O6-0B014;B015;12;1;H;BB014

蜕?005000500010001;0006001052-54圆中的斯坦纳──莱麦斯定理推广的猜想证明魏春强安康教育学院!陕西安康7250000安康师专学报JOURNAL OF ANKANG TEACHERS COLLEGE55-56O182A002;73;H;AA002_73;魏春强000500020011000355-56斯坦纳定理推广的猜想证明黄岩陕西绥德四十铺中学!陕西绥德7180000安康师专学报JOURNAL OF ANKANG     

Development and characterization of two new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dasypyrum</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">villosum</Emphasis> Robertsonian translocation lines T1DS·1V#3L and T1DL·1V#3S and their effect on grain quality

Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy is a diploid, wild relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Previous studies showed that D. villosum chromosome 1V has genes that encode seed storage proteins that may be used to enhance the grain quality of bread wheat. As a first step in genetic transfer, the present study was initiated to develop compensating Robertsonian translocations involving wheat chromosome 1D and D. villosum chromosome 1V and to analyze their effects on grain quality. A monosomic 1D stock was crossed with the disomic addition stock DA1V#3 and the double monosomic plants (20″ + 1D′ + 1V#3′) were self pollinated. Two co-dominant STS markers (BE499250 and BE591682) polymorphic for the short arm of 1V#3S and two dominant STS markers (BE518358 and BE585781) polymorphic for the long arm of 1V#3L were developed to screen a large number of progeny to identify plants that had only the 1V#3S or 1V#3L arms. Five compensating Robertsonian heterozygous translocations, two (plants #56 and #83) for the short arm (T1DL·1V#3S) and three (plants #7, #123, and #208) for the long arm (T1DS·1V#3L) were identified from 282 F₂ plants and confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analyses. Two homozygous translocations T1DL·1V#3S (plants #14 and #39) were identified from 52 F₃ plants derived from F₂ plant #83. Four homozygous translocations T1DS·1V#3L (plants #3, #22, #29, and #30) were identified from 68 F₃ plants derived from F₂ plant #208. The homozygous translocation T1DL·1V#3S had a significantly higher (37.4 ml) and T1DS·1V#3L had significantly lower (10 ml) Zeleny sedimentation values compared to Chinese Spring wheat (30.7 ml). Our results showed that 1V#3S increased gluten strength and enhanced wheat quality, but 1V#3L decreased gluten strength and did not enhance wheat quality.     

普通小麦中国春–簇毛麦易位系T1DL•1VS和T1DS•1VL的农艺和品质特性

为明确普通小麦中国春–簇毛麦整臂互补易位系T1DS?1VL和T1DL?1VS对农艺特性和加工品质的效应, 于2008-2010年在陕西杨凌连续2个生长季对这2个易位系和CS的主要农艺性状和加工品质性状进行了研究, 并采用SDS-PAGE法对簇毛麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)基因进行了进一步的染色体臂定位。结果表明, 这2个易位系的抽穗期和成熟期相同, 但比CS晚1~2 d, T1DS?1VL其他农艺性状与中国春相似, T1DL?1VS的春季单株分蘖、千粒重和单株粒重显著高于中国春;2个易位系的籽粒蛋白质含量与中国春无显著差异, T1DS?1VL的Zeleny沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和粉质仪质量指数显著降低;相反, T1DL?1VS的这些性状值显著提高。说明T1DS?1VL易位系对小麦的面团强度有显著的负向效应, 而T1DL?1VS易位系显著增强面筋强度。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明, 簇毛麦的1VS和1VL上均含有簇毛麦的HMW-GS基因Glu-V1, 但该基因在T1DL?1VS中的表达可能强于在T1DS?1VL中。     

Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning and functional verification of resistance to head smut disease (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphacelotheca reiliana</Emphasis>) of an NBS–LRR gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">ZmNL</Emphasis> in maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis>)

The nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene family comprises the largest number of known disease resistance (R) genes and is one of the largest gene families in plants. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of ZmNL (GenBank Accession Number KF765443) was isolated using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends. The nucleotide sequence of ZmNL contains an open reading frame of 3156 bp that encodes the ZmNL protein, which is comprised of 1051 amino acid residues. This putative protein has high homology to other known resistance proteins (84% to Triticum aestivum LR10) and belongs to the CC–NBS–LRR type R gene family. The ZmNL gene was introduced into the maize inbred line of Huangzao4 which was highly susceptible to head smut under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The head smut disease incidence of 3 T₂ transgenic lines was significantly reduced (by 18.38–29.40%) compared with the wild type, which indicated that the overexpression of ZmNL gene in maize enhanced the resistance to the fungus Sporisorium reilianum (Kühn) Clint of these plants.     

