度较快,免疫后2周即达4 log2以上,抗体水平相近,但2 m l免疫组免疫后5~7周抗体水平均低于1 m l免疫组。说明接种剂量为1或2 m lH 5N 1油苗比接种0.5 m l的免疫效果好,尤以1 m l免疫剂量效果最好。雏鹅在7、14日龄或14、21日龄作2次免疫和7、14、21日龄作3次免疫,首免后抗体上升速度快,各检测点抗体水平均值相近,均在首免后3周达到4 log2以上,4~5周达6 log2以上,4~7周的抗体水平均高于14日龄1次免疫组,且提前2周达到4 log2以上,说明2次、3次免疫组的抗体水平高于1次免疫组,而2次与3次免疫组的抗体水平无明显差异。以上结果说明,在肉鹅生产的禽流感免疫中,选择以14日龄首免0.5 m l/只,21日龄2免接种1 m l/只可取得较为理想的免疫效果。     

天峻县牛羊AsiaⅠ-O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测

为了探讨口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗免疫接种牦牛、藏羊后产生抗体效价,项目对天峻县阳康乡的牦牛、藏羊开展AsiaⅠ-O型口蹄疫疫苗的抗体效价检测,试验结果表明,口蹄疫AsiaⅠ-O型二价灭活疫苗免疫效果依次为成年牦牛、成年藏羊、犊牛、羔羊;免疫后Ⅰ型抗体分析结果与O型免疫抗体的免疫效果一致,免疫合格率在80%以上,免疫牛羊产生的整体抗体水平能够符合国家规定的要求。     

Isotype-specific antibody responses against Escherichia coli O157:H7 locus of enterocyte effacement proteins in adult beef cattle following experimental infection

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen and cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are an important reservoir of E. coli O157:H7, in which the organism colonizes the intestinal tract and is shed in the feces. Vaccination of cattle has significant potential as a pre-harvest intervention strategy for E. coli O157:H7; however, basic information about the bovine immune responses to important bacterial colonization factors resulting from infection has not been reported. The serum and fecal IgG and IgA antibody responses of adult cattle to E. coli O157:H7 intimin, translocated intimin receptor (Tir), E. coli-secreted proteins (Esp)A, EspB and O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in response to infection were determined. All animals were seropositive for all five antigens prior to inoculation, with antibody titers to EspB and O157 LPS significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to Tir, intimin and EspA. After inoculation, the cattle became colonized and developed significant increases in their serum antibody titers to intimin, Tir, EspB, EspA and O157 LPS (P<0.05); however, by 42 days post-inoculation the titers to all except EspB were on the decline. In contrast, pre- and post-inoculation fecal IgG and IgA antibodies to these same antigens were not detected (<1:5). These results indicate that cattle respond serologically to E. coli O157:H7 type III secreted proteins, intimin and O157 LPS during the course of infection and the response is correlated with the extent of fecal shedding.     

O型口蹄疫抗体金标试纸盒检测免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护关系

本研究目的在于用O型口蹄疫金标试纸条研究免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护之间的对应关系以及免疫牛抗体消长规律.用金标试纸条检测了口蹄疫O型疫苗质量标准规定的牛、羊和猪免疫和攻毒血清抗体效价及不同免疫程序的牛血清效价.结果显示,当牛、猪和羊免疫血清稀释≥1∶8时,试纸条是阳性结果,表示有99％的被免疫动物属于抗体水平保护范围;被检测血清稀释≤1∶2时,是阴性结果,表示被免疫动物抗体水平属于不保护范围;血清稀释1∶2～1∶8时,是阳性结果,表示有50％的被免疫动物属于抗体水平保护范围.牛在首次免疫8周后加强免疫可以获得良好的保护率和保护时间.通过本试验确定了金标试纸条检测免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护之间的关系及牛加强免疫最佳的时间.     

鸡新城疫（ND）各种免疫程序的测定

本试验进行了三批鸡的免疫研究。第一批试验检测不同类型新城疫疫苗在不同母源抗体水平（高和低）的鸡体上的免疫效果。结果显示,在高母源抗体时免疫,Ｖ４组和油乳剂灭活苗级抗体水平表现较低,而在低母源抗体时免疫,几种疫苗的抗体水平上升得很快,特别Ｌａｓｏｔａ－克隆３０组最明显,而油乳剂灭活苗组的抗体水平保持最长。根据此结果而制定了不同的免疫程序,进行了第二、第三批免疫试验,并分别在４５天龄及７０天龄时进行强     

Dose-response effects of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines: influence of serologic assay, time after vaccination, and type of chickens

Knowledge of the dose-response relation of inactivated vaccines and of the factors that influence this relation is essential for the evaluation of existing vaccine potency assays and the development of new potency assays that are based on the antigen content of the inactivated vaccines. We quantified the relation between vaccine dose, serologic response, and clinical protection after vaccination for three different inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. Qualitatively, similar dose-response curves were obtained for the three vaccines when either the serologic response or the clinical protection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens was plotted against the different vaccine doses applied. However, the vaccines differed quantitatively: doses of vaccines that induced similar antibody titers or clinical protection differed 2-8-fold. In contrast with the narrow range of antibody titers induced by a full vaccine dose, a very broad range of titers was obtained after dilution of the vaccines. At least 95% of the SPF chickens with detectable antibody in the serum were protected against a challenge with virulent Herts ND virus. The relation between the dosage of two different ND vaccines and the serum antibody titers remained markedly constant between 3 and 18 wk after vaccination. Vaccination of broilers instead of layers with a dilution series of inactivated ND vaccine resulted in significantly lower antibody levels and less clinical protection against virulent challenge. In conclusion, despite quantitative differences, we found comparable dose-response relations for the three inactivated ND vaccines studied.