以RNA干扰γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶1基因(OsGABA-T1)表达提高稻米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种四碳非蛋白质氨基酸, 具有降血压等功能。为提高稻米中GABA含量, 利用RNA干扰技术, 构建水稻中GABA代谢关键酶GABA转氨酶1基因(OsGABA-T1)的干扰载体, 通过农杆菌介导法, 将其转化至粳稻品种宁粳1号中。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明导入的RNA干扰结构成功地降低了目的基因OsGABA-T1的表达, 且干扰家系中OsGABA-T2基因表达也随之下降。对转基因T₃代稻米GABA含量测定发现, 糙米中GABA含量相对于对照增加了13倍以上, 精米中GABA含量也显著增加, 而其他主要氨基酸含量则没有明显变化。测定储藏4个月的转基因稻米发现, GABA含量仍具有较高水平。所以, 利用RNA干扰技术可有效提高稻米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量, 为培育富含GABA的降血压功能性水稻品种提供基础。     

Selection of U and M genome-specific wheat SSR markers using wheat–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops biuncialis</Emphasis> and wheat–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ae. geniculata</Emphasis> addition lines

We selected wheat SSR markers specific to the U and M genomes of Aegilops species. A total of 108 wheat SSR markers were successfully tested on Ae. biuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, U^bU^bM^bM^b), on five wheat–Ae. biuncialis addition lines (2M^b, 3M^b, 7M^b, 3U^b and 5U^b) and on a wheat–Ae. geniculata (1U^g, 2U^g, 3U^g, 4U^g, 5U^g, 7U^g, 1M^g, 2M^g, 4M^g, 5M^g, 6M^g and 7M^g) addition series. Among the markers, 86 (79.6%) were amplified in the Ae. biuncialis genome. Compared with wheat, polymorphic bands of various lengths were detected on Ae. biuncialis for 35 (32.4%) of the wheat microsatellite markers. Three of these (8.6%) exhibited specific PCR products on wheat–Ae. biuncialis or wheat–Ae. geniculata addition lines. The primers GWM44 and GDM61 gave specific PCR products on the 2M^b and 3M^b wheat–Ae. biuncialis addition lines, but not on the 2M^g addition line of Ae. geniculata. A specific band was observed on the 7U^g wheat–Ae. geniculata addition line using the BARC184 primer. These three markers specific to the U and M genomes are helpful for the identification of 2M^b, 3M^b and 7U^g chromosome introgressions into wheat.     

扬糯麦1号8000 kg hm~(–2)以上高产群体质量指标

糯小麦因其独特的品质特性而在食品加工等领域有广泛的用途,但其高产栽培配套技术却鲜有研究,制约了该特种小麦的生产。2010年11月至2013年6月连续3个生长季,以扬糯麦1号为材料,通过密度和氮肥施用量及不同生育期施氮比例处理,构建不同产量水平群体,研究不同群体的产量结构及群体质量特征,以明确高产群体的产量结构及群体质量指标。结果表明,扬糯麦1号≥8000 kg hm–2高产群体的产量构成三要素特点是每公顷520~550万穗、每穗43~46粒、千粒重32~37 g。高产群体拔节期最适茎蘖数为穗数的2.3~2.5倍,茎蘖成穗率为44%~49%,分蘖成穗率为25%~33%,孕穗期和乳熟期的最适叶面积指数(LAI)分别为6.2~6.5和3.2~4.0,开花期干物质积累量为10 000~11 600kg hm–2,花后干物质积累量达5900 kg hm–2以上,适宜粒叶比达0.36粒cm–2叶和12.40 mg cm–2叶以上。高产群体各生育时期LAI值、花后干物质积累量和粒叶比均高于中高产群体(7500~8000 kg hm–2)及中产群体(7500 kg hm–2)。3年中扬糯麦1号均达到高产指标的小区具有以下特征:基本苗为225×104 hm–2,总施氮量为240 kg hm–2,氮肥运筹(基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥)比例为5∶1∶2∶2。     

Frequent occurrence of unreduced gametes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum turgidum</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops tauschii</Emphasis> hybrids

Spontaneous chromosome doubling via union of unreduced (2n) gametes has been thought to be the way that common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was originated from the hybridization of T. turgidum L. with Ae. tauschii Cosson. Previous works have observed unreduced gametes in F₁ hybrids of Ae. tauschii with six of the eight T. turgidum subspecies. It is not clear, however, whether the formation of these unreduced gametes is a norm in the F₁ hybrids. In the present study, we tried to answer this question by assessing the occurrence frequency of unreduced gametes in 115 T. turgidum–Ae. tauschii hybrid combinations, involving 76 genotypes of seven T. turgdium subspecies and 24 Ae. tauschii accessions. Our data show that these hybrid combinations differed significantly (P ≤ 0.01, F = 11.40) in selfed seedset, an indicator for production of unreduced gametes. This study clearly showed that meiotic restitution genes are widely distributed within T. turgidum. However, significant differences were found between as well as within T. turgidum subspecies and in the interaction of the T. turgidum genotypes with those of Ae. taushii. The possible application of the meiotic restitution genes from T. turgidum in production of double haploids is also discussed.     

大豆Gm TIP1;1基因的克隆与表达分析

利用RT-PCR方法从大豆根部组织获得Glyma03g34310.1开放阅读框(ORF)全长, 经测序验证、Blast比对与同源性分析发现该序列编码的蛋白质与其他植物的TIP1;1蛋白具有较高的相似性, 故命名为GmTIP1;1基因(GenBank登录号为AK285481), 该基因ORF长753 bp, 编码1个包含250个氨基酸的蛋白, 在ORF内部第381个核苷酸处含有1个94 bp的内含子, 符合↓GT--AG↓的剪接方式; 系统进化树分析发现Gm TIP1;1聚类到豆科植物分支, 其他不同科的植物也有规律地聚到了不同分支, 推测该蛋白氨基酸序列可以作为植物分类的依据; 半定量RT-PCR结果表明该基因在大豆的不同器官、不同器官的不同发育阶段均具较高且同等的表达水平, 暗示该基因在植物的整个发育进程中均具重要作用; 在盐胁迫的不同时间点其表达量有下降的趋势, 但仍然保持较高的表达水平; 以pYES2为酵母表达载体, 转化酿酒酵母INVSc1菌株, 获得重组酵母INVSc1 (pYES2-GmTIP1;1), 转化菌株在盐胁迫下的存活率明显高于对照INVSc1 (pYES2), 而在干旱胁迫下则没有显著差异, 表明该基因的表达能有效地提高酵母的耐盐性。     

烤烟新品种‘黔西1号’选育及配套栽培技术研究

‘黔西1号’是从‘K326’变异植株中选育出来的烤烟新品种,2005-2007年参加贵州省烤烟品种（系）区域和生产试验,2008年通过贵州省烤烟品种审评委员会农业评审,2009-2011年在黔西县推广种植。笔者就‘黔西1号’的选育过程、植物学性状、农艺性状、CMV抗性、TMV抗性、黑胫病抗性、青枯病抗性、抗逆性、产量、均价、产值、上中等烟率、烟叶外观质量、化学成分、评吸鉴定、配套栽培技术和调制技术等进行研究。结果表明：‘黔西1号’大田烟株长势较强,抗气候斑点病、黑阱病,中抗赤星病、青枯病。平均单产为2193.75 kg/hm2,均价为11.42元/kg,产值为25052元/hm2,上等烟率为27.1%。烟叶分层落黄,成熟好,容易烘烤,颜色以金黄为主,外观品质较好;内在化学成分较为协调,与对照‘K326’相当;烟叶评吸略优于对照‘K326’。总之,‘黔西1号’植物学性状和农艺性状较好、适应性和抗逆性较强,配套栽培技术和调制技术简单,容易掌握,是一个值得开发利用的地方新品种。     

杂交蓝莓‘兴安1号’抗寒能力分析

为解决野生蓝莓抗寒性评估问题,选用‘兴安1号’杂交蓝莓与父本美国矮丛蓝莓、母本野生蓝莓为材料,采用盆栽实施梯度防寒,对其在低温胁迫下的各项生理指标进行测定,结合隶属函数法对3个蓝莓品种的抗寒性进行综合评估。结果表明,在低温胁迫条件下,3个蓝莓品种的电导率、MDA含量、H₂O₂含量、O₂^-速率、ABA含量与对照相比显著提高,差异达到极显著水平;MDA含量、相对电导率、O₂^-速率的权重值较大,抗寒性由强到弱表现为‘兴安1号’、野生蓝莓、美国矮丛蓝莓,田间试验与抗寒性综合评估结果趋于一致。     

五香‘绿岭1号’薄皮核桃烘烤工艺研究

以‘绿岭1号’薄皮核桃为原料,从烘烤工艺出发,在不添加抗氧化剂的前提下,对比不同烘烤温度下薄皮核桃的干燥速率和氧化程度,优化五香薄皮核桃的烘烤条件,达到缩短烘烤时间、降低氧化程度的目的。结果表明,‘绿岭1号’薄皮核桃在60~90℃梯度升温烘烤条件下,干燥时间、氧化程度均明显低于其他烘烤方式,并且产品质量良好。因此‘绿岭1号’薄皮核桃的最佳烘烤条件是60~90℃梯度升温,其次是持续80℃烘烤。     

酿酒葡萄‘桂葡1号’幼叶原生质体分离研究

研究酿酒葡萄‘桂葡1号’幼叶原生质体的最佳分离条件。以‘桂葡1号’20~30日龄无菌苗幼叶为分离原生质体试材,对分离过程中酶液组合、酶解时间、稳定剂浓度、纯化时离心速度及离心时间进行比较分析。酶组合以2%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶为宜。随着酶解时间的延长,原生质体的产量逐渐增高,适合‘桂葡1号’幼叶原生质体的酶解时间以8 h为宜。在0.45~0.55 mol/L的甘露醇范围内,随浓度提高,原生质的产率明显上升,0.55 mol/L时达到最大2.48×106个/(g?FW),活力为79.78%。在悬浮纯化原生质体时,以1000 rpm离心6~8 min的效果较好。分离材料的适宜酶液组合为2% Celluasw Onozuka R-10+0.5% PectolyaseY-23+25 mmol/L MES+0.55 mol/L甘露醇,解离时间以8 h为宜。悬浮纯化时,蔗糖浓度以30%、1000 r/min离心6~8 min效果较好。     

冬种马铃薯新品种‘闽薯1号’高产栽培试验

以 ‘闽薯1号’为试验材料,采用裂区设计,探讨不同品种和栽培方式对冬种马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：（1）6种不同处理间商品薯产量差异均达极显著水平。其中,以‘闽薯1号’稻草包芯+地膜覆盖栽培的鲜薯产量为39.39 t/hm2,增产44.23%,大中薯率高达95.2%,生育期缩短5天,每公顷可增加纯收入1.66万元,增产增效最为显著。其次是‘闽薯1号’地膜覆盖栽培,‘紫花851’常规栽培处理最低。（2）同一品种不同栽培方式的产量、大中薯率和商品率表现依次为稻草包芯+地膜覆盖>地膜覆盖>常规栽培。（3）同一栽培方式不同品种的产量差异显著,表现依次为‘闽薯1号’>‘紫花851’。稻草包芯+地膜覆盖栽培具有增产增效显著、增温保墒、保水防旱、抑制杂草、减轻病虫害和防霜冻害等优点。马铃薯新品种‘闽薯1号’采用稻草包芯+地膜覆盖配套栽培技术,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

蓖麻RcTIP1;2与RcTIP1;3基因的克隆及低温胁迫下的表达分析

植物水孔蛋白作为水分快速跨膜运输的通道蛋白,在保持细胞内外渗透平衡、调节气孔运动以及参与渗透胁迫应答等方面发挥着重要的作用。本研究以'通蓖5号'叶片为材料,利用RT-PCR的方法成功克隆了两个液泡膜内源水孔蛋白基因的ORFs,将其命名为RcTIP1;2和RcTIP1;3。基因结构分析显示RcTIP1;2和RcTIP1;3均含有3个外显子和2个内含子。生物信息学分析表明2个基因编码的蛋白均含有6个跨膜螺旋以及MIP超家族典型的2个“NPA”保守结构域。多重序列比对发现RcTIP1;2与PtTIP1;2同源性高达84.92%,RcTIP1;3与AtTIP1;3同源性高达79.76%。进化树分析表明2个基因均属于TIP1类亚家族蛋白成员o qRT-PCR分析表明RcTIP1;2与RcTIP1;3基因受冷胁迫均下调表达,该基因的下调表达可能有助于抵抗和延缓冷冻诱导的细胞脱水。进一步对RcTIP1;2与RcTIP1;3调控冷响应的分子机理进行研究,从而为蓖麻分子辅助育种提供重要的理论依据。     

Genotype × environment interactions in populations possessing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ga1</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ga1</Emphasis> alleles for cross incompatibility in maize

Use of cross incompatibility in corn (Zea mays L.) by the Ga1-s allele may reduce cross-fertilization in specialty and conventional organic corn with pollen from genetically-modified (GM) corn. For effective use, information about environment, and genotype × environment effects on cross-fertilization by ga1 as well as heritability of cross incompatibility in maize is necessary. Our objective was to obtain this information. Four population pairs differing in their genotype at ga1 were evaluated for cross incompatibility with ga1 pollen in different environments. Populations were derived by crossing the recurrent parents B116, PHG35, ARZM16035:S19, and (CHZM05015:Mo17)Mo17 to Ga1-s donor parent Mo508W/Mo506W. Two replicates of each treatment were grown in the center of 952 m² fields planted with purple corn as an adventitious source of ga1/ga1 pollen. Open pollination was allowed and the amount of cross-fertilization estimated by averaging the percentage of purple seeds. Environment and genotype × environment effects were not significant. Contrasts to evaluate differences in cross-fertilization between Ga1-s and ga1 populations revealed that mean percentages of cross-fertilization in Ga1-s populations of B116, ARZM16035:S19, and (CHZM05015:Mo17)Mo17 were significantly lower than in ga1 populations. The estimated broad-sense heritability on an entry-mean basis for cross incompatibility was 0.81. Results suggest differences in genotype at ga1 played a major role in cross-fertilization of populations differing in their genotype at the ga1 locus. Incompatibility may be selected effectively over different environments and the Ga1-s system may be of value to reduce cross-fertilization with GM corn pollen.     

利用1RS特异标记和染色体原位杂交技术鉴定小麦1BL·1RS易位系

以小麦-黑麦1BL·1RS易位系(Kavkaz、山农030-1)、1AL·1RS易位系(Amigo)、荆州黑麦、八倍体小黑麦劲松49、1R-7R二体异附加系以及普通小麦中国春、辉县红、铭贤169、Chancellor等为材料,对65个黑麦1RS特异标记进行鉴定,从中筛选出8个稳定的标记,即NOR-1、SECA2/SECA3、SCSS30.2、Sec1Gene、Sec1Pro、ω-Sec-P1/P2、ω-Sec-P3/P4和IB-267,可用于检测1AL·1RS易位系或1BL·1RS易位系;另外3个特异标记O-SEC5′-A/O-SEC3′-R、IAG95-1和SCM-9可用于区别1RS来源不同的1AL·1RS和1BL·1RS易位系。利用这11个标记和染色体原位杂交技术对40份山东省近年育成小麦品种(系)进行检测,发现潍麦8号、鲁麦14、济宁13、山农664、山农优麦3号和烟农25为1BL·1RS易位系,而且是1RS的整臂易位系,未检测到1AL·1RS易位系和其他易位类型。     

烤烟‘渝金香1号’致香物质含量分析

对烤烟新品种‘渝金香1号’的致香物质含量进行分析,为该品种的栽培技术改进以及卷烟配方应用提供依据。取重庆市巫山县烟区的‘渝金香1号’以及主栽烤烟品种‘云烟87’、‘K326’（对照）中部C3F等级烟叶,经蒸馏萃取后,采用气相色谱质谱联用法测定其致香成分及含量。试验检测出70种致香物质或潜香物质成分;‘渝金香1号’萜烯类、醛、酮类物质的含量稍低于对照品种‘云烟87’和‘K326’;氮杂环类和酚类物质含量稍高于‘云烟87’和‘K326’;醇类、酯类和酸类物质低于‘云烟87’,高于‘K326’;致香物质占测出致香或潜香物质总量的比例为23.48%,高于‘云烟87’(22.74%)和‘K326’(17.98%),有利于在陈化过程中快速降解生成致香成分;新植二烯与致香物质总量的比例低于‘云烟87’和‘K326’,对于降低烟气的刺激性、协调吃味有利;植物呋喃类含量与新植二烯含量的比例高于‘云烟87’和‘K326’,类胡萝卜素重要致香降解产物总量比‘云烟87’和‘K326’分别高5.92%和5.22%,叶面分泌物降解产物或衍生物总量(34.310 µg/g)高于对照品种‘云烟87’(32.996 µg/g)和‘K326’(32.490 µg/g),有利于彰显‘渝金香1号’烤后烟叶的香气特征。‘渝金香1号’致香物质含量较高,比例较协调,香气质量较好